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Estonia vs Latvia statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 1.87M in Latvia (ranked 149/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 24,027 sq mi for Latvia (ranked 129th vs. 121st).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 100/197 ($43.1B) and Latvia ranks 99/197 ($43.7B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,428), while Latvia ranks 54/197 ($23,409).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia Latvia
Population
1339590
1829763
Population rank 155/197 149/197
GDP
$43.1B
2024
$43.7B
2024
GDP rank 100/197 99/197
GDP per capita
$31,428
2024
$23,409
2024
GDP per capita rank 40/197 54/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,969
2024
$43,394
2024
Government debt
$10.1B
2024
$20.4B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
23.4%
2024
46.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$7,356
2024
$10,945
2024
Government debt per person rank 65/185 53/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,740
2026
$17,033
2026
Land area 16,498 sq mi 24,027 sq mi
Population density
81.2 ppl/mi²
2026
76.2 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
1.31
2023
1.36
2023
Median age
43.3 years
2024
44.3 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
76.6 years
2026

Estonia and Latvia: Comparison Charts

Estonia and Latvia economies compared

GDP
Estonia

Latvia
1x
Year GDP
Estonia Latvia
2024 $43,130,419,829 $43,684,254,432
2023 $41,470,344,395 $42,779,550,937
2022 $38,226,641,740 $38,003,198,509
2021 $37,201,101,171 $38,183,326,785
2020 $31,820,771,494 $33,379,927,435
2019 $31,873,748,770 $33,099,503,951
2018 $31,222,632,741 $33,247,935,477
2017 $27,469,461,919 $29,391,059,767
2016 $24,561,027,788 $27,117,105,060
2015 $23,311,847,751 $26,344,565,877
2014 $27,055,689,003 $30,277,203,767
2013 $25,451,032,781 $29,152,128,168
2012 $23,237,406,116 $27,116,149,949
2011 $23,303,915,795 $26,575,547,901
2010 $19,524,355,419 $23,468,324,572
2009 $19,633,984,440 $25,691,530,442
2008 $24,342,935,404 $34,135,200,994
2007 $22,450,264,166 $29,420,499,248
2006 $17,025,671,810 $20,434,922,247
2005 $14,109,491,357 $16,306,935,905
2004 $12,148,595,031 $13,827,070,379
2003 $9,876,595,528 $11,244,337,720
2002 $7,370,119,619 $9,249,030,241
2001 $6,250,218,423 $8,190,888,740
2000 $5,686,579,748 $7,761,252,607
1999 $5,756,912,266 $7,324,192,890
1998 $5,674,080,543 $6,974,112,951
1997 $5,154,420,649 $6,349,481,007
1996 $4,786,018,988 $5,799,465,288
1995 $4,502,970,889 $5,608,208,785
1994 $4,123,011,420 -
1993 $4,013,091,682 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1993–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/latvia | CC BY

Estonia and Latvia economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

Latvia
1x
Year GDP per capita
Estonia Latvia
2024 $31,428 $23,409
2023 $30,264 $22,710
2022 $28,340 $20,221
2021 $27,951 $20,262
2020 $23,934 $17,564
2019 $24,021 $17,295
2018 $23,618 $17,252
2017 $20,852 $15,132
2016 $18,666 $13,839
2015 $17,722 $13,322
2014 $20,582 $15,186
2013 $19,310 $14,484
2012 $17,568 $13,329
2011 $17,556 $12,903
2010 $14,664 $11,188
2009 $14,712 $11,996
2008 $18,206 $15,678
2007 $16,745 $13,371
2006 $12,641 $9,212
2005 $10,415 $7,284
2004 $8,916 $6,110
2003 $7,205 $4,915
2002 $5,343 $4,004
2001 $4,503 $3,505
2000 $4,071 $3,278
1999 $4,141 $3,064
1998 $4,093 $2,894
1997 $3,683 $2,610
1996 $3,381 $2,360
1995 $3,134 $2,257
1994 $2,819 -
1993 $2,686 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1993–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/latvia | CC BY

Estonia vs. Latvia life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

Latvia
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia Latvia
2026 79.6 76.6
2025 79.5 76.5
2024 79.3 76.3
2023 79.2 76.2
2022 78.2 74.9
2021 77.4 73.2
2020 78.9 75.5
2019 78.8 75.6
2018 78.3 75
2017 78.2 74.8
2016 77.8 74.8
2015 77.7 74.7
2014 77.1 74.3
2013 77.3 74.2
2012 76.4 73.9
2011 76.3 73.7
2010 75.9 73
2009 75.2 72.7
2008 74.3 72
2007 73.2 70.8
2006 73.2 70.6
2005 73 70.6
2004 72.4 70.9
2003 71.9 70.6
2002 71.4 70.2
2001 70.8 69.9
2000 71 70.2
1999 70.7 69.6
1998 69.8 68.9
1997 70.2 69.2
1996 70 68.6
1995 67.8 66
1994 66.7 65.2
1993 68.2 66.6
1992 69.2 68.5
1991 69.8 69.2
1990 69.9 69.5
1989 70.5 70.4
1988 71 70.9
1987 70.9 71
1986 70.9 71
1985 69.8 69.6
1984 69.6 69.4
1983 69.8 69.4
1982 69.9 69.6
1981 69.3 69.1
1980 69.5 69.1
1979 69.4 68.8
1978 69.7 69.3
1977 69.8 69.4
1976 69.7 69.4
1975 70.1 69.3
1974 70.8 70.1
1973 70.7 70.2
1972 70.4 70.3
1971 70.6 70.6
1970 70.4 70.2
1969 70.3 70.2
1968 70.6 70.5
1967 71 70.9
1966 70.7 71.2
1965 70.7 71.2
1964 70.6 71.5
1963 69.9 70.3
1962 69.8 69.9
1961 69.6 70.5
1960 69.3 70.3
1959 68.7 69.5
1958 68.8 68.9
1957 68.8 68.3
1956 68.5 67.6
1955 68.2 67.1
1954 67.8 66.7
1953 67.5 66.2
1952 67.2 65.7
1951 66.8 65.2
1950 66.4 64.6

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/latvia | CC BY

Estonia and Latvia population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

Latvia
1x
Year Population
Estonia Latvia
2024 1,372,341 1,866,124
2023 1,370,286 1,883,710
2022 1,348,840 1,879,383
2021 1,330,932 1,884,490
2020 1,329,522 1,900,449
2019 1,326,898 1,913,822
2018 1,321,977 1,927,174
2017 1,317,384 1,942,248
2016 1,315,790 1,959,537
2015 1,315,407 1,977,527
2014 1,314,545 1,993,782
2013 1,317,997 2,012,647
2012 1,322,696 2,034,319
2011 1,327,439 2,059,709
2010 1,331,475 2,097,555
2009 1,334,515 2,141,669
2008 1,337,090 2,177,322
2007 1,340,680 2,200,325
2006 1,346,810 2,218,357
2005 1,354,775 2,238,799
2004 1,362,550 2,263,122
2003 1,370,720 2,287,955
2002 1,379,350 2,310,173
2001 1,388,115 2,337,170
2000 1,396,985 2,367,550
1999 1,390,244 2,390,482
1998 1,386,156 2,410,019
1997 1,399,535 2,432,851
1996 1,415,594 2,457,222
1995 1,436,634 2,485,056
1994 1,462,514 2,520,742
1993 1,494,128 2,563,290
1992 1,533,091 2,614,338
1991 1,561,314 2,650,581
1990 1,569,174 2,663,151
1989 1,568,131 2,666,955
1988 1,561,900 2,653,434
1987 1,552,221 2,626,583
1986 1,540,190 2,599,892
1985 1,528,781 2,578,873
1984 1,518,617 2,562,047
1983 1,508,745 2,546,011
1982 1,498,414 2,531,080
1981 1,487,666 2,519,421
1980 1,477,219 2,511,701
1979 1,468,333 2,505,953
1978 1,460,188 2,497,921
1977 1,450,211 2,485,073
1976 1,439,576 2,470,989
1975 1,429,352 2,456,130
1974 1,418,169 2,437,186
1973 1,405,951 2,415,819
1972 1,392,518 2,395,674
1971 1,376,955 2,376,389
1970 1,360,076 2,359,164
1969 1,345,249 2,343,173
1968 1,331,214 2,323,619
1967 1,318,946 2,301,220
1966 1,308,597 2,283,217
1965 1,294,566 2,265,919
1964 1,277,086 2,240,623
1963 1,258,857 2,210,919
1962 1,241,623 2,181,586
1961 1,225,077 2,152,681
1960 1,211,537 2,120,979

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/latvia | CC BY

Fertility rates in Estonia and Latvia

Fertility rate
Estonia

Latvia
1x
Year Fertility rate
Estonia Latvia
2023 1.31 1.36
2022 1.41 1.47
2021 1.61 1.57
2020 1.58 1.55
2019 1.66 1.61
2018 1.67 1.6
2017 1.59 1.69
2016 1.6 1.74
2015 1.58 1.7
2014 1.54 1.65
2013 1.52 1.52
2012 1.56 1.44
2011 1.61 1.33
2010 1.72 1.36
2009 1.7 1.46
2008 1.72 1.58
2007 1.69 1.54
2006 1.58 1.46
2005 1.52 1.39
2004 1.47 1.29
2003 1.37 1.32
2002 1.36 1.26
2001 1.32 1.22
2000 1.36 1.25
1999 1.3 1.16
1998 1.28 1.09
1997 1.32 1.11
1996 1.37 1.16
1995 1.38 1.25
1994 1.42 1.39
1993 1.49 1.51
1992 1.71 1.73
1991 1.8 1.86
1990 2.05 2.02
1989 2.22 2.05
1988 2.27 2.11
1987 2.27 2.15
1986 2.18 2.12
1985 2.13 2.08
1984 2.17 2.09
1983 2.16 2.07
1982 2.07 1.97
1981 2.07 1.88
1980 2.02 1.86
1979 2 1.87
1978 2.02 1.87
1977 2.06 1.89
1976 2.07 1.93
1975 2.04 1.96
1974 2.07 1.97
1973 2.06 1.98
1972 2.13 2
1971 2.19 2
1970 2.17 1.96
1969 2.13 1.88
1968 2.03 1.83
1967 1.9 1.8
1966 1.87 1.76
1965 1.88 1.74
1964 1.94 1.79
1963 1.89 1.85
1962 1.95 1.91
1961 1.98 1.94
1960 1.98 1.94

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/latvia | CC BY

Estonia and Latvia demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

Latvia
1x
Year Median age, years
Estonia Latvia
2024 43.3 44.3
2023 42.9 44.1
2022 42.7 44
2021 42.5 43.9
2020 42.4 43.8
2019 42.2 43.6
2018 42 43.4
2017 41.9 43.2
2016 41.7 43
2015 41.5 42.8
2014 41.4 42.5
2013 41.1 42.3
2012 40.9 42
2011 40.6 41.6
2010 40.3 41.1
2009 40 40.5
2008 39.8 40.1
2007 39.7 39.9
2006 39.6 39.7
2005 39.3 39.4
2004 39.1 39.2
2003 38.8 38.9
2002 38.5 38.6
2001 38.3 38.3
2000 38 37.9
1999 37.6 37.6
1998 37.3 37.3
1997 37 36.9
1996 36.7 36.6
1995 36.3 36.2
1994 36 36
1993 35.6 35.6
1992 35 35.2
1991 34.6 34.8
1990 34.3 34.6
1989 34.2 34.5
1988 34.1 34.6
1987 34 34.6
1986 34 34.7
1985 33.9 34.7
1984 33.9 34.7
1983 33.9 34.6
1982 33.8 34.7
1981 33.8 34.8
1980 33.9 34.9
1979 34 35.1
1978 34.2 35.1
1977 34.3 35.1
1976 34.3 35
1975 34.2 34.9
1974 34.2 34.7
1973 34.1 34.6
1972 33.9 34.5
1971 33.8 34.3
1970 33.7 34.2
1969 33.7 34.1
1968 33.6 34
1967 33.4 33.8
1966 33.2 33.5
1965 33 33.2
1964 32.8 33
1963 32.7 32.8
1962 32.5 32.6
1961 32.4 32.4
1960 32.2 32.3

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/latvia | CC BY

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Estonia and Latvia.

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia Latvia
GNI, Atlas method
$39.6B
2024
$40.4B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2024
44.5%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
4.32%
2022
Military expenditure, % of GDP
3.37%
2024
3.26%
2024
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
9,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-1.51%
2024
-1.82%
2024
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2024
6.88%
2024
Services, % of GDP
65.7%
2024
64.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2024
18.5%
2024
Economic freedom index
78.7
2026
71.6
2026
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
26.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
2.6%
2023
Number of billionaires
2
2025
n/a
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
n/a
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
56
2003
Total reserves including gold
$2.07B
2024
$5.14B
2024
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$1.34B
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
3,204,000
2020
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
7.25%
2007
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
95%
2024

Energy

Estonia Latvia
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,089 kg
2023
2,240 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$15.7
2023
$19
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
10.6 megatons
2024
6.81 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.76 tons
2024
3.65 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
47.8%
2023
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
44%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
2.9%
2023
8.79%
2023
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
34.3%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,722 kWh
2023
3,617 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
63.6%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.42%
2023
59.4%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia Latvia
% of world population
0.02%
2024
0.02%
2024
Annual migration change
-13,350
2025
-7,330
2025
Urban population
70.7%
2024
68.5%
2024
Male:Female ratio
47.5:52.5
2024
46.4:53.6
2024
Average male height
6 ft
2025
5.94 ft
2025
Average female height
5.53 ft
2025
5.54 ft
2025
Quality of life index
83.6
2026
75.4
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2025
60
2025
Higher education index
81
2026
70
2026
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
2.5
2023
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
8.1
2019
Visa free countries
171
2025
171
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
99.9%
2021
English speaking
50.2%
2023
45.9%
2023
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
92.7%
2024

Health

Estonia Latvia
Government health expenditure per capita
$2,438
2024
$1,645
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$521
2024
$577
2023
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
76.6 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.009%
2023
0.14%
2023
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.47
2022
3.4
2022
Age at first childbirth
28.7 years
2023
28 years
2023
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
19
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
2.1
2023
3
2023
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
24.9%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
7.1%
2024
Air quality index
95
2026
75
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
28.3%
2022
33.9%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
12.9 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia Latvia
% of world land
0.03%
2026
0.04%
2026
Land area per capita
12,022 sq mi
2024
12,875 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2026
7,610 sq mi
2026
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2026
13,214 sq mi
2026

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  8. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  10. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  11. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  12. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)

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