Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 32M in Madagascar (ranked 49/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 224,634 sq mi for Madagascar (ranked 129th vs. 44th).
By GDP, Estonia ranks 102/197 ($42.8B) and Madagascar ranks 136/197 ($17.4B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,170), while Madagascar ranks 193/197 ($545).
Main facts and rankings
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1355535
|
33368335
|
| Population rank | 155/197 | 49/197 |
| GDP |
$42.8B
2024 |
$17.4B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 102/197 | 136/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$31,170
2024 |
$545
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 40/197 | 193/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$49,334
2024 |
$1,884
2024 |
| Government debt |
$10.1B
2024 |
$8.78B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
25.4%
2025 |
51.3%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$7,362
2024 |
$274.7
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank | 66/185 | 180/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$21,368
2025 |
$1,489
2025 |
| Land area |
16,498 sq mi
2025 |
224,634 sq mi
2025 |
| Population density |
83.2 ppl/mi²
2024 |
142.3 ppl/mi²
2024 |
| Fertility rate |
1.31
2023 |
3.97
2023 |
| Median age |
43.3 years
2024 |
20 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
79.5 years
2025 |
64 years
2025 |
Estonia and Madagascar: Comparison Charts
Estonia and Madagascar economies compared
GDP
Estonia
Madagascar
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
| 1960 | - | $673,081,725 |
| 1961 | - | $699,161,945 |
| 1962 | - | $739,286,908 |
| 1963 | - | $759,345,864 |
| 1964 | - | $802,482,184 |
| 1965 | - | $833,563,473 |
| 1966 | - | $900,264,585 |
| 1967 | - | $956,436,932 |
| 1968 | - | $1,031,669,637 |
| 1969 | - | $1,056,391,056 |
| 1970 | - | $1,111,859,571 |
| 1971 | - | $1,199,507,631 |
| 1972 | - | $1,341,590,690 |
| 1973 | - | $1,653,062,335 |
| 1974 | - | $1,917,508,190 |
| 1975 | - | $2,283,049,215 |
| 1976 | - | $2,181,844,179 |
| 1977 | - | $2,358,930,406 |
| 1978 | - | $2,669,755,115 |
| 1979 | - | $3,463,565,854 |
| 1980 | - | $5,201,818,348 |
| 1981 | - | $4,759,333,998 |
| 1982 | - | $4,784,977,326 |
| 1983 | - | $4,686,457,031 |
| 1984 | - | $3,905,938,481 |
| 1985 | - | $3,802,557,895 |
| 1986 | - | $4,347,989,788 |
| 1987 | - | $3,212,900,556 |
| 1988 | - | $3,189,456,965 |
| 1989 | - | $3,175,638,333 |
| 1990 | - | $3,931,334,875 |
| 1991 | - | $3,254,713,056 |
| 1992 | - | $3,714,966,678 |
| 1993 | $4,013,091,682 | $4,063,298,919 |
| 1994 | $4,123,011,420 | $3,522,227,092 |
| 1995 | $4,502,970,889 | $3,838,100,904 |
| 1996 | $4,786,018,988 | $4,931,861,039 |
| 1997 | $5,154,420,649 | $4,262,965,420 |
| 1998 | $5,674,080,543 | $4,401,967,633 |
| 1999 | $5,756,912,266 | $4,277,903,780 |
| 2000 | $5,686,579,748 | $4,629,247,204 |
| 2001 | $6,250,218,423 | $5,438,332,602 |
| 2002 | $7,370,119,619 | $5,351,701,663 |
| 2003 | $9,876,595,528 | $6,372,498,890 |
| 2004 | $12,148,595,031 | $5,064,732,626 |
| 2005 | $14,109,491,357 | $5,859,269,753 |
| 2006 | $17,025,671,810 | $6,395,712,491 |
| 2007 | $22,450,264,166 | $8,524,620,890 |
| 2008 | $24,342,935,404 | $10,725,137,724 |
| 2009 | $19,633,984,440 | $9,616,879,409 |
| 2010 | $19,524,355,419 | $9,982,711,338 |
| 2011 | $23,303,915,795 | $11,551,819,618 |
| 2012 | $23,237,406,116 | $11,578,975,062 |
| 2013 | $25,451,032,781 | $12,423,555,455 |
| 2014 | $27,055,689,003 | $12,522,957,399 |
| 2015 | $23,311,847,751 | $11,323,020,701 |
| 2016 | $24,561,027,788 | $11,848,613,858 |
| 2017 | $27,469,461,919 | $13,176,313,594 |
| 2018 | $31,222,632,741 | $13,760,033,282 |
| 2019 | $31,873,748,770 | $14,104,664,679 |
| 2020 | $31,820,771,494 | $13,051,441,204 |
| 2021 | $37,204,563,051 | $14,354,731,964 |
| 2022 | $38,376,046,175 | $15,325,603,273 |
| 2023 | $41,291,245,222 | $15,869,945,478 |
| 2024 | $42,764,929,169 | $17,420,814,801 |
Estonia and Madagascar economies compared
GDP per capita
Estonia
Madagascar
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
| 1960 | - | $131.7 |
| 1961 | - | $133.3 |
| 1962 | - | $137.3 |
| 1963 | - | $137.4 |
| 1964 | - | $141.5 |
| 1965 | - | $143.2 |
| 1966 | - | $150.7 |
| 1967 | - | $155.9 |
| 1968 | - | $163.6 |
| 1969 | - | $162.9 |
| 1970 | - | $166.6 |
| 1971 | - | $174.6 |
| 1972 | - | $189.6 |
| 1973 | - | $226.8 |
| 1974 | - | $255.3 |
| 1975 | - | $295 |
| 1976 | - | $273.5 |
| 1977 | - | $286.9 |
| 1978 | - | $315 |
| 1979 | - | $396 |
| 1980 | - | $578 |
| 1981 | - | $513 |
| 1982 | - | $501 |
| 1983 | - | $476 |
| 1984 | - | $385 |
| 1985 | - | $364 |
| 1986 | - | $405 |
| 1987 | - | $290.8 |
| 1988 | - | $280.5 |
| 1989 | - | $271.3 |
| 1990 | - | $326 |
| 1991 | - | $262 |
| 1992 | - | $290.2 |
| 1993 | $2,686 | $308 |
| 1994 | $2,819 | $258.7 |
| 1995 | $3,134 | $273.1 |
| 1996 | $3,381 | $340 |
| 1997 | $3,683 | $284.4 |
| 1998 | $4,093 | $284.2 |
| 1999 | $4,141 | $267.4 |
| 2000 | $4,071 | $280.3 |
| 2001 | $4,503 | $319 |
| 2002 | $5,343 | $305 |
| 2003 | $7,205 | $353 |
| 2004 | $8,916 | $272.2 |
| 2005 | $10,415 | $306 |
| 2006 | $12,641 | $324 |
| 2007 | $16,745 | $420 |
| 2008 | $18,206 | $513 |
| 2009 | $14,712 | $446 |
| 2010 | $14,664 | $450 |
| 2011 | $17,556 | $506 |
| 2012 | $17,568 | $494 |
| 2013 | $19,310 | $515 |
| 2014 | $20,582 | $506 |
| 2015 | $17,722 | $445 |
| 2016 | $18,666 | $454 |
| 2017 | $20,852 | $492 |
| 2018 | $23,618 | $500 |
| 2019 | $24,021 | $500 |
| 2020 | $23,934 | $451 |
| 2021 | $27,954 | $483 |
| 2022 | $28,451 | $504 |
| 2023 | $30,133 | $509 |
| 2024 | $31,170 | $545 |
Estonia vs. Madagascar life expectancy calculator
Life expectancy
Estonia
Madagascar
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
| 1950 | 66.4 | 39.7 |
| 1951 | 66.8 | 39.9 |
| 1952 | 67.2 | 40.3 |
| 1953 | 67.5 | 40.7 |
| 1954 | 67.8 | 40.9 |
| 1955 | 68.2 | 41.3 |
| 1956 | 68.5 | 41.7 |
| 1957 | 68.8 | 42.1 |
| 1958 | 68.8 | 42.5 |
| 1959 | 68.7 | 43 |
| 1960 | 69.3 | 43.3 |
| 1961 | 69.6 | 43.8 |
| 1962 | 69.8 | 44.2 |
| 1963 | 69.9 | 44.6 |
| 1964 | 70.6 | 45 |
| 1965 | 70.7 | 45.4 |
| 1966 | 70.7 | 46 |
| 1967 | 71 | 46.5 |
| 1968 | 70.6 | 46.9 |
| 1969 | 70.3 | 47.3 |
| 1970 | 70.4 | 47.9 |
| 1971 | 70.6 | 48.2 |
| 1972 | 70.4 | 48.5 |
| 1973 | 70.7 | 48.9 |
| 1974 | 70.8 | 49.3 |
| 1975 | 70.1 | 49.6 |
| 1976 | 69.7 | 49.8 |
| 1977 | 69.8 | 49.9 |
| 1978 | 69.7 | 50 |
| 1979 | 69.4 | 50.1 |
| 1980 | 69.5 | 50 |
| 1981 | 69.3 | 49.8 |
| 1982 | 69.9 | 50 |
| 1983 | 69.8 | 50.1 |
| 1984 | 69.6 | 50.2 |
| 1985 | 69.8 | 50.4 |
| 1986 | 70.9 | 50.7 |
| 1987 | 70.9 | 51.1 |
| 1988 | 71 | 51.4 |
| 1989 | 70.5 | 51.8 |
| 1990 | 69.9 | 52.1 |
| 1991 | 69.8 | 52.6 |
| 1992 | 69.2 | 52.9 |
| 1993 | 68.2 | 53.7 |
| 1994 | 66.7 | 54.2 |
| 1995 | 67.8 | 54.8 |
| 1996 | 70 | 55.5 |
| 1997 | 70.2 | 56.1 |
| 1998 | 69.8 | 56.8 |
| 1999 | 70.7 | 57.4 |
| 2000 | 71 | 58 |
| 2001 | 70.8 | 58.7 |
| 2002 | 71.4 | 59.2 |
| 2003 | 71.9 | 59.7 |
| 2004 | 72.4 | 60.2 |
| 2005 | 73 | 60.7 |
| 2006 | 73.2 | 61.1 |
| 2007 | 73.2 | 61.5 |
| 2008 | 74.3 | 62 |
| 2009 | 75.2 | 62.3 |
| 2010 | 75.9 | 62.6 |
| 2011 | 76.3 | 62.9 |
| 2012 | 76.4 | 63 |
| 2013 | 77.3 | 63.2 |
| 2014 | 77.1 | 63.3 |
| 2015 | 77.7 | 63.4 |
| 2016 | 77.8 | 63.4 |
| 2017 | 78.2 | 63.4 |
| 2018 | 78.3 | 63.5 |
| 2019 | 78.8 | 63.5 |
| 2020 | 78.9 | 62.7 |
| 2021 | 77.4 | 62.5 |
| 2022 | 78.2 | 63.1 |
| 2023 | 79.2 | 63.6 |
| 2024 | 79.3 | 63.8 |
| 2025 | 79.5 | 64 |
Estonia and Madagascar population clocks and comparison
Population
Estonia
Madagascar
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
| 1960 | 1,211,537 | 5,111,029 |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 | 5,246,158 |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 | 5,384,150 |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 | 5,525,185 |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 | 5,669,863 |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 | 5,819,116 |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 | 5,974,279 |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 | 6,136,486 |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 | 6,306,493 |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 | 6,484,716 |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 | 6,672,003 |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 | 6,868,868 |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 | 7,074,398 |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 | 7,288,048 |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 | 7,509,726 |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 | 7,739,336 |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 | 7,976,831 |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 | 8,222,240 |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 | 8,475,864 |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 | 8,737,581 |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 | 9,006,032 |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 | 9,279,011 |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 | 9,557,671 |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 | 9,843,044 |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 | 10,134,550 |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 | 10,433,142 |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 | 10,736,857 |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 | 11,047,291 |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 | 11,369,462 |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 | 11,704,998 |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 | 12,055,639 |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 | 12,421,412 |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 | 12,800,870 |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 | 13,197,345 |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 | 13,613,850 |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 | 14,051,275 |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 | 14,510,711 |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 | 14,990,814 |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 | 15,489,364 |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 | 16,000,506 |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 | 16,516,338 |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 | 17,032,939 |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 | 17,549,913 |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 | 18,071,854 |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 | 18,606,608 |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 | 19,159,707 |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 | 19,730,909 |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 | 20,318,583 |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 | 20,923,840 |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 | 21,547,280 |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 | 22,183,340 |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 | 22,822,300 |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 | 23,462,438 |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 | 24,109,290 |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 | 24,764,348 |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 | 25,426,702 |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 | 26,099,952 |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 | 26,788,375 |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 | 27,494,926 |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 | 28,219,554 |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 | 28,953,556 |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 | 29,691,083 |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 | 30,437,261 |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 | 31,195,932 |
| 2024 | 1,371,986 | 31,964,956 |
Fertility rates in Estonia and Madagascar
Fertility rate
Estonia
Madagascar
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
| 1960 | 1.98 | 7.34 |
| 1961 | 1.98 | 7.3 |
| 1962 | 1.95 | 7.26 |
| 1963 | 1.89 | 7.21 |
| 1964 | 1.94 | 7.19 |
| 1965 | 1.88 | 7.17 |
| 1966 | 1.87 | 7.16 |
| 1967 | 1.9 | 7.14 |
| 1968 | 2.03 | 7.13 |
| 1969 | 2.13 | 7.12 |
| 1970 | 2.17 | 7.1 |
| 1971 | 2.19 | 7.07 |
| 1972 | 2.13 | 7.04 |
| 1973 | 2.06 | 7.01 |
| 1974 | 2.07 | 6.99 |
| 1975 | 2.04 | 6.97 |
| 1976 | 2.07 | 6.95 |
| 1977 | 2.06 | 6.93 |
| 1978 | 2.02 | 6.9 |
| 1979 | 2 | 6.87 |
| 1980 | 2.02 | 6.84 |
| 1981 | 2.07 | 6.77 |
| 1982 | 2.07 | 6.7 |
| 1983 | 2.16 | 6.63 |
| 1984 | 2.17 | 6.55 |
| 1985 | 2.13 | 6.46 |
| 1986 | 2.18 | 6.34 |
| 1987 | 2.27 | 6.24 |
| 1988 | 2.27 | 6.18 |
| 1989 | 2.22 | 6.15 |
| 1990 | 2.05 | 6.14 |
| 1991 | 1.8 | 6.12 |
| 1992 | 1.71 | 6.08 |
| 1993 | 1.49 | 6.06 |
| 1994 | 1.42 | 6.04 |
| 1995 | 1.38 | 6.04 |
| 1996 | 1.37 | 6.03 |
| 1997 | 1.32 | 6.02 |
| 1998 | 1.28 | 5.99 |
| 1999 | 1.3 | 5.84 |
| 2000 | 1.36 | 5.67 |
| 2001 | 1.32 | 5.53 |
| 2002 | 1.36 | 5.41 |
| 2003 | 1.37 | 5.33 |
| 2004 | 1.47 | 5.26 |
| 2005 | 1.52 | 5.2 |
| 2006 | 1.58 | 5.13 |
| 2007 | 1.69 | 5.08 |
| 2008 | 1.72 | 5.04 |
| 2009 | 1.7 | 5 |
| 2010 | 1.72 | 4.9 |
| 2011 | 1.61 | 4.74 |
| 2012 | 1.56 | 4.61 |
| 2013 | 1.52 | 4.53 |
| 2014 | 1.54 | 4.42 |
| 2015 | 1.58 | 4.34 |
| 2016 | 1.6 | 4.29 |
| 2017 | 1.59 | 4.26 |
| 2018 | 1.67 | 4.25 |
| 2019 | 1.66 | 4.22 |
| 2020 | 1.58 | 4.17 |
| 2021 | 1.61 | 4.1 |
| 2022 | 1.41 | 4.04 |
| 2023 | 1.31 | 3.97 |
Estonia and Madagascar demographics compared
Median age
Estonia
Madagascar
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
| 1960 | 32.2 | 17.9 |
| 1961 | 32.4 | 17.5 |
| 1962 | 32.5 | 17.2 |
| 1963 | 32.7 | 17 |
| 1964 | 32.8 | 16.8 |
| 1965 | 33 | 16.8 |
| 1966 | 33.2 | 16.7 |
| 1967 | 33.4 | 16.7 |
| 1968 | 33.6 | 16.7 |
| 1969 | 33.7 | 16.6 |
| 1970 | 33.7 | 16.7 |
| 1971 | 33.8 | 16.7 |
| 1972 | 33.9 | 16.6 |
| 1973 | 34.1 | 16.6 |
| 1974 | 34.2 | 16.6 |
| 1975 | 34.2 | 16.6 |
| 1976 | 34.3 | 16.6 |
| 1977 | 34.3 | 16.5 |
| 1978 | 34.2 | 16.5 |
| 1979 | 34 | 16.5 |
| 1980 | 33.9 | 16.4 |
| 1981 | 33.8 | 16.4 |
| 1982 | 33.8 | 16.4 |
| 1983 | 33.9 | 16.4 |
| 1984 | 33.9 | 16.5 |
| 1985 | 33.9 | 16.5 |
| 1986 | 34 | 16.6 |
| 1987 | 34 | 16.6 |
| 1988 | 34.1 | 16.7 |
| 1989 | 34.2 | 16.8 |
| 1990 | 34.3 | 16.9 |
| 1991 | 34.6 | 16.9 |
| 1992 | 35 | 17 |
| 1993 | 35.6 | 17 |
| 1994 | 36 | 17.1 |
| 1995 | 36.3 | 17.1 |
| 1996 | 36.7 | 17.1 |
| 1997 | 37 | 17.1 |
| 1998 | 37.3 | 17.2 |
| 1999 | 37.6 | 17.2 |
| 2000 | 38 | 17.2 |
| 2001 | 38.3 | 17.2 |
| 2002 | 38.5 | 17.2 |
| 2003 | 38.8 | 17.2 |
| 2004 | 39.1 | 17.3 |
| 2005 | 39.3 | 17.3 |
| 2006 | 39.6 | 17.4 |
| 2007 | 39.7 | 17.5 |
| 2008 | 39.8 | 17.6 |
| 2009 | 40 | 17.7 |
| 2010 | 40.3 | 17.8 |
| 2011 | 40.6 | 17.9 |
| 2012 | 40.9 | 18.1 |
| 2013 | 41.1 | 18.2 |
| 2014 | 41.4 | 18.4 |
| 2015 | 41.5 | 18.6 |
| 2016 | 41.7 | 18.7 |
| 2017 | 41.9 | 18.9 |
| 2018 | 42 | 19.1 |
| 2019 | 42.2 | 19.3 |
| 2020 | 42.4 | 19.4 |
| 2021 | 42.5 | 19.6 |
| 2022 | 42.7 | 19.7 |
| 2023 | 42.9 | 19.9 |
| 2024 | 43.3 | 20 |
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Estonia and Madagascar.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$39.4B
2024 |
$16.4B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
44.4%
2025 |
15.7%
2025 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
5.21%
2022 |
3.05%
2023 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
2.87%
2023 |
0.66%
2023 |
| Armed forces personnel |
7,000
2020 |
22,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-2.69%
2025 |
-3.88%
2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
7.5%
2024 |
3.19%
2022 |
| Services, % of GDP |
65.1%
2024 |
46.4%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
20.5%
2024 |
22.8%
2024 |
| Economic freedom index |
78.9
2025 |
57
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.7%
2023 |
29.6%
2021 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.1%
2023 |
2.9%
2021 |
| Number of billionaires |
2
2025 |
n/a |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.0002%
2025 |
n/a |
| Listed domestic companies |
14
2003 |
n/a |
| Total reserves including gold |
$2.07B
2024 |
$2.78B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$496M
2024 |
$385M
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
1,695,000
2020 |
87,099
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
3.98%
2020 |
7.8%
2020 |
| Banked people share |
98.9%
2024 |
24.5%
2024 |
Energy
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
3,089 kg
2023 |
309 kg
2022 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$15.1
2023 |
$5.56
2022 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
11.4 megatons
2023 |
4.1 megatons
2023 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
8.35 tons
2023 |
0.13 tons
2023 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
60.9%
2023 |
0%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
38%
2021 |
83.1%
2022 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
2.9%
2023 |
0.8%
2022 |
| Net energy imports use share |
3.77%
2023 |
13.7%
2017 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
5,722 kWh
2023 |
81.3 kWh
2022 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
40%
2021 |
34%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.42%
2023 |
31.5%
2022 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
39.4%
2023 |
Society
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
0.39%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-7,742
2024 |
-1,795
2024 |
| Urban population |
70%
2024 |
41.2%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
50:50
2024 |
| Average male height |
6 ft
2025 |
5.42 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.53 ft
2025 |
5.02 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
82
2025 |
23.6
2025 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
76
2024 |
26
2024 |
| Higher education index |
81
2025 |
29
2025 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.54
2023 |
7.69
2015 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
4.5
2019 |
29.2
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
173
2025 |
70
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
77.5%
2022 |
| English speaking |
50.2%
2023 |
18%
2023 |
| People using the Internet |
92.2%
2024 |
20.4%
2023 |
Health
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$1,999
2022 |
$16.3
2022 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$463
2022 |
$5.27
2022 |
| Life expectancy |
79.5 years
2025 |
64 years
2025 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.01%
2022 |
32.8%
2022 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.44
2021 |
0.2
2018 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28.7 years
2023 |
19.5 years
2025 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
5
2023 |
445
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
2.1
2023 |
64.8
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
22.8%
2022 |
4.45%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
6.9%
2024 |
4.6%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
95
2025 |
38
2025 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
28.3%
2022 |
26.8%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
10.7 liters
2020 |
0.99 liters
2020 |
Territory
|
Estonia
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.03%
2025 |
0.39%
2025 |
| Land area per capita |
12,025 sq mi
2024 |
7,028 sq mi
2024 |
| Agricultural land area |
3,815 sq mi
2025 |
157,896 sq mi
2025 |
| Forest area |
9,415 sq mi
2025 |
47,839 sq mi
2025 |
| Roads length | n/a |
19,660 mi
2018 |
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