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Estonia vs Poland statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 36.6M in Poland (ranked 42/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 118,252 sq mi for Poland (ranked 129th vs. 69th).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 100/197 ($43.1B) and Poland ranks 21/197 ($918B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,428), while Poland ranks 48/197 ($25,104).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia Poland
Population
1339590
35806942
Population rank 155/197 47/197
GDP
$43.1B
2024
$918B
2024
GDP rank 100/197 21/197
GDP per capita
$31,428
2024
$25,104
2024
GDP per capita rank 40/197 48/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,969
2024
$51,263
2024
Government debt
$10.1B
2024
$507B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
23.4%
2024
55.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$7,356
2024
$13,874
2024
Government debt per person rank 65/185 41/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,740
2026
$20,736
2026
Land area 16,498 sq mi 118,252 sq mi
Population density
81.2 ppl/mi²
2026
303 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
1.31
2023
1.16
2023
Median age
43.3 years
2024
42.9 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
79.2 years
2026

Estonia and Poland: Comparison Charts

Estonia and Poland economies compared

GDP
Estonia

Poland
1x
Year GDP
Estonia Poland
2024 $43,130,419,829 $917,767,106,147
2023 $41,470,344,395 $812,451,193,396
2022 $38,226,641,740 $695,607,470,875
2021 $37,201,101,171 $689,170,230,665
2020 $31,820,771,494 $605,914,237,904
2019 $31,873,748,770 $602,683,770,145
2018 $31,222,632,741 $594,616,687,350
2017 $27,469,461,919 $528,356,676,667
2016 $24,561,027,788 $473,259,583,970
2015 $23,311,847,751 $480,054,118,583
2014 $27,055,689,003 $542,134,167,179
2013 $25,451,032,781 $518,179,836,405
2012 $23,237,406,116 $498,148,649,703
2011 $23,303,915,795 $527,848,543,023
2010 $19,524,355,419 $478,111,630,684
2009 $19,633,984,440 $440,891,472,247
2008 $24,342,935,404 $535,612,030,672
2007 $22,450,264,166 $429,715,132,138
2006 $17,025,671,810 $345,897,630,736
2005 $14,109,491,357 $306,999,913,151
2004 $12,148,595,031 $256,268,656,145
2003 $9,876,595,528 $218,561,225,998
2002 $7,370,119,619 $199,694,463,256
2001 $6,250,218,423 $191,823,200,371
2000 $5,686,579,748 $172,953,527,033
1999 $5,756,912,266 $170,704,452,715
1998 $5,674,080,543 $175,282,269,667
1997 $5,154,420,649 $159,893,964,917
1996 $4,786,018,988 $160,813,026,223
1995 $4,502,970,889 $142,838,527,115
1994 $4,123,011,420 $110,803,635,288
1993 $4,013,091,682 $96,043,157,273
1992 - $94,337,050,693
1991 - $85,500,935,935
1990 - $65,977,748,211

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/poland | CC BY

Estonia and Poland economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

Poland
1x
Year GDP per capita
Estonia Poland
2024 $31,428 $25,104
2023 $30,264 $22,145
2022 $28,340 $18,891
2021 $27,951 $18,636
2020 $23,934 $16,151
2019 $24,021 $15,875
2018 $23,618 $15,658
2017 $20,852 $13,913
2016 $18,666 $12,464
2015 $17,722 $12,638
2014 $20,582 $14,262
2013 $19,310 $13,622
2012 $17,568 $13,087
2011 $17,556 $13,868
2010 $14,664 $12,568
2009 $14,712 $11,556
2008 $18,206 $14,049
2007 $16,745 $11,273
2006 $12,641 $9,069
2005 $10,415 $8,044
2004 $8,916 $6,712
2003 $7,205 $5,721
2002 $5,343 $5,223
2001 $4,503 $5,015
2000 $4,071 $4,521
1999 $4,141 $4,416
1998 $4,093 $4,534
1997 $3,683 $4,137
1996 $3,381 $4,164
1995 $3,134 $3,701
1994 $2,819 $2,875
1993 $2,686 $2,497
1992 - $2,459
1991 - $2,236
1990 - $1,731

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/poland | CC BY

Estonia vs. Poland life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

Poland
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia Poland
2026 79.6 79.2
2025 79.5 79
2024 79.3 78.8
2023 79.2 78.6
2022 78.2 77.9
2021 77.4 75.6
2020 78.9 76.6
2019 78.8 77.9
2018 78.3 77.6
2017 78.2 77.7
2016 77.8 77.6
2015 77.7 77.6
2014 77.1 77.3
2013 77.3 77.1
2012 76.4 76.8
2011 76.3 76.6
2010 75.9 76.3
2009 75.2 75.9
2008 74.3 75.6
2007 73.2 75.4
2006 73.2 75.3
2005 73 75.1
2004 72.4 74.9
2003 71.9 74.8
2002 71.4 74.5
2001 70.8 74.2
2000 71 73.6
1999 70.7 73.2
1998 69.8 72.8
1997 70.2 72.6
1996 70 72.3
1995 67.8 72
1994 66.7 71.7
1993 68.2 71.3
1992 69.2 70.9
1991 69.8 70.7
1990 69.9 70.6
1989 70.5 70.8
1988 71 70.8
1987 70.9 70.8
1986 70.9 70.6
1985 69.8 70.5
1984 69.6 70.6
1983 69.8 70.8
1982 69.9 70.9
1981 69.3 70.6
1980 69.5 70.5
1979 69.4 70.2
1978 69.7 70.4
1977 69.8 70.3
1976 69.7 70.4
1975 70.1 70.6
1974 70.8 70.7
1973 70.7 70.7
1972 70.4 70.1
1971 70.6 69.8
1970 70.4 69.6
1969 70.3 69.8
1968 70.6 69.8
1967 71 69.9
1966 70.7 69.7
1965 70.7 69.4
1964 70.6 68.9
1963 69.9 68.3
1962 69.8 68
1961 69.6 67.8
1960 69.3 67.1
1959 68.7 66.4
1958 68.8 64.9
1957 68.8 64.4
1956 68.5 63.4
1955 68.2 63.1
1954 67.8 62.3
1953 67.5 61.3
1952 67.2 59.7
1951 66.8 58.9
1950 66.4 58.3

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/poland | CC BY

Estonia and Poland population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

Poland
1x
Year Population
Estonia Poland
2024 1,372,341 36,559,233
2023 1,370,286 36,687,353
2022 1,348,840 36,821,749
2021 1,330,932 36,981,559
2020 1,329,522 37,515,748
2019 1,326,898 37,965,475
2018 1,321,977 37,974,750
2017 1,317,384 37,974,826
2016 1,315,790 37,970,087
2015 1,315,407 37,986,412
2014 1,314,545 38,011,735
2013 1,317,997 38,040,196
2012 1,322,696 38,063,164
2011 1,327,439 38,063,255
2010 1,331,475 38,042,794
2009 1,334,515 38,151,603
2008 1,337,090 38,125,759
2007 1,340,680 38,120,560
2006 1,346,810 38,141,267
2005 1,354,775 38,165,445
2004 1,362,550 38,182,222
2003 1,370,720 38,204,570
2002 1,379,350 38,230,364
2001 1,388,115 38,248,076
2000 1,396,985 38,258,629
1999 1,390,244 38,660,271
1998 1,386,156 38,663,481
1997 1,399,535 38,649,660
1996 1,415,594 38,624,370
1995 1,436,634 38,594,998
1994 1,462,514 38,542,652
1993 1,494,128 38,461,408
1992 1,533,091 38,363,667
1991 1,561,314 38,246,193
1990 1,569,174 38,110,782
1989 1,568,131 37,961,529
1988 1,561,900 37,824,487
1987 1,552,221 37,668,045
1986 1,540,190 37,456,119
1985 1,528,781 37,201,885
1984 1,518,617 36,904,134
1983 1,508,745 36,571,808
1982 1,498,414 36,230,481
1981 1,487,666 35,898,587
1980 1,477,219 35,574,150
1979 1,468,333 35,247,217
1978 1,460,188 34,965,600
1977 1,450,211 34,689,050
1976 1,439,576 34,356,300
1975 1,429,352 34,015,199
1974 1,418,169 33,678,899
1973 1,405,951 33,357,200
1972 1,392,518 33,055,650
1971 1,376,955 32,783,500
1970 1,360,076 32,664,300
1969 1,345,249 32,548,300
1968 1,331,214 32,294,655
1967 1,318,946 31,987,155
1966 1,308,597 31,681,000
1965 1,294,566 31,444,950
1964 1,277,086 31,139,450
1963 1,258,857 30,712,000
1962 1,241,623 30,308,500
1961 1,225,077 29,964,000
1960 1,211,537 29,637,450

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/poland | CC BY

Fertility rates in Estonia and Poland

Fertility rate
Estonia

Poland
1x
Year Fertility rate
Estonia Poland
2023 1.31 1.16
2022 1.41 1.29
2021 1.61 1.33
2020 1.58 1.39
2019 1.66 1.44
2018 1.67 1.46
2017 1.59 1.48
2016 1.6 1.39
2015 1.58 1.32
2014 1.54 1.32
2013 1.52 1.29
2012 1.56 1.33
2011 1.61 1.33
2010 1.72 1.41
2009 1.7 1.4
2008 1.72 1.39
2007 1.69 1.31
2006 1.58 1.27
2005 1.52 1.24
2004 1.47 1.23
2003 1.37 1.22
2002 1.36 1.25
2001 1.32 1.31
2000 1.36 1.37
1999 1.3 1.37
1998 1.28 1.44
1997 1.32 1.51
1996 1.37 1.59
1995 1.38 1.62
1994 1.42 1.81
1993 1.49 1.87
1992 1.71 1.95
1991 1.8 2.07
1990 2.05 2.06
1989 2.22 2.08
1988 2.27 2.13
1987 2.27 2.15
1986 2.18 2.22
1985 2.13 2.33
1984 2.17 2.37
1983 2.16 2.42
1982 2.07 2.34
1981 2.07 2.24
1980 2.02 2.28
1979 2 2.28
1978 2.02 2.21
1977 2.06 2.23
1976 2.07 2.3
1975 2.04 2.27
1974 2.07 2.26
1973 2.06 2.26
1972 2.13 2.24
1971 2.19 2.25
1970 2.17 2.2
1969 2.13 2.2
1968 2.03 2.24
1967 1.9 2.33
1966 1.87 2.34
1965 1.88 2.52
1964 1.94 2.57
1963 1.89 2.7
1962 1.95 2.72
1961 1.98 2.83
1960 1.98 2.98

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/poland | CC BY

Estonia and Poland demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

Poland
1x
Year Median age, years
Estonia Poland
2024 43.3 42.9
2023 42.9 42.4
2022 42.7 41.9
2021 42.5 41.5
2020 42.4 41.1
2019 42.2 40.8
2018 42 40.4
2017 41.9 40
2016 41.7 39.7
2015 41.5 39.3
2014 41.4 39
2013 41.1 38.7
2012 40.9 38.4
2011 40.6 38.2
2010 40.3 38.1
2009 40 37.8
2008 39.8 37.5
2007 39.7 37.2
2006 39.6 36.9
2005 39.3 36.6
2004 39.1 36.3
2003 38.8 36
2002 38.5 35.8
2001 38.3 35.5
2000 38 35.2
1999 37.6 35
1998 37.3 34.7
1997 37 34.4
1996 36.7 34.2
1995 36.3 33.9
1994 36 33.5
1993 35.6 33.2
1992 35 32.9
1991 34.6 32.6
1990 34.3 32.4
1989 34.2 32.1
1988 34.1 31.7
1987 34 31.4
1986 34 31.1
1985 33.9 30.8
1984 33.9 30.6
1983 33.9 30.3
1982 33.8 30.1
1981 33.8 29.8
1980 33.9 29.5
1979 34 29.3
1978 34.2 29.1
1977 34.3 28.9
1976 34.3 28.7
1975 34.2 28.6
1974 34.2 28.6
1973 34.1 28.5
1972 33.9 28.5
1971 33.8 28.4
1970 33.7 28.2
1969 33.7 28.1
1968 33.6 28
1967 33.4 27.8
1966 33.2 27.7
1965 33 27.5
1964 32.8 27.3
1963 32.7 27.1
1962 32.5 26.9
1961 32.4 26.8
1960 32.2 26.6

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/poland | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia Poland
GNI, Atlas method
$39.6B
2024
$789B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2024
49.4%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
4.31%
2022
Military expenditure, % of GDP
3.37%
2024
4.15%
2024
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
189,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-1.51%
2024
-6.59%
2024
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2024
2.81%
2024
Services, % of GDP
65.7%
2024
59.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2024
27.2%
2024
Economic freedom index
78.7
2026
68.5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
22.9%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
3.3%
2023
Number of billionaires
2
2025
10
2025
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
0.00003%
2025
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
749
2024
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$197B
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.07B
2024
$223B
2024
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$8.69B
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
88,515,000
2019
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
2.63%
2020
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
86.1%
2024

Energy

Estonia Poland
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,089 kg
2023
2,639 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$15.7
2023
$18.4
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
10.6 megatons
2024
276.1 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.76 tons
2024
7.55 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
84.6%
2023
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
15.2%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
2.9%
2023
3.47%
2023
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
48.8%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,722 kWh
2023
4,382 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
17.5%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.42%
2023
2.23%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia Poland
% of world population
0.02%
2024
0.45%
2024
Annual migration change
-13,350
2025
-330,820
2025
Urban population
70.7%
2024
60%
2024
Male:Female ratio
47.5:52.5
2024
48.4:51.6
2024
Average male height
6 ft
2025
5.93 ft
2025
Average female height
5.53 ft
2025
5.44 ft
2025
Quality of life index
83.6
2026
77.3
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2025
53
2025
Higher education index
81
2026
83
2026
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
0.8
2023
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
9.4
2019
Visa free countries
171
2025
171
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
99.8%
2021
English speaking
50.2%
2023
49.1%
2023
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
88.6%
2024

Health

Estonia Poland
Government health expenditure per capita
$2,438
2024
$2,014
2024
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$521
2024
$326
2024
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
79.2 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.009%
2023
0.06%
2023
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.47
2022
4.03
2023
Age at first childbirth
28.7 years
2023
28.4 years
2023
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
2
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
2.1
2023
4.4
2023
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
28.3%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
8.1%
2024
Air quality index
95
2026
51
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
28.3%
2022
23.6%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
11.7 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia Poland
% of world land
0.03%
2026
0.21%
2026
Land area per capita
12,022 sq mi
2024
3,235 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2026
56,294 sq mi
2026
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2026
36,753 sq mi
2026
Roads length n/a
267,065 mi
2024

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  8. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  10. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  11. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  12. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)

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