Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 155/197), compared with 12.2M in South Sudan (ranked 81/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 243,990 sq mi for South Sudan (ranked 129th vs. 41st).
By GDP, Estonia ranks 101/197 ($47B) and South Sudan ranks 151/197 ($12B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 37/197 ($34,418), while South Sudan ranks 180/197 ($1,080).
Main facts and rankings
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1347027
|
12565048
|
| Population rank | 155/197 | 80/197 |
| GDP |
$47B
2025 |
$12B
2015 |
| GDP rank | 101/197 | 151/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$34,418
2025 |
$1,080
2015 |
| GDP per capita rank | 37/197 | 180/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$49,969
2024 |
$1,155
2015 |
| Government debt |
$11.4B
2025 |
$6.98B
2015 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
24.2%
2025 |
62.1%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$8,325
2025 |
$628
2015 |
| Government debt per person rank | 67/185 | 160/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$23,647
2026 |
$1,514
2026 |
| Land area | 16,498 sq mi | 243,990 sq mi |
| Population density |
81.6 ppl/mi²
2026 |
51 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.18
2024 |
3.79
2024 |
| Median age |
43.8 years
2025 |
19.7 years
2025 |
| Life expectancy |
79.6 years
2026 |
58 years
2026 |
Estonia and South Sudan: Comparison Charts
Estonia and South Sudan economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2025 | $47,030,833,799 | - |
| 2024 | $43,130,419,829 | - |
| 2023 | $41,470,344,395 | - |
| 2022 | $38,226,641,740 | - |
| 2021 | $37,201,101,171 | - |
| 2020 | $31,820,771,494 | - |
| 2019 | $31,873,748,770 | - |
| 2018 | $31,222,632,741 | - |
| 2017 | $27,469,461,919 | - |
| 2016 | $24,561,027,788 | - |
| 2015 | $23,311,847,751 | $11,997,800,760 |
| 2014 | $27,055,689,003 | $13,962,212,847 |
| 2013 | $25,451,032,781 | $18,426,469,017 |
| 2012 | $23,237,406,116 | $11,931,472,169 |
| 2011 | $23,303,915,795 | $14,907,308,933 |
| 2010 | $19,524,355,419 | $14,602,072,411 |
| 2009 | $19,633,984,440 | $12,231,264,525 |
| 2008 | $24,342,935,404 | $14,586,253,383 |
| 2007 | $22,450,264,166 | - |
| 2006 | $17,025,671,810 | - |
| 2005 | $14,109,491,357 | - |
| 2004 | $12,148,595,031 | - |
| 2003 | $9,876,595,528 | - |
| 2002 | $7,370,119,619 | - |
| 2001 | $6,250,218,423 | - |
| 2000 | $5,686,579,748 | - |
| 1999 | $5,756,912,266 | - |
| 1998 | $5,674,080,543 | - |
| 1997 | $5,154,420,649 | - |
| 1996 | $4,786,018,988 | - |
| 1995 | $4,502,970,889 | - |
| 1994 | $4,123,011,420 | - |
| 1993 | $4,013,091,682 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1993–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/south-sudan | CC BY 
Estonia and South Sudan economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2025 | $34,418 | - |
| 2024 | $31,428 | - |
| 2023 | $30,264 | - |
| 2022 | $28,340 | - |
| 2021 | $27,951 | - |
| 2020 | $23,934 | - |
| 2019 | $24,021 | - |
| 2018 | $23,618 | - |
| 2017 | $20,852 | - |
| 2016 | $18,666 | - |
| 2015 | $17,722 | $1,080 |
| 2014 | $20,582 | $1,243 |
| 2013 | $19,310 | $1,650 |
| 2012 | $17,568 | $1,109 |
| 2011 | $17,556 | $1,449 |
| 2010 | $14,664 | $1,498 |
| 2009 | $14,712 | $1,323 |
| 2008 | $18,206 | $1,654 |
| 2007 | $16,745 | - |
| 2006 | $12,641 | - |
| 2005 | $10,415 | - |
| 2004 | $8,916 | - |
| 2003 | $7,205 | - |
| 2002 | $5,343 | - |
| 2001 | $4,503 | - |
| 2000 | $4,071 | - |
| 1999 | $4,141 | - |
| 1998 | $4,093 | - |
| 1997 | $3,683 | - |
| 1996 | $3,381 | - |
| 1995 | $3,134 | - |
| 1994 | $2,819 | - |
| 1993 | $2,686 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1993–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/south-sudan | CC BY
Estonia vs. South Sudan life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2026 | 79.6 | 58 |
| 2025 | 79.5 | 57.9 |
| 2024 | 79.3 | 57.7 |
| 2023 | 79.2 | 57.6 |
| 2022 | 78.2 | 57.2 |
| 2021 | 77.4 | 57 |
| 2020 | 78.9 | 57.6 |
| 2019 | 78.8 | 58.1 |
| 2018 | 78.3 | 51.9 |
| 2017 | 78.2 | 35.4 |
| 2016 | 77.8 | 36.7 |
| 2015 | 77.7 | 39.8 |
| 2014 | 77.1 | 45.6 |
| 2013 | 77.3 | 58.3 |
| 2012 | 76.4 | 58.2 |
| 2011 | 76.3 | 57.7 |
| 2010 | 75.9 | 57.5 |
| 2009 | 75.2 | 56.8 |
| 2008 | 74.3 | 56.3 |
| 2007 | 73.2 | 55.4 |
| 2006 | 73.2 | 54.7 |
| 2005 | 73 | 54 |
| 2004 | 72.4 | 53.1 |
| 2003 | 71.9 | 52.3 |
| 2002 | 71.4 | 49.4 |
| 2001 | 70.8 | 48.6 |
| 2000 | 71 | 47.6 |
| 1999 | 70.7 | 44.5 |
| 1998 | 69.8 | 19 |
| 1997 | 70.2 | 33.1 |
| 1996 | 70 | 32.1 |
| 1995 | 67.8 | 31.5 |
| 1994 | 66.7 | 44.9 |
| 1993 | 68.2 | 22.3 |
| 1992 | 69.2 | 21.9 |
| 1991 | 69.8 | 29.2 |
| 1990 | 69.9 | 28.6 |
| 1989 | 70.5 | 28.2 |
| 1988 | 71 | 11 |
| 1987 | 70.9 | 20.7 |
| 1986 | 70.9 | 32.8 |
| 1985 | 69.8 | 32.4 |
| 1984 | 69.6 | 31.8 |
| 1983 | 69.8 | 34.7 |
| 1982 | 69.9 | 38.7 |
| 1981 | 69.3 | 38.3 |
| 1980 | 69.5 | 38 |
| 1979 | 69.4 | 37.8 |
| 1978 | 69.7 | 37.6 |
| 1977 | 69.8 | 37.4 |
| 1976 | 69.7 | 37.1 |
| 1975 | 70.1 | 36.9 |
| 1974 | 70.8 | 36.6 |
| 1973 | 70.7 | 36.3 |
| 1972 | 70.4 | 31.3 |
| 1971 | 70.6 | 31 |
| 1970 | 70.4 | 25.6 |
| 1969 | 70.3 | 25.4 |
| 1968 | 70.6 | 26.1 |
| 1967 | 71 | 25.9 |
| 1966 | 70.7 | 25.6 |
| 1965 | 70.7 | 28.8 |
| 1964 | 70.6 | 32.5 |
| 1963 | 69.9 | 28.2 |
| 1962 | 69.8 | 28.5 |
| 1961 | 69.6 | 28.3 |
| 1960 | 69.3 | 28.1 |
| 1959 | 68.7 | 27.8 |
| 1958 | 68.8 | 27.6 |
| 1957 | 68.8 | 30.9 |
| 1956 | 68.5 | 31.6 |
| 1955 | 68.2 | 32 |
| 1954 | 67.8 | 31.7 |
| 1953 | 67.5 | 31.4 |
| 1952 | 67.2 | 31 |
| 1951 | 66.8 | 30.6 |
| 1950 | 66.4 | 30.2 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/south-sudan | CC BY
Estonia and South Sudan population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2025 | 1,366,475 | 12,188,788 |
| 2024 | 1,372,341 | 11,943,408 |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 | 11,483,374 |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 | 11,021,177 |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 | 10,865,780 |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 | 10,698,467 |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 | 10,423,384 |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 | 10,122,977 |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 | 10,259,154 |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 | 10,830,102 |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 | 11,107,561 |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 | 11,235,073 |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 | 11,166,275 |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 | 10,756,240 |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 | 10,288,109 |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 | 9,745,953 |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 | 9,243,556 |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 | 8,817,647 |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 | 8,388,788 |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 | 7,976,526 |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 | 7,590,143 |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 | 7,233,041 |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 | 6,903,127 |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 | 6,596,806 |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 | 6,308,391 |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 | 6,032,267 |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 | 5,771,628 |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 | 5,620,068 |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 | 5,509,136 |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 | 5,356,925 |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 | 5,225,836 |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 | 5,071,184 |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 | 4,956,002 |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 | 4,909,749 |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 | 4,836,677 |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 | 4,737,633 |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 | 4,713,229 |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 | 4,848,029 |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 | 4,962,395 |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 | 4,921,240 |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 | 4,834,296 |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 | 4,750,627 |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 | 4,661,574 |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 | 4,557,686 |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 | 4,447,272 |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 | 4,339,030 |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 | 4,232,605 |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 | 4,127,657 |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 | 4,024,032 |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 | 3,921,910 |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 | 3,821,494 |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 | 3,723,259 |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 | 3,627,383 |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 | 3,542,497 |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 | 3,468,646 |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 | 3,409,614 |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 | 3,365,533 |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 | 3,321,528 |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 | 3,277,648 |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 | 3,236,423 |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 | 3,189,835 |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 | 3,129,918 |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 | 3,072,669 |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 | 3,024,308 |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 | 2,976,724 |
| 1960 | 1,211,537 | 2,931,559 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/south-sudan | CC BY
Fertility rates in Estonia and South Sudan
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2024 | 1.18 | 3.79 |
| 2023 | 1.31 | 3.86 |
| 2022 | 1.41 | 3.96 |
| 2021 | 1.61 | 4.05 |
| 2020 | 1.58 | 4.16 |
| 2019 | 1.66 | 4.26 |
| 2018 | 1.67 | 4.37 |
| 2017 | 1.59 | 4.48 |
| 2016 | 1.6 | 4.58 |
| 2015 | 1.58 | 4.7 |
| 2014 | 1.54 | 4.82 |
| 2013 | 1.52 | 4.94 |
| 2012 | 1.56 | 5.06 |
| 2011 | 1.61 | 5.19 |
| 2010 | 1.72 | 5.32 |
| 2009 | 1.7 | 5.45 |
| 2008 | 1.72 | 5.57 |
| 2007 | 1.69 | 5.7 |
| 2006 | 1.58 | 5.85 |
| 2005 | 1.52 | 6.02 |
| 2004 | 1.47 | 6.19 |
| 2003 | 1.37 | 6.35 |
| 2002 | 1.36 | 6.52 |
| 2001 | 1.32 | 6.65 |
| 2000 | 1.36 | 6.8 |
| 1999 | 1.3 | 6.94 |
| 1998 | 1.28 | 7.08 |
| 1997 | 1.32 | 7.2 |
| 1996 | 1.37 | 7.32 |
| 1995 | 1.38 | 7.34 |
| 1994 | 1.42 | 7.35 |
| 1993 | 1.49 | 7.36 |
| 1992 | 1.71 | 7.37 |
| 1991 | 1.8 | 7.38 |
| 1990 | 2.05 | 7.38 |
| 1989 | 2.22 | 7.37 |
| 1988 | 2.27 | 7.38 |
| 1987 | 2.27 | 7.39 |
| 1986 | 2.18 | 7.38 |
| 1985 | 2.13 | 7.36 |
| 1984 | 2.17 | 7.35 |
| 1983 | 2.16 | 7.34 |
| 1982 | 2.07 | 7.34 |
| 1981 | 2.07 | 7.33 |
| 1980 | 2.02 | 7.33 |
| 1979 | 2 | 7.32 |
| 1978 | 2.02 | 7.33 |
| 1977 | 2.06 | 7.33 |
| 1976 | 2.07 | 7.33 |
| 1975 | 2.04 | 7.33 |
| 1974 | 2.07 | 7.31 |
| 1973 | 2.06 | 7.31 |
| 1972 | 2.13 | 7.31 |
| 1971 | 2.19 | 7.3 |
| 1970 | 2.17 | 7.29 |
| 1969 | 2.13 | 7.28 |
| 1968 | 2.03 | 7.26 |
| 1967 | 1.9 | 7.26 |
| 1966 | 1.87 | 7.25 |
| 1965 | 1.88 | 7.22 |
| 1964 | 1.94 | 7.22 |
| 1963 | 1.89 | 7.2 |
| 1962 | 1.95 | 7.2 |
| 1961 | 1.98 | 7.18 |
| 1960 | 1.98 | 7.16 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/south-sudan | CC BY
Estonia and South Sudan demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2025 | 43.8 | 19.7 |
| 2024 | 43.3 | 19.4 |
| 2023 | 42.9 | 19 |
| 2022 | 42.7 | 18.7 |
| 2021 | 42.5 | 18.4 |
| 2020 | 42.4 | 18.2 |
| 2019 | 42.2 | 17.8 |
| 2018 | 42 | 17.3 |
| 2017 | 41.9 | 17.4 |
| 2016 | 41.7 | 18.2 |
| 2015 | 41.5 | 18.6 |
| 2014 | 41.4 | 19 |
| 2013 | 41.1 | 19.3 |
| 2012 | 40.9 | 19.2 |
| 2011 | 40.6 | 19 |
| 2010 | 40.3 | 18.7 |
| 2009 | 40 | 18.4 |
| 2008 | 39.8 | 18.2 |
| 2007 | 39.7 | 18 |
| 2006 | 39.6 | 17.8 |
| 2005 | 39.3 | 17.6 |
| 2004 | 39.1 | 17.4 |
| 2003 | 38.8 | 17.3 |
| 2002 | 38.5 | 17.3 |
| 2001 | 38.3 | 17.3 |
| 2000 | 38 | 17.2 |
| 1999 | 37.6 | 17.1 |
| 1998 | 37.3 | 17 |
| 1997 | 37 | 16.9 |
| 1996 | 36.7 | 16.9 |
| 1995 | 36.3 | 16.9 |
| 1994 | 36 | 16.9 |
| 1993 | 35.6 | 16.9 |
| 1992 | 35 | 17 |
| 1991 | 34.6 | 17 |
| 1990 | 34.3 | 17 |
| 1989 | 34.2 | 17.1 |
| 1988 | 34.1 | 16.8 |
| 1987 | 34 | 16.5 |
| 1986 | 34 | 16.6 |
| 1985 | 33.9 | 16.7 |
| 1984 | 33.9 | 16.8 |
| 1983 | 33.9 | 16.8 |
| 1982 | 33.8 | 16.9 |
| 1981 | 33.8 | 17 |
| 1980 | 33.9 | 17.1 |
| 1979 | 34 | 17.1 |
| 1978 | 34.2 | 17.2 |
| 1977 | 34.3 | 17.2 |
| 1976 | 34.3 | 17.3 |
| 1975 | 34.2 | 17.4 |
| 1974 | 34.2 | 17.4 |
| 1973 | 34.1 | 17.5 |
| 1972 | 33.9 | 17.5 |
| 1971 | 33.8 | 17.6 |
| 1970 | 33.7 | 17.7 |
| 1969 | 33.7 | 17.9 |
| 1968 | 33.6 | 18 |
| 1967 | 33.4 | 18.2 |
| 1966 | 33.2 | 18.3 |
| 1965 | 33 | 18.3 |
| 1964 | 32.8 | 18.4 |
| 1963 | 32.7 | 18.4 |
| 1962 | 32.5 | 18.5 |
| 1961 | 32.4 | 18.5 |
| 1960 | 32.2 | 18.6 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/south-sudan | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Estonia and South Sudan.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$44.2B
2025 |
$11.7B
2015 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
45.2%
2025 |
18.4%
2025 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
5.21%
2022 |
1.57%
2016 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
3.37%
2024 |
1.96%
2024 |
| Armed forces personnel |
7,000
2020 |
53,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.33%
2025 |
+3.45%
2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
7.5%
2025 |
12.3%
2008 |
| Services, % of GDP |
65.8%
2025 |
56.6%
2015 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
19.7%
2025 |
33.1%
2015 |
| Economic freedom index |
78.7
2026 |
41
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.7%
2023 |
33%
2016 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.1%
2023 |
1.8%
2016 |
| Number of billionaires |
2
2026 |
n/a |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.0002%
2026 |
n/a |
| Listed domestic companies |
14
2003 |
n/a |
| Total reserves including gold |
$2.44B
2025 |
$16M
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$496M
2024 |
$1.14B
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
1,695,000
2020 |
n/a |
| International tourism as share of exports |
3.98%
2020 |
0.39%
2018 |
| Banked people share |
98.9%
2024 |
5.83%
2021 |
Energy
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
2,709 kg
2024 |
68.7 kg
2023 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$18.4
2024 |
$15.1
2015 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
10.6 megatons
2024 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
7.76 tons
2024 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
60.9%
2023 |
73.4%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
38%
2021 |
32.4%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
5.09%
2024 |
0.23%
2023 |
| Net energy imports use share |
3.77%
2023 |
-860%
2022 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
5,298 kWh
2024 |
47.9 kWh
2023 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
40%
2021 |
0.34%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.53%
2024 |
0%
2021 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
5.4%
2023 |
Society
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2025 |
0.15%
2025 |
| Annual migration change |
-13,350
2025 |
+6,145
2025 |
| Urban population |
70.7%
2025 |
21.7%
2025 |
| Male:Female ratio |
47.6:52.4
2025 |
49.2:50.8
2025 |
| Average male height |
5.86 ft
2026 |
n/a |
| Average female height |
5.41 ft
2026 |
n/a |
| Quality of life index |
83.9
2026 |
3.08
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
76
2025 |
9
2025 |
| Higher education index |
81
2026 |
14
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.54
2023 |
14
2012 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
4.5
2019 |
36.7
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
172
2026 |
49
2026 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
34.5%
2018 |
| English speaking |
47%
2026 |
40%
2026 |
| People using the Internet |
92.2%
2024 |
9.27%
2020 |
Health
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$2,438
2024 |
$72.8
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$521
2024 |
$19.7
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
79.6 years
2026 |
58 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.009%
2023 |
62.3%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.47
2022 |
0.04
2022 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28.9 years
2024 |
n/a |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
5
2023 |
692
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
2
2024 |
96.7
2024 |
| Obesity rate |
22.8%
2022 |
8.79%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
6.9%
2024 |
4.6%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
95
2026 |
22
2026 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
26.1%
2024 |
n/a |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
10.7 liters
2020 |
n/a |
Territory
|
Estonia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.03%
2026 |
0.42%
2026 |
| Land area per capita |
12,074 sq mi
2025 |
20,018 sq mi
2025 |
| Agricultural land area |
3,815 sq mi
2026 |
109,449 sq mi
2026 |
| Forest area |
9,415 sq mi
2026 |
27,633 sq mi
2026 |
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2015–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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