Tonga is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 104K people. The capital and largest city is Nukualofa, with 23.2K residents.
Tonga ranks 191/197 by GDP ($509M) and 121/197 by GDP per capita ($4,864). The top export category is transport & tourism services, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Tonga
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
103744
|
183/197 |
| GDP |
$509M
2023 |
191/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$4,864
2023 |
121/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$7,853
2023 |
141/197 |
| Government debt |
$224M
2023 |
181/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
44.1%
2025 |
120/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,138
2023 |
117/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$4,126
2025 |
125/197 |
| Land area | 278 sq mi | 176/197 |
| Population density | 375 ppl/mi² | 68/197 |
| Fertility rate | 3.13 | 54/196 |
| Median age | 21.9 years | 149/196 |
| Life expectancy | 73.2 years | 106/197 |
Tonga trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1975 | $32,506,742 |
| 1976 | $30,036,417 |
| 1977 | $34,139,388 |
| 1978 | $41,567,472 |
| 1979 | $44,667,002 |
| 1980 | $53,260,077 |
| 1981 | $62,242,013 |
| 1982 | $62,068,161 |
| 1983 | $60,863,964 |
| 1984 | $64,248,355 |
| 1985 | $60,058,663 |
| 1986 | $68,195,856 |
| 1987 | $81,667,133 |
| 1988 | $106,657,267 |
| 1989 | $106,344,855 |
| 1990 | $113,563,822 |
| 1991 | $132,201,141 |
| 1992 | $137,066,291 |
| 1993 | $138,489,884 |
| 1994 | $195,990,986 |
| 1995 | $208,871,666 |
| 1996 | $222,100,576 |
| 1997 | $214,991,452 |
| 1998 | $191,504,893 |
| 1999 | $199,208,718 |
| 2000 | $204,848,488 |
| 2001 | $181,117,230 |
| 2002 | $182,764,281 |
| 2003 | $202,246,591 |
| 2004 | $230,678,011 |
| 2005 | $261,823,805 |
| 2006 | $292,232,703 |
| 2007 | $298,519,623 |
| 2008 | $344,438,844 |
| 2009 | $312,415,028 |
| 2010 | $366,887,375 |
| 2011 | $414,143,828 |
| 2012 | $471,122,971 |
| 2013 | $451,788,498 |
| 2014 | $440,997,735 |
| 2015 | $437,525,539 |
| 2016 | $420,828,255 |
| 2017 | $459,976,847 |
| 2018 | $489,714,530 |
| 2019 | $494,197,854 |
| 2020 | $496,856,304 |
| 2021 | $518,228,029 |
| 2022 | $518,180,029 |
| 2023 | $508,735,107 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1975 | $349 |
| 1976 | $315 |
| 1977 | $353 |
| 1978 | $428 |
| 1979 | $458 |
| 1980 | $545 |
| 1981 | $636 |
| 1982 | $633 |
| 1983 | $621 |
| 1984 | $656 |
| 1985 | $613 |
| 1986 | $696 |
| 1987 | $830 |
| 1988 | $1,078 |
| 1989 | $1,070 |
| 1990 | $1,139 |
| 1991 | $1,323 |
| 1992 | $1,370 |
| 1993 | $1,383 |
| 1994 | $1,957 |
| 1995 | $2,084 |
| 1996 | $2,215 |
| 1997 | $2,136 |
| 1998 | $1,889 |
| 1999 | $1,952 |
| 2000 | $1,995 |
| 2001 | $1,754 |
| 2002 | $1,759 |
| 2003 | $1,936 |
| 2004 | $2,195 |
| 2005 | $2,478 |
| 2006 | $2,750 |
| 2007 | $2,797 |
| 2008 | $3,218 |
| 2009 | $2,914 |
| 2010 | $3,416 |
| 2011 | $3,850 |
| 2012 | $4,384 |
| 2013 | $4,219 |
| 2014 | $4,137 |
| 2015 | $4,124 |
| 2016 | $3,988 |
| 2017 | $4,366 |
| 2018 | $4,639 |
| 2019 | $4,677 |
| 2020 | $4,700 |
| 2021 | $4,913 |
| 2022 | $4,933 |
| 2023 | $4,864 |
Tonga's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 48.4 |
| 1951 | 49.8 |
| 1952 | 51.2 |
| 1953 | 52.4 |
| 1954 | 53.6 |
| 1955 | 54.7 |
| 1956 | 55.7 |
| 1957 | 56.5 |
| 1958 | 57.2 |
| 1959 | 57.8 |
| 1960 | 58.3 |
| 1961 | 58.8 |
| 1962 | 59.3 |
| 1963 | 59.8 |
| 1964 | 60.3 |
| 1965 | 60.7 |
| 1966 | 61.2 |
| 1967 | 61.7 |
| 1968 | 62.2 |
| 1969 | 62.7 |
| 1970 | 63.2 |
| 1971 | 63.6 |
| 1972 | 64.1 |
| 1973 | 64.4 |
| 1974 | 64.8 |
| 1975 | 65.1 |
| 1976 | 65.4 |
| 1977 | 65.6 |
| 1978 | 65.9 |
| 1979 | 66 |
| 1980 | 66.2 |
| 1981 | 66.4 |
| 1982 | 66.3 |
| 1983 | 66.7 |
| 1984 | 66.8 |
| 1985 | 66.9 |
| 1986 | 67.1 |
| 1987 | 67.2 |
| 1988 | 67.3 |
| 1989 | 67.4 |
| 1990 | 67.5 |
| 1991 | 67.7 |
| 1992 | 67.9 |
| 1993 | 68.2 |
| 1994 | 68.4 |
| 1995 | 68.6 |
| 1996 | 68.8 |
| 1997 | 69 |
| 1998 | 69.2 |
| 1999 | 69.4 |
| 2000 | 69.6 |
| 2001 | 69.8 |
| 2002 | 70 |
| 2003 | 70.2 |
| 2004 | 70.4 |
| 2005 | 70.6 |
| 2006 | 70.7 |
| 2007 | 70.9 |
| 2008 | 71 |
| 2009 | 70.9 |
| 2010 | 71.3 |
| 2011 | 71.4 |
| 2012 | 71.5 |
| 2013 | 71.6 |
| 2014 | 71.7 |
| 2015 | 71.9 |
| 2016 | 72 |
| 2017 | 72.1 |
| 2018 | 72.2 |
| 2019 | 72.3 |
| 2020 | 72.4 |
| 2021 | 72.1 |
| 2022 | 72.6 |
| 2023 | 72.9 |
| 2024 | 73.1 |
| 2025 | 73.2 |
Tonga's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 66,170 |
| 1961 | 68,037 |
| 1962 | 69,940 |
| 1963 | 71,885 |
| 1964 | 73,879 |
| 1965 | 75,924 |
| 1966 | 78,002 |
| 1967 | 79,814 |
| 1968 | 81,353 |
| 1969 | 82,885 |
| 1970 | 84,401 |
| 1971 | 85,896 |
| 1972 | 87,356 |
| 1973 | 88,805 |
| 1974 | 90,683 |
| 1975 | 93,017 |
| 1976 | 95,325 |
| 1977 | 96,725 |
| 1978 | 97,204 |
| 1979 | 97,544 |
| 1980 | 97,769 |
| 1981 | 97,909 |
| 1982 | 97,980 |
| 1983 | 97,998 |
| 1984 | 97,990 |
| 1985 | 97,984 |
| 1986 | 98,010 |
| 1987 | 98,376 |
| 1988 | 98,969 |
| 1989 | 99,403 |
| 1990 | 99,700 |
| 1991 | 99,895 |
| 1992 | 100,022 |
| 1993 | 100,103 |
| 1994 | 100,166 |
| 1995 | 100,225 |
| 1996 | 100,275 |
| 1997 | 100,674 |
| 1998 | 101,388 |
| 1999 | 102,046 |
| 2000 | 102,677 |
| 2001 | 103,288 |
| 2002 | 103,874 |
| 2003 | 104,464 |
| 2004 | 105,071 |
| 2005 | 105,671 |
| 2006 | 106,253 |
| 2007 | 106,726 |
| 2008 | 107,020 |
| 2009 | 107,203 |
| 2010 | 107,400 |
| 2011 | 107,570 |
| 2012 | 107,460 |
| 2013 | 107,078 |
| 2014 | 106,609 |
| 2015 | 106,095 |
| 2016 | 105,524 |
| 2017 | 105,356 |
| 2018 | 105,567 |
| 2019 | 105,669 |
| 2020 | 105,704 |
| 2021 | 105,490 |
| 2022 | 105,042 |
| 2023 | 104,597 |
| 2024 | 104,175 |
Tonga's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 6.65 |
| 1961 | 6.61 |
| 1962 | 6.57 |
| 1963 | 6.52 |
| 1964 | 6.46 |
| 1965 | 6.41 |
| 1966 | 6.35 |
| 1967 | 6.29 |
| 1968 | 6.23 |
| 1969 | 6.17 |
| 1970 | 6.07 |
| 1971 | 5.96 |
| 1972 | 5.86 |
| 1973 | 5.8 |
| 1974 | 5.77 |
| 1975 | 5.75 |
| 1976 | 5.73 |
| 1977 | 5.7 |
| 1978 | 5.68 |
| 1979 | 5.65 |
| 1980 | 5.6 |
| 1981 | 5.55 |
| 1982 | 5.5 |
| 1983 | 5.45 |
| 1984 | 5.41 |
| 1985 | 5.34 |
| 1986 | 5.27 |
| 1987 | 5.19 |
| 1988 | 5.1 |
| 1989 | 5.01 |
| 1990 | 4.93 |
| 1991 | 4.85 |
| 1992 | 4.79 |
| 1993 | 4.73 |
| 1994 | 4.66 |
| 1995 | 4.56 |
| 1996 | 4.46 |
| 1997 | 4.38 |
| 1998 | 4.31 |
| 1999 | 4.23 |
| 2000 | 4.16 |
| 2001 | 4.13 |
| 2002 | 4.14 |
| 2003 | 4.18 |
| 2004 | 4.19 |
| 2005 | 4.2 |
| 2006 | 4.14 |
| 2007 | 4.09 |
| 2008 | 4.01 |
| 2009 | 3.95 |
| 2010 | 3.88 |
| 2011 | 3.83 |
| 2012 | 3.77 |
| 2013 | 3.7 |
| 2014 | 3.62 |
| 2015 | 3.54 |
| 2016 | 3.46 |
| 2017 | 3.39 |
| 2018 | 3.33 |
| 2019 | 3.27 |
| 2020 | 3.23 |
| 2021 | 3.2 |
| 2022 | 3.17 |
| 2023 | 3.13 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 17.1 |
| 1961 | 17.1 |
| 1962 | 17.1 |
| 1963 | 17 |
| 1964 | 17 |
| 1965 | 17 |
| 1966 | 17 |
| 1967 | 17 |
| 1968 | 16.9 |
| 1969 | 16.8 |
| 1970 | 16.8 |
| 1971 | 16.7 |
| 1972 | 16.7 |
| 1973 | 16.8 |
| 1974 | 16.8 |
| 1975 | 16.7 |
| 1976 | 16.7 |
| 1977 | 16.8 |
| 1978 | 17.1 |
| 1979 | 17.3 |
| 1980 | 17.4 |
| 1981 | 17.6 |
| 1982 | 17.8 |
| 1983 | 17.9 |
| 1984 | 18 |
| 1985 | 18.1 |
| 1986 | 18.2 |
| 1987 | 18.3 |
| 1988 | 18.6 |
| 1989 | 18.9 |
| 1990 | 19.1 |
| 1991 | 19.3 |
| 1992 | 19.5 |
| 1993 | 19.6 |
| 1994 | 19.6 |
| 1995 | 19.6 |
| 1996 | 19.6 |
| 1997 | 19.7 |
| 1998 | 19.9 |
| 1999 | 20.1 |
| 2000 | 20.3 |
| 2001 | 20.5 |
| 2002 | 20.7 |
| 2003 | 20.8 |
| 2004 | 20.8 |
| 2005 | 20.8 |
| 2006 | 20.8 |
| 2007 | 20.9 |
| 2008 | 21 |
| 2009 | 21.1 |
| 2010 | 21.2 |
| 2011 | 21.2 |
| 2012 | 21.4 |
| 2013 | 21.6 |
| 2014 | 21.7 |
| 2015 | 21.8 |
| 2016 | 21.9 |
| 2017 | 21.9 |
| 2018 | 22 |
| 2019 | 22 |
| 2020 | 22.1 |
| 2021 | 22.1 |
| 2022 | 22 |
| 2023 | 21.9 |
| 2024 | 21.9 |
Tonga vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Tonga with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Tonga: National Statistics
Finance
|
Tonga
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$578M
2023 |
189/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
49.7%
2025 |
20/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
5.15%
2023 |
56/193 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-7.9%
2025 |
173/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
1.65%
2023 |
179/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
50.2%
2023 |
129/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
13.5%
2023 |
166/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
58.5
2025 |
106/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
22%
2021 |
159/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
4%
2021 |
15/169 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$377M
2024 |
163/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$257M
2024 |
131/190 |
| International tourist arrivals |
94,000
2019 |
162/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
47.8%
2020 |
14/184 |
Energy
|
Tonga
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
543 kg
2007 |
131/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$7.94
2007 |
149/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
0.22 megatons
2023 |
178/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
2.1 tons
2023 |
103/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
0%
2007 |
174/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
2.3%
2022 |
168/193 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
14.2%
2021 |
130/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0%
2021 |
188/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
178/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
98/195 |
Society
|
Tonga
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.001%
2024 |
183/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-2,149
2024 |
104/196 |
| Urban population |
23.2%
2024 |
184/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.74 ft
2025 |
63/190 |
| Average female height |
5.45 ft
2025 |
22/190 |
| Quality of life index |
42.6
2025 |
122/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
50
2025 |
69/197 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
0.95
2019 |
154/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
33
2019 |
15/197 |
| Visa free countries |
127
2025 |
82/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.4%
2021 |
32/196 |
| English speaking |
30%
2023 |
89/197 |
| People using the Internet |
58.5%
2023 |
137/195 |
Health
|
Tonga
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$378
2022 |
103/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$11.1
2022 |
171/191 |
| Life expectancy |
73.2 years
2025 |
106/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
45.7%
2022 |
9/178 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
1.01
2021 |
116/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
24.9 years
2025 |
59/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
67
2023 |
82/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
9.9
2023 |
123/192 |
| Obesity rate |
72.4%
2022 |
1/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
19.6%
2024 |
16/195 |
| Air quality index |
91
2025 |
19/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
31.3%
2022 |
26/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
0.36 liters
2020 |
166/186 |
Territory
|
Tonga
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.0005%
2025 |
176/197 |
| Land area per capita |
2,669 sq mi
2024 |
130/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
135.1 sq mi
2025 |
171/194 |
| Forest area |
34.6 sq mi
2025 |
180/196 |
| Roads length |
423 mi
2011 |
163/175 |
Compare Tonga with other countries
Relevant pages:
Tonga topic pages:
Facts comparisons
