Russia is a high-income country with a population of 144M people. The capital and largest city is Moscow, with 13.3M residents. Russia shares land borders with Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Ukraine, Belarus, Finland, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Norway and North Korea.
Russia ranks 11/197 by GDP ($2.17T) and 69/197 by GDP per capita ($15,145). The top export category is raw materials & minerals, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Russia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
142718132
|
9/197 |
| GDP |
$2.17T
2024 |
11/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$15,145
2024 |
69/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$47,405
2024 |
49/197 |
| Government debt |
$441B
2024 |
21/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
21.4%
2025 |
173/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$3,075
2024 |
98/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$9,262
2025 |
78/197 |
| Land area | 6,323,145 sq mi | 1/197 |
| Population density | 22.7 ppl/mi² | 185/197 |
| Fertility rate | 1.41 | 160/196 |
| Median age | 40.9 years | 42/196 |
| Life expectancy | 73.5 years | 105/197 |
Russia trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1988 | $554,828,660,436 |
| 1989 | $506,631,299,735 |
| 1990 | $517,014,446,228 |
| 1991 | $517,962,962,963 |
| 1992 | $460,290,556,901 |
| 1993 | $435,083,713,851 |
| 1994 | $395,077,301,248 |
| 1995 | $395,537,185,735 |
| 1996 | $391,724,890,744 |
| 1997 | $404,928,954,192 |
| 1998 | $270,955,486,862 |
| 1999 | $195,907,128,351 |
| 2000 | $259,710,142,197 |
| 2001 | $306,602,070,621 |
| 2002 | $345,470,494,418 |
| 2003 | $430,347,420,185 |
| 2004 | $591,016,690,732 |
| 2005 | $764,015,973,481 |
| 2006 | $989,932,071,353 |
| 2007 | $1,299,703,478,482 |
| 2008 | $1,660,848,058,303 |
| 2009 | $1,222,645,900,056 |
| 2010 | $1,524,916,715,224 |
| 2011 | $2,045,922,753,398 |
| 2012 | $2,208,293,553,878 |
| 2013 | $2,292,470,078,346 |
| 2014 | $2,059,241,589,895 |
| 2015 | $1,363,482,182,198 |
| 2016 | $1,276,786,350,881 |
| 2017 | $1,574,199,360,089 |
| 2018 | $1,657,328,773,461 |
| 2019 | $1,693,115,002,708 |
| 2020 | $1,493,075,894,362 |
| 2021 | $1,829,186,719,575 |
| 2022 | $2,291,612,121,335 |
| 2023 | $2,071,505,725,031 |
| 2024 | $2,173,835,806,672 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1988 | $3,778 |
| 1989 | $3,430 |
| 1990 | $3,494 |
| 1991 | $3,490 |
| 1992 | $3,099 |
| 1993 | $2,931 |
| 1994 | $2,662 |
| 1995 | $2,666 |
| 1996 | $2,644 |
| 1997 | $2,738 |
| 1998 | $1,835 |
| 1999 | $1,331 |
| 2000 | $1,772 |
| 2001 | $2,100 |
| 2002 | $2,378 |
| 2003 | $2,975 |
| 2004 | $4,102 |
| 2005 | $5,323 |
| 2006 | $6,920 |
| 2007 | $9,101 |
| 2008 | $11,635 |
| 2009 | $8,563 |
| 2010 | $10,675 |
| 2011 | $14,305 |
| 2012 | $15,402 |
| 2013 | $15,941 |
| 2014 | $14,277 |
| 2015 | $9,427 |
| 2016 | $8,804 |
| 2017 | $10,835 |
| 2018 | $11,399 |
| 2019 | $11,640 |
| 2020 | $10,280 |
| 2021 | $12,637 |
| 2022 | $15,888 |
| 2023 | $14,403 |
| 2024 | $15,145 |
Russia's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 55.5 |
| 1951 | 55.3 |
| 1952 | 57.6 |
| 1953 | 58.8 |
| 1954 | 59.9 |
| 1955 | 62.1 |
| 1956 | 66.5 |
| 1957 | 66 |
| 1958 | 67.7 |
| 1959 | 67.4 |
| 1960 | 68.3 |
| 1961 | 68.6 |
| 1962 | 68.5 |
| 1963 | 69.1 |
| 1964 | 69.5 |
| 1965 | 69.3 |
| 1966 | 69.4 |
| 1967 | 69.2 |
| 1968 | 69.1 |
| 1969 | 68.6 |
| 1970 | 68.7 |
| 1971 | 68.9 |
| 1972 | 68.8 |
| 1973 | 68.9 |
| 1974 | 68.7 |
| 1975 | 68.3 |
| 1976 | 68.1 |
| 1977 | 67.9 |
| 1978 | 67.8 |
| 1979 | 67.6 |
| 1980 | 67.5 |
| 1981 | 67.6 |
| 1982 | 68.1 |
| 1983 | 68 |
| 1984 | 67.6 |
| 1985 | 68.3 |
| 1986 | 70 |
| 1987 | 70.1 |
| 1988 | 69.9 |
| 1989 | 69.7 |
| 1990 | 69.3 |
| 1991 | 69 |
| 1992 | 67.8 |
| 1993 | 65 |
| 1994 | 63.8 |
| 1995 | 64 |
| 1996 | 65.4 |
| 1997 | 66.6 |
| 1998 | 66.9 |
| 1999 | 65.6 |
| 2000 | 65 |
| 2001 | 65 |
| 2002 | 64.7 |
| 2003 | 64.7 |
| 2004 | 65.1 |
| 2005 | 65.2 |
| 2006 | 66.5 |
| 2007 | 67.5 |
| 2008 | 67.9 |
| 2009 | 68.7 |
| 2010 | 68.2 |
| 2011 | 69.7 |
| 2012 | 70.1 |
| 2013 | 70.6 |
| 2014 | 70.8 |
| 2015 | 71.3 |
| 2016 | 71.9 |
| 2017 | 72.8 |
| 2018 | 72.9 |
| 2019 | 73.1 |
| 2020 | 71.2 |
| 2021 | 69.8 |
| 2022 | 72.5 |
| 2023 | 73.2 |
| 2024 | 73.3 |
| 2025 | 73.5 |
Russia's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 119,897,000 |
| 1961 | 121,236,000 |
| 1962 | 122,591,000 |
| 1963 | 123,960,000 |
| 1964 | 125,345,000 |
| 1965 | 126,745,000 |
| 1966 | 127,468,000 |
| 1967 | 128,196,000 |
| 1968 | 128,928,000 |
| 1969 | 129,664,000 |
| 1970 | 130,404,000 |
| 1971 | 131,155,000 |
| 1972 | 131,909,000 |
| 1973 | 132,669,000 |
| 1974 | 133,432,000 |
| 1975 | 134,200,000 |
| 1976 | 135,147,000 |
| 1977 | 136,100,000 |
| 1978 | 137,060,000 |
| 1979 | 138,027,000 |
| 1980 | 139,010,000 |
| 1981 | 139,941,000 |
| 1982 | 140,823,000 |
| 1983 | 141,668,000 |
| 1984 | 142,745,000 |
| 1985 | 143,858,000 |
| 1986 | 144,894,000 |
| 1987 | 145,908,000 |
| 1988 | 146,857,000 |
| 1989 | 147,721,000 |
| 1990 | 147,969,406 |
| 1991 | 148,394,216 |
| 1992 | 148,538,197 |
| 1993 | 148,458,777 |
| 1994 | 148,407,912 |
| 1995 | 148,375,787 |
| 1996 | 148,160,129 |
| 1997 | 147,915,361 |
| 1998 | 147,670,784 |
| 1999 | 147,214,776 |
| 2000 | 146,596,869 |
| 2001 | 145,976,482 |
| 2002 | 145,306,497 |
| 2003 | 144,648,618 |
| 2004 | 144,067,316 |
| 2005 | 143,518,814 |
| 2006 | 143,049,637 |
| 2007 | 142,805,114 |
| 2008 | 142,742,366 |
| 2009 | 142,785,348 |
| 2010 | 142,849,468 |
| 2011 | 143,018,195 |
| 2012 | 143,378,447 |
| 2013 | 143,805,638 |
| 2014 | 144,237,223 |
| 2015 | 144,640,716 |
| 2016 | 145,015,460 |
| 2017 | 145,293,260 |
| 2018 | 145,398,106 |
| 2019 | 145,453,291 |
| 2020 | 145,245,148 |
| 2021 | 144,746,762 |
| 2022 | 144,236,933 |
| 2023 | 143,826,130 |
| 2024 | 143,533,851 |
Russia's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 2.52 |
| 1961 | 2.45 |
| 1962 | 2.36 |
| 1963 | 2.27 |
| 1964 | 2.18 |
| 1965 | 2.13 |
| 1966 | 2.1 |
| 1967 | 2.04 |
| 1968 | 1.99 |
| 1969 | 1.97 |
| 1970 | 1.99 |
| 1971 | 2.03 |
| 1972 | 2.04 |
| 1973 | 2.01 |
| 1974 | 2 |
| 1975 | 1.98 |
| 1976 | 1.97 |
| 1977 | 1.95 |
| 1978 | 1.92 |
| 1979 | 1.9 |
| 1980 | 1.89 |
| 1981 | 1.91 |
| 1982 | 2.04 |
| 1983 | 2.11 |
| 1984 | 2.06 |
| 1985 | 2.05 |
| 1986 | 2.15 |
| 1987 | 2.22 |
| 1988 | 2.12 |
| 1989 | 2.01 |
| 1990 | 1.89 |
| 1991 | 1.73 |
| 1992 | 1.55 |
| 1993 | 1.39 |
| 1994 | 1.4 |
| 1995 | 1.34 |
| 1996 | 1.27 |
| 1997 | 1.22 |
| 1998 | 1.23 |
| 1999 | 1.16 |
| 2000 | 1.2 |
| 2001 | 1.22 |
| 2002 | 1.29 |
| 2003 | 1.32 |
| 2004 | 1.34 |
| 2005 | 1.29 |
| 2006 | 1.31 |
| 2007 | 1.42 |
| 2008 | 1.5 |
| 2009 | 1.54 |
| 2010 | 1.57 |
| 2011 | 1.58 |
| 2012 | 1.69 |
| 2013 | 1.71 |
| 2014 | 1.75 |
| 2015 | 1.78 |
| 2016 | 1.76 |
| 2017 | 1.62 |
| 2018 | 1.58 |
| 2019 | 1.5 |
| 2020 | 1.51 |
| 2021 | 1.51 |
| 2022 | 1.42 |
| 2023 | 1.41 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 27.1 |
| 1961 | 27.4 |
| 1962 | 27.7 |
| 1963 | 28.1 |
| 1964 | 28.3 |
| 1965 | 28.6 |
| 1966 | 28.9 |
| 1967 | 29.2 |
| 1968 | 29.8 |
| 1969 | 30.3 |
| 1970 | 30.7 |
| 1971 | 31 |
| 1972 | 31.1 |
| 1973 | 31.1 |
| 1974 | 30.9 |
| 1975 | 30.7 |
| 1976 | 30.6 |
| 1977 | 30.9 |
| 1978 | 31 |
| 1979 | 31.1 |
| 1980 | 31.3 |
| 1981 | 31.4 |
| 1982 | 31.6 |
| 1983 | 31.7 |
| 1984 | 31.8 |
| 1985 | 32 |
| 1986 | 32.2 |
| 1987 | 32.4 |
| 1988 | 32.6 |
| 1989 | 32.9 |
| 1990 | 33.2 |
| 1991 | 33.6 |
| 1992 | 33.9 |
| 1993 | 34.4 |
| 1994 | 34.7 |
| 1995 | 35 |
| 1996 | 35.3 |
| 1997 | 35.7 |
| 1998 | 36 |
| 1999 | 36.3 |
| 2000 | 36.6 |
| 2001 | 36.8 |
| 2002 | 36.9 |
| 2003 | 37 |
| 2004 | 37.2 |
| 2005 | 37.4 |
| 2006 | 37.6 |
| 2007 | 37.7 |
| 2008 | 37.8 |
| 2009 | 37.9 |
| 2010 | 38 |
| 2011 | 38.1 |
| 2012 | 38.3 |
| 2013 | 38.4 |
| 2014 | 38.6 |
| 2015 | 38.7 |
| 2016 | 38.8 |
| 2017 | 39 |
| 2018 | 39.2 |
| 2019 | 39.4 |
| 2020 | 39.7 |
| 2021 | 39.9 |
| 2022 | 40.1 |
| 2023 | 40.5 |
| 2024 | 40.9 |
Russia vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Russia with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Russia: National Statistics
Finance
|
Russia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$2.24T
2024 |
9/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
37.6%
2025 |
63/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.16%
2023 |
93/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
5.86%
2023 |
9/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
1,454,000
2020 |
4/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.01%
2025 |
40/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
2.43%
2024 |
166/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
57.5%
2024 |
93/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
30.7%
2024 |
52/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
51.6
2025 |
150/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
25.1%
2023 |
115/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.1%
2023 |
54/169 |
| Number of millionaires |
381,726
2024 |
18/34 |
| Percentage of millionaires |
0.34%
2024 |
26/34 |
| Number of billionaires |
140
2025 |
5/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.0001%
2025 |
27/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
194
2023 |
34/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$650B
2023 |
19/100 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$597B
2023 |
6/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$1.91B
2024 |
67/190 |
| International tourist arrivals |
6,359,000
2020 |
30/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
1.3%
2020 |
159/184 |
| Banked people share |
79.3%
2024 |
63/158 |
Energy
|
Russia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
5,601 kg
2022 |
14/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$7.43
2022 |
154/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
2,070 megatons
2023 |
4/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
14.4 tons
2023 |
10/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
89.5%
2022 |
30/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
3.5%
2021 |
164/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
9.45%
2022 |
56/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-75.1%
2022 |
118/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
7,184 kWh
2022 |
21/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
19.2%
2021 |
117/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
17.3%
2022 |
87/192 |
| Nuclear share |
19.4%
2022 |
15/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
79/195 |
Society
|
Russia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
1.76%
2024 |
9/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-178,042
2024 |
187/196 |
| Urban population |
75.5%
2024 |
64/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.79 ft
2025 |
44/190 |
| Average female height |
5.4 ft
2025 |
39/190 |
| Quality of life index |
48.5
2025 |
93/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
22
2024 |
173/197 |
| Higher education index |
84
2025 |
32/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
6.8
2021 |
58/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
12
2019 |
118/197 |
| Visa free countries |
125
2025 |
85/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
11/196 |
| English speaking |
4.84%
2023 |
149/197 |
| People using the Internet |
94.4%
2024 |
30/195 |
Health
|
Russia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$1,078
2022 |
61/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$298.7
2022 |
53/191 |
| Life expectancy |
73.5 years
2025 |
105/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.05%
2008 |
138/178 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.83
2020 |
30/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
25.2 years
2013 |
56/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
9
2023 |
150/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
4.5
2023 |
155/192 |
| Obesity rate |
24.8%
2022 |
79/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
5.9%
2024 |
153/195 |
| Air quality index |
69
2025 |
64/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
29.2%
2022 |
34/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
10.5 liters
2020 |
21/186 |
Territory
|
Russia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
11%
2025 |
1/197 |
| Land area per capita |
44,053 sq mi
2024 |
13/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
832,826 sq mi
2025 |
5/194 |
| Forest area |
3,147,937 sq mi
2025 |
1/196 |
| Roads length |
981,326 mi
2023 |
5/175 |
Compare Russia with other countries
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