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Estonia vs Moldova statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 2.4M in Moldova (ranked 143/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 12,714 sq mi for Moldova (ranked 129th vs. 135th).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 100/197 ($43.1B) and Moldova ranks 134/197 ($18.2B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,428), while Moldova ranks 99/197 ($7,576).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia Moldova
Population
1339590
2341166
Population rank 155/197 145/197
GDP
$43.1B
2024
$18.2B
2024
GDP rank 100/197 134/197
GDP per capita
$31,428
2024
$7,576
2024
GDP per capita rank 40/197 99/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,969
2024
$18,615
2024
Government debt
$10.1B
2024
$7.06B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
23.4%
2024
38.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$7,356
2024
$2,938
2024
Government debt per person rank 65/185 102/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,740
2026
$4,291
2026
Land area 16,498 sq mi 12,714 sq mi
Population density
81.2 ppl/mi²
2026
184.1 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
1.31
2023
1.73
2023
Median age
43.3 years
2024
39.1 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
71.6 years
2026

Estonia and Moldova: Comparison Charts

Estonia and Moldova economies compared

GDP
Estonia

Moldova
1x
Year GDP
Estonia Moldova
2024 $43,130,419,829 $18,200,340,854
2023 $41,470,344,395 $16,711,906,746
2022 $38,226,641,740 $14,525,337,524
2021 $37,201,101,171 $13,691,869,264
2020 $31,820,771,494 $11,530,746,234
2019 $31,873,748,770 $11,736,797,055
2018 $31,222,632,741 $11,252,353,421
2017 $27,469,461,919 $9,514,404,016
2016 $24,561,027,788 $7,980,917,076
2015 $23,311,847,751 $7,797,667,197
2014 $27,055,689,003 $9,402,090,138
2013 $25,451,032,781 $9,496,717,876
2012 $23,237,406,116 $8,709,138,635
2011 $23,303,915,795 $8,414,352,020
2010 $19,524,355,419 $6,974,982,370
2009 $19,633,984,440 $5,439,434,272
2008 $24,342,935,404 $6,054,824,248
2007 $22,450,264,166 $4,401,173,152
2006 $17,025,671,810 $3,408,255,451
2005 $14,109,491,357 $2,988,342,907
2004 $12,148,595,031 $2,598,249,556
2003 $9,876,595,528 $1,980,907,435
2002 $7,370,119,619 $1,661,818,168
2001 $6,250,218,423 $1,480,673,594
2000 $5,686,579,748 $1,288,429,392
1999 $5,756,912,266 $1,170,782,957
1998 $5,674,080,543 $1,698,717,505
1997 $5,154,420,649 $1,930,081,169
1996 $4,786,018,988 $1,695,122,174
1995 $4,502,970,889 $1,752,999,370
1994 $4,123,011,420 $1,702,314,268
1993 $4,013,091,682 $2,371,813,324
1992 - $2,319,243,436
1991 - $3,094,565,871
1990 - $3,592,857,043

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/moldova | CC BY

Estonia and Moldova economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

Moldova
1x
Year GDP per capita
Estonia Moldova
2024 $31,428 $7,576
2023 $30,264 $6,800
2022 $28,340 $5,744
2021 $27,951 $5,275
2020 $23,934 $4,376
2019 $24,021 $4,405
2018 $23,618 $4,156
2017 $20,852 $3,453
2016 $18,666 $2,847
2015 $17,722 $2,750
2014 $20,582 $3,290
2013 $19,310 $3,321
2012 $17,568 $3,045
2011 $17,556 $2,941
2010 $14,664 $2,437
2009 $14,712 $1,898
2008 $18,206 $2,111
2007 $16,745 $1,531
2006 $12,641 $1,183
2005 $10,415 $1,034
2004 $8,916 $897
2003 $7,205 $682
2002 $5,343 $571
2001 $4,503 $507
2000 $4,071 $441
1999 $4,141 $399
1998 $4,093 $579
1997 $3,683 $657
1996 $3,381 $575
1995 $3,134 $594
1994 $2,819 $574
1993 $2,686 $797
1992 - $778
1991 - $1,038
1990 - $1,207

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/moldova | CC BY

Estonia vs. Moldova life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

Moldova
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia Moldova
2026 79.6 71.6
2025 79.5 71.5
2024 79.3 71.3
2023 79.2 71.2
2022 78.2 71.5
2021 77.4 69
2020 78.9 69.9
2019 78.8 70.2
2018 78.3 70.2
2017 78.2 70.4
2016 77.8 70.2
2015 77.7 70.1
2014 77.1 70.2
2013 77.3 70.3
2012 76.4 70.3
2011 76.3 70.2
2010 75.9 69.9
2009 75.2 69.4
2008 74.3 69
2007 73.2 68.7
2006 73.2 68.4
2005 73 68.2
2004 72.4 68
2003 71.9 67.9
2002 71.4 67.8
2001 70.8 67.7
2000 71 67.5
1999 70.7 67.2
1998 69.8 66.8
1997 70.2 66.5
1996 70 66.2
1995 67.8 66.2
1994 66.7 66.3
1993 68.2 66.7
1992 69.2 66.7
1991 69.8 67.6
1990 69.9 67.9
1989 70.5 68.2
1988 71 68.2
1987 70.9 67.9
1986 70.9 67.4
1985 69.8 66.9
1984 69.6 66.4
1983 69.8 66.1
1982 69.9 65.9
1981 69.3 65.6
1980 69.5 65.2
1979 69.4 64.8
1978 69.7 64.5
1977 69.8 64.2
1976 69.7 64
1975 70.1 63.7
1974 70.8 63.4
1973 70.7 63.2
1972 70.4 62.9
1971 70.6 62.7
1970 70.4 62.4
1969 70.3 62.2
1968 70.6 62
1967 71 61.8
1966 70.7 61.6
1965 70.7 61.3
1964 70.6 61
1963 69.9 60.6
1962 69.8 60.3
1961 69.6 59.9
1960 69.3 59.4
1959 68.7 59
1958 68.8 58.5
1957 68.8 58
1956 68.5 57.4
1955 68.2 56.9
1954 67.8 56.3
1953 67.5 55.7
1952 67.2 55.1
1951 66.8 54.5
1950 66.4 54

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/moldova | CC BY

Estonia and Moldova population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

Moldova
1x
Year Population
Estonia Moldova
2024 1,372,341 2,402,306
2023 1,370,286 2,457,783
2022 1,348,840 2,528,654
2021 1,330,932 2,595,809
2020 1,329,522 2,635,130
2019 1,326,898 2,664,224
2018 1,321,977 2,707,203
2017 1,317,384 2,755,189
2016 1,315,790 2,803,186
2015 1,315,407 2,835,978
2014 1,314,545 2,857,815
2013 1,317,997 2,859,558
2012 1,322,696 2,860,324
2011 1,327,439 2,860,699
2010 1,331,475 2,862,354
2009 1,334,515 2,865,213
2008 1,337,090 2,868,833
2007 1,340,680 2,874,299
2006 1,346,810 2,880,967
2005 1,354,775 2,888,985
2004 1,362,550 2,896,023
2003 1,370,720 2,903,198
2002 1,379,350 2,911,385
2001 1,388,115 2,918,135
2000 1,396,985 2,924,668
1999 1,390,244 2,930,622
1998 1,386,156 2,935,227
1997 1,399,535 2,936,413
1996 1,415,594 2,947,293
1995 1,436,634 2,953,200
1994 1,462,514 2,966,745
1993 1,494,128 2,975,966
1992 1,533,091 2,980,965
1991 1,561,314 2,981,566
1990 1,569,174 2,977,912
1989 1,568,131 2,970,039
1988 1,561,900 2,948,891
1987 1,552,221 2,916,306
1986 1,540,190 2,883,057
1985 1,528,781 2,850,787
1984 1,518,617 2,820,518
1983 1,508,745 2,791,207
1982 1,498,414 2,763,101
1981 1,487,666 2,735,987
1980 1,477,219 2,708,675
1979 1,468,333 2,683,035
1978 1,460,188 2,656,211
1977 1,450,211 2,626,298
1976 1,439,576 2,596,491
1975 1,429,352 2,566,998
1974 1,418,169 2,538,164
1973 1,405,951 2,510,584
1972 1,392,518 2,484,742
1971 1,376,955 2,460,611
1970 1,360,076 2,437,590
1969 1,345,249 2,408,469
1968 1,331,214 2,373,073
1967 1,318,946 2,337,695
1966 1,308,597 2,301,871
1965 1,294,566 2,265,287
1964 1,277,086 2,228,000
1963 1,258,857 2,188,895
1962 1,241,623 2,147,227
1961 1,225,077 2,103,327
1960 1,211,537 2,058,020

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/moldova | CC BY

Fertility rates in Estonia and Moldova

Fertility rate
Estonia

Moldova
1x
Year Fertility rate
Estonia Moldova
2023 1.31 1.73
2022 1.41 1.69
2021 1.61 1.75
2020 1.58 1.77
2019 1.66 1.78
2018 1.67 1.81
2017 1.59 1.81
2016 1.6 1.89
2015 1.58 1.87
2014 1.54 1.82
2013 1.52 1.62
2012 1.56 1.66
2011 1.61 1.65
2010 1.72 1.7
2009 1.7 1.72
2008 1.72 1.64
2007 1.69 1.58
2006 1.58 1.54
2005 1.52 1.53
2004 1.47 1.54
2003 1.37 1.48
2002 1.36 1.45
2001 1.32 1.47
2000 1.36 1.5
1999 1.3 1.56
1998 1.28 1.65
1997 1.32 1.79
1996 1.37 1.71
1995 1.38 1.83
1994 1.42 1.99
1993 1.49 2.11
1992 1.71 2.22
1991 1.8 2.28
1990 2.05 2.39
1989 2.22 2.46
1988 2.27 2.63
1987 2.27 2.78
1986 2.18 2.74
1985 2.13 2.67
1984 2.17 2.67
1983 2.16 2.58
1982 2.07 2.45
1981 2.07 2.4
1980 2.02 2.38
1979 2 2.38
1978 2.02 2.39
1977 2.06 2.42
1976 2.07 2.47
1975 2.04 2.52
1974 2.07 2.56
1973 2.06 2.57
1972 2.13 2.56
1971 2.19 2.56
1970 2.17 2.57
1969 2.13 2.57
1968 2.03 2.59
1967 1.9 2.62
1966 1.87 2.65
1965 1.88 2.69
1964 1.94 2.71
1963 1.89 2.89
1962 1.95 3.04
1961 1.98 3.23
1960 1.98 3.32

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/moldova | CC BY

Estonia and Moldova demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

Moldova
1x
Year Median age, years
Estonia Moldova
2024 43.3 39.1
2023 42.9 38.8
2022 42.7 38.6
2021 42.5 38.3
2020 42.4 38
2019 42.2 37.6
2018 42 37.2
2017 41.9 36.8
2016 41.7 36.5
2015 41.5 36.1
2014 41.4 35.7
2013 41.1 35.4
2012 40.9 35.1
2011 40.6 34.9
2010 40.3 34.6
2009 40 34.3
2008 39.8 33.9
2007 39.7 33.6
2006 39.6 33.3
2005 39.3 33
2004 39.1 32.8
2003 38.8 32.6
2002 38.5 32.4
2001 38.3 32.2
2000 38 32
1999 37.6 31.8
1998 37.3 31.5
1997 37 31.3
1996 36.7 31.2
1995 36.3 31
1994 36 30.8
1993 35.6 30.6
1992 35 30.4
1991 34.6 30.2
1990 34.3 29.8
1989 34.2 29.5
1988 34.1 29.3
1987 34 29.1
1986 34 28.9
1985 33.9 28.7
1984 33.9 28.5
1983 33.9 28.3
1982 33.8 28.1
1981 33.8 27.9
1980 33.9 27.6
1979 34 27.6
1978 34.2 27.5
1977 34.3 27.2
1976 34.3 26.9
1975 34.2 26.7
1974 34.2 26.5
1973 34.1 26.3
1972 33.9 26.3
1971 33.8 26.3
1970 33.7 26.4
1969 33.7 26.4
1968 33.6 26.3
1967 33.4 26.1
1966 33.2 25.9
1965 33 25.7
1964 32.8 25.4
1963 32.7 25.1
1962 32.5 24.9
1961 32.4 24.7
1960 32.2 24.6

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/moldova | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia Moldova
GNI, Atlas method
$39.6B
2024
$16.5B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2024
38%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
6.63%
2023
Military expenditure, % of GDP
3.37%
2024
0.6%
2024
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
6,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-1.51%
2024
-3.88%
2024
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2024
1.43%
2024
Services, % of GDP
65.7%
2024
62.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2024
16.8%
2024
Economic freedom index
78.7
2026
58.1
2026
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
22.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
4.3%
2023
Number of billionaires
2
2025
n/a
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
n/a
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$2.07B
2024
$5.48B
2024
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$1.92B
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
29,000
2020
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
11%
2020
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
55.5%
2024

Energy

Estonia Moldova
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,089 kg
2023
1,297 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$15.7
2023
$13.7
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
10.6 megatons
2024
8.21 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.76 tons
2024
3.42 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
81.3%
2022
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
21.4%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
2.9%
2023
1.78%
2023
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
81.2%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,722 kWh
2023
2,412 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
6.5%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.42%
2023
4.73%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia Moldova
% of world population
0.02%
2024
0.03%
2024
Annual migration change
-13,350
2025
-29,766
2025
Urban population
70.7%
2024
43.5%
2024
Male:Female ratio
47.5:52.5
2024
46:54
2024
Average male height
6 ft
2025
5.76 ft
2025
Average female height
5.53 ft
2025
5.35 ft
2025
Quality of life index
83.6
2026
50.2
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2025
42
2025
Higher education index
81
2026
39
2026
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
2.54
2023
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
7.3
2019
Visa free countries
171
2025
122
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
99.6%
2021
English speaking
50.2%
2023
2%
2025
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
80.2%
2023

Health

Estonia Moldova
Government health expenditure per capita
$2,438
2024
$452
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$521
2024
$124.1
2023
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
71.6 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.009%
2023
2.1%
2023
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.47
2022
4.02
2023
Age at first childbirth
28.7 years
2023
25.1 years
2021
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
19
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
2.1
2023
14.7
2023
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
23.7%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
6.3%
2024
Air quality index
95
2026
57
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
28.3%
2022
29.7%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
11.1 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia Moldova
% of world land
0.03%
2026
0.02%
2026
Land area per capita
12,022 sq mi
2024
5,293 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2026
9,421 sq mi
2026
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2026
1,492 sq mi
2026
Roads length n/a
5,811 mi
2012

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2021–2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  9. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  10. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  11. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  12. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)

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