Madagascar birth & fertility rate decline on charts

Madagascar has a birth rate of 32.1 (annual births per 1,000 people) and a fertility rate of 3.97 (the average number of children a woman is expected to have over her lifetime based on current age-specific birth rates).

In 1960, the fertility rate in Madagascar was 7.34 children per woman — 1.85 times higher than in 2023.

Madagascar birth rate statistics:

Madagascar is ranked 21/196 by birth rate now and was ranked 48/194 in 1960.
The mean age at first birth in Madagascar is 19.5 — it was 19.5 in 2017.
The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 27.8, a change from 29.3 in 1990.
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) changed from 175.2 in 1960 to 129.8 in 2023.
24.7% of the population in 2024 is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), a change from 20.1% in 1960.

Fertility rate in Madagascar by year

1x

Year	Fertility rate	Rank
2023	3.97	28
2022	4.04	28
2021	4.1	28
2020	4.17	29
2019	4.22	30
2018	4.25	32
2017	4.26	34
2016	4.29	34
2015	4.34	37
2014	4.42	37
2013	4.53	36
2012	4.61	36
2011	4.74	33
2010	4.9	32
2009	5	33
2008	5.04	33
2007	5.08	34
2006	5.13	33
2005	5.2	33
2004	5.26	33
2003	5.33	33
2002	5.41	32
2001	5.53	31
2000	5.67	30
1999	5.84	27
1998	5.99	22
1997	6.02	23
1996	6.03	23
1995	6.04	25
1994	6.04	28
1993	6.06	30
1992	6.08	33
1991	6.12	35
1990	6.14	35
1989	6.15	37
1988	6.18	38
1987	6.24	39
1986	6.34	40
1985	6.46	38
1984	6.55	37
1983	6.63	35
1982	6.7	32
1981	6.77	33
1980	6.84	34
1979	6.87	34
1978	6.9	31
1977	6.93	30
1976	6.95	29
1975	6.97	31
1974	6.99	31
1973	7.01	29
1972	7.04	30
1971	7.07	28
1970	7.1	28
1969	7.12	27
1968	7.13	27
1967	7.14	28
1966	7.16	25
1965	7.17	23
1964	7.19	22
1963	7.21	23
1962	7.26	18
1961	7.3	16
1960	7.34	16

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/madagascar | CC BY

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Madagascar is 3.97, which is above the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. In 1993, the fertility rate was 6.06 — a 34.5% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart above shows the historical changes in fertility rate and ranking compared to other countries, where a lower rank number indicates a higher relative fertility rate.

Births, deaths, and natural population change by year

1x

Year	People
Year	Natural change	Births	Deaths
2023	766,391	1,001,233	234,842
2022	753,931	989,150	235,219
2021	741,416	977,163	235,747
2020	736,607	964,442	227,835
2019	735,853	948,007	212,154
2018	719,267	925,231	205,964
2017	699,498	899,875	200,377
2016	682,801	877,297	194,496
2015	668,977	858,685	189,708
2014	660,837	846,445	185,608
2013	654,230	835,917	181,687
2012	644,255	822,616	178,361
2011	640,577	815,920	175,343
2010	641,543	815,149	173,606
2009	634,008	805,782	171,774
2008	615,580	785,418	169,838
2007	597,772	767,107	169,335
2006	581,489	749,912	168,423
2005	568,143	736,614	168,471
2004	556,319	725,211	168,892
2003	544,903	714,073	169,170
2002	535,518	705,541	170,023
2001	529,656	700,326	170,670
2000	520,860	693,686	172,826
1999	516,976	690,437	173,461
1998	508,408	682,740	174,332
1997	490,905	665,817	174,912
1996	471,453	646,452	174,999
1995	450,259	625,014	174,755
1994	428,169	602,385	174,216
1993	408,801	581,950	173,149
1992	388,430	562,534	174,104
1991	375,040	547,647	172,607
1990	360,621	531,726	171,105
1989	344,279	513,264	168,985
1988	330,510	498,039	167,529
1987	317,621	483,451	165,830
1986	307,074	472,249	165,175
1985	304,199	467,540	163,341
1984	296,892	457,615	160,723
1983	290,085	447,494	157,409
1982	284,733	438,773	154,040
1981	277,535	428,736	151,201
1980	275,287	421,608	146,321
1979	270,752	412,571	141,819
1978	263,684	401,510	137,826
1977	255,399	389,421	134,022
1976	247,026	377,742	130,716
1975	238,774	366,596	127,822
1974	230,233	355,690	125,457
1973	221,768	345,358	123,590
1972	213,138	335,036	121,898
1971	204,617	324,286	119,669
1970	194,889	312,423	117,534
1969	184,562	301,260	116,698
1968	175,869	291,025	115,156
1967	167,287	281,425	114,138
1966	159,483	272,773	113,290
1965	152,362	265,223	112,861
1964	146,894	258,970	112,076
1963	142,666	254,103	111,437
1962	139,412	250,400	110,988
1961	136,578	246,920	110,342
1960	133,684	243,494	109,810

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/madagascar | CC BY

Over the past 10 years, the natural population change in Madagascar (from births and deaths only, excluding migration) has been +2.57% annually. On average, 716,557 more people were born each year than died.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was 2.46% — 766,391 more people were born than died.

In 2023, Madagascar ranks 22/196 for absolute natural population change and 22/196 for natural change rate, where a lower rank number indicates faster natural growth and a higher number indicates greater decline.

Birth rates in Madagascar compared to other countries

	Madagascar	Rank
Fertility rate	3.97	28/196
Birth rate	32.1	21/196
Population change due to births and deaths	+766,391	22/196
Natural population change rate	+2.46%	22/196
Population growth	+2.47%	29/197
Age at first childbirth	19.5 years	123/137
Average age at childbearing	27.8 years	168/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19	127.7	7/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29	171.3	38/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+	52.7	35/197
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population	24.7%	88/196
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49	42.7%	97/179
Share of births attended by skilled health staff	45.8%	184/191
Maternal mortality per live birth	0.45%	12/193
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age)	2.38%	29/193
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age)	4.42%	21/196
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age	6.48%	18/192
Life expectancy	64.3 years	176/197

Birth rates by women's age

Annual births per 1,000 women

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 women
Year	Total	15-19	20-29	30+
2026	60.8	127.7	171.3	52.7
2025	61.6	128.8	174	53.6
2024	62.5	130.3	177.1	54.6
2023	63.2	131.3	179.8	55.7
2022	64.1	133	182.7	56.7
2021	64.9	134.4	185.7	58
2020	65.7	136.2	188.8	59.1
2019	66.3	137.4	191.3	60.2
2018	66.3	137.3	192.4	61
2017	66.2	137.1	193	61.5
2016	66.1	136.7	194.5	62.2
2015	66.3	137.4	196.2	63.4
2014	67	139.1	199.4	65.3
2013	67.8	139	203	68.1
2012	68.5	140.2	205.6	70.3
2011	69.9	142.5	209.9	73.2
2010	71.8	146	216.1	76.5
2009	73.1	148.1	221.2	78.4
2008	73.5	146.2	223.7	79.5
2007	74	145.8	227.3	79.9
2006	74.6	145	229	81.3
2005	75.3	146	231.2	82.8
2004	76.4	147.7	234.1	84
2003	77.4	148.8	237.2	85.2
2002	78.8	149.8	242.7	86.3
2001	80.7	151.6	248.6	88.3
2000	82.6	149.3	255.3	91.9
1999	84.9	147.7	263.2	96.3
1998	86.9	146	267.8	101.3
1997	87.6	148.3	269.1	102.1
1996	87.9	150	269.3	102.6
1995	87.8	145.5	270.8	103.5
1994	87.3	139.1	270.5	105.4
1993	87	133.3	270.9	107.3
1992	86.8	128.9	271.6	108.9
1991	87.2	132.3	272.3	109.4
1990	87.3	134.9	272.1	109.6
1989	86.8	132.8	271.2	110.2
1988	86.8	134.1	271	110.5
1987	86.7	130.7	270.7	112.5
1986	87.2	123.9	276.2	114.4
1985	88.7	134.9	280.4	113.7
1984	89.4	136.2	283.1	114.5
1983	90.1	136.8	287.2	114.3
1982	91	145.7	288.5	113.1
1981	91.6	146.7	291.7	112.6
1980	92.7	157.3	295.2	109.9
1979	93.5	165.6	298.4	107
1978	93.8	168.2	302	105.7
1977	93.9	169.8	304	105.9
1976	93.9	171.3	304	106.4
1975	93.9	175.5	305	106.2
1974	94	179.6	308	106
1973	94.2	185.2	310	105.4
1972	94.4	190.6	311	105.8
1971	94.2	190.6	314	106.3
1970	93.4	181	318	107.4
1969	92.8	175.2	322	107.9
1968	92.3	174.5	322	107.7
1967	91.9	170.7	324	107.4
1966	91.7	168.7	327	106.6
1965	91.8	170.4	330	105.4
1964	92.2	174.6	333	103.9
1963	92.8	174.3	337	102.2
1962	94	175	341	100.7
1961	95.2	175.9	346	99
1960	96.6	176.9	352	97.4

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/madagascar | CC BY

Above is a chart displaying birth rates in Madagascar by maternal age. In 2026, of all live births, 21.9% will be to women under age 20, 49.7% to women ages 20-29, and 28.4% to women ages 30 and above. The respective shares in 1990 were 16.7%, 49.8%, and 33.5%.

Children 0-14 years as share of population by year

1x

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
Year	Madagascar	World
2100	21.5%	16.5%
2099	21.6%	16.6%
2098	21.8%	16.6%
2097	21.9%	16.7%
2096	22.1%	16.8%
2095	22.2%	16.8%
2094	22.3%	16.9%
2093	22.5%	17%
2092	22.6%	17%
2091	22.8%	17.1%
2090	22.9%	17.2%
2089	23.1%	17.2%
2088	23.3%	17.3%
2087	23.4%	17.4%
2086	23.6%	17.4%
2085	23.7%	17.5%
2084	23.9%	17.5%
2083	24.1%	17.6%
2082	24.3%	17.7%
2081	24.4%	17.7%
2080	24.6%	17.8%
2079	24.8%	17.8%
2078	25%	17.9%
2077	25.2%	17.9%
2076	25.4%	18%
2075	25.6%	18%
2074	25.8%	18.1%
2073	26%	18.2%
2072	26.2%	18.2%
2071	26.4%	18.3%
2070	26.6%	18.3%
2069	26.9%	18.4%
2068	27.1%	18.5%
2067	27.3%	18.6%
2066	27.5%	18.6%
2065	27.7%	18.7%
2064	28%	18.8%
2063	28.2%	18.9%
2062	28.4%	19.1%
2061	28.7%	19.2%
2060	28.9%	19.3%
2059	29.1%	19.4%
2058	29.4%	19.5%
2057	29.6%	19.6%
2056	29.9%	19.8%
2055	30.1%	19.9%
2054	30.4%	20%
2053	30.6%	20.1%
2052	30.9%	20.2%
2051	31.2%	20.3%
2050	31.4%	20.4%
2049	31.7%	20.5%
2048	32%	20.6%
2047	32.3%	20.7%
2046	32.6%	20.8%
2045	32.9%	20.9%
2044	33.2%	20.9%
2043	33.5%	21%
2042	33.8%	21.1%
2041	34.1%	21.2%
2040	34.5%	21.2%
2039	34.8%	21.3%
2038	35.1%	21.4%
2037	35.5%	21.5%
2036	35.8%	21.6%
2035	36.2%	21.8%
2034	36.5%	22%
2033	36.9%	22.2%
2032	37.2%	22.4%
2031	37.4%	22.7%
2030	37.7%	23%
2029	38%	23.3%
2028	38.2%	23.6%
2027	38.5%	23.9%
2026	38.8%	24.2%
2025	39.1%	24.6%
2024	39.3%	24.7%
2023	39.6%	25%
2022	39.9%	25.3%
2021	40.1%	25.6%
2020	40.4%	25.8%
2019	40.7%	26%
2018	40.9%	26.2%
2017	41.2%	26.4%
2016	41.6%	26.5%
2015	42%	26.6%
2014	42.4%	26.8%
2013	42.8%	26.9%
2012	43.3%	27%
2011	43.7%	27.1%
2010	44%	27.3%
2009	44.3%	27.5%
2008	44.6%	27.6%
2007	44.8%	27.9%
2006	45%	28.1%
2005	45.2%	28.5%
2004	45.3%	28.8%
2003	45.4%	29.2%
2002	45.4%	29.6%
2001	45.4%	30%
2000	45.4%	30.4%
1999	45.4%	30.8%
1998	45.4%	31.1%
1997	45.3%	31.5%
1996	45.3%	31.8%
1995	45.3%	32.1%
1994	45.4%	32.3%
1993	45.5%	32.5%
1992	45.6%	32.7%
1991	45.7%	32.9%
1990	45.9%	33%
1989	46.1%	33.2%
1988	46.3%	33.4%
1987	46.5%	33.6%
1986	46.7%	33.8%
1985	46.8%	34%
1984	46.9%	34.3%
1983	47%	34.6%
1982	47.1%	34.9%
1981	47.1%	35.2%
1980	47%	35.5%
1979	46.9%	35.9%
1978	46.8%	36.3%
1977	46.7%	36.7%
1976	46.6%	36.9%
1975	46.5%	37.1%
1974	46.5%	37.2%
1973	46.4%	37.3%
1972	46.4%	37.5%
1971	46.4%	37.6%
1970	46.4%	37.7%
1969	46.4%	37.8%
1968	46.5%	37.9%
1967	46.5%	38%
1966	46.6%	38%
1965	46.7%	38%
1964	46.8%	38%
1963	46.7%	37.8%
1962	46.3%	37.6%
1961	45.8%	37.5%
1960	45.2%	37.4%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/madagascar | CC BY

The share of children aged 0-14 in Madagascar was 45.2% in 1960, 45.6% in 1992, and 39.3% as of the latest data in 2024.

More about the demographics of Madagascar.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/madagascar | CC BY

Maternal mortality by year

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
Year	Madagascar	World
2023	445	197
2022	439	203
2021	467	242
2020	447	211
2019	462	207
2018	466	211
2017	469	215
2016	470	220
2015	474	228
2014	477	231
2013	481	235
2012	487	239
2011	492	247
2010	500	253
2009	507	258
2008	510	264
2007	522	269
2006	528	276
2005	540	283
2004	555	291
2003	571	301
2002	593	311
2001	611	321
2000	638	328
1999	647	340
1998	663	360
1997	676	358
1996	680	366
1995	684	371
1994	688	382
1993	688	389
1992	699	395
1991	691	395
1990	692	391
1989	684	401
1988	687	414
1987	702	429
1986	730	438
1985	751	460

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/madagascar | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate in Madagascar was 445 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.45% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a 30.3% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Under-five mortality by year

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
Year	Madagascar	World
2023	6.48%	2.49%
2022	6.57%	2.59%
2021	6.62%	2.66%
2020	6.63%	2.75%
2019	6.61%	2.86%
2018	6.58%	2.97%
2017	6.57%	3.11%
2016	6.57%	3.22%
2015	6.58%	3.35%
2014	6.62%	3.48%
2013	6.69%	3.61%
2012	6.77%	3.77%
2011	6.9%	3.97%
2010	7.07%	4.11%
2009	7.28%	4.31%
2008	7.53%	4.5%
2007	7.81%	4.7%
2006	8.12%	4.92%
2005	8.46%	5.16%
2004	8.82%	5.43%
2003	9.2%	5.65%
2002	9.6%	5.94%
2001	10%	6.21%
2000	10.5%	6.48%
1999	11%	6.75%
1998	11.5%	7.05%
1997	12%	7.28%
1996	12.6%	7.52%
1995	13.1%	7.76%
1994	13.5%	7.98%
1993	14%	8.19%
1992	14.5%	8.46%
1991	15%	8.66%
1990	15.6%	8.81%
1989	16.1%	9.02%
1988	16.6%	9.31%
1987	17.1%	9.47%
1986	17.5%	9.81%
1985	17.7%	10.1%
1984	17.8%	10.4%
1983	17.8%	10.6%
1982	17.6%	10.8%
1981	17.4%	11%
1980	17.1%	11.4%
1979	16.9%	11.7%
1978	16.7%	12.2%
1977	16.5%	12.6%
1976	16.3%	13%
1975	16.1%	13.4%
1974	15.8%	13.8%
1973	15.6%	14.1%
1972	15.3%	14.5%
1971	15.1%	15.1%
1970	14.9%	15.2%
1969	14.7%	15.4%
1968	14.6%	15.6%
1967	-	15.9%
1966	-	16.1%
1965	-	16.4%
1964	-	16.6%
1963	-	16.5%
1962	-	16.7%
1961	-	17%
1960	-	17.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/madagascar | CC BY

The under-5 mortality rate in Madagascar was 64.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 6.48% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 105 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.