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Estonia birth & fertility rate charts by year

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a birth rate of 8 (annual births per 1,000 people) and a fertility rate of 1.31 (the average amount of children a woman would have during her lifetime).

In 1960, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.98 children per woman — 1.51 times higher than in 2023.

Estonia birth rate statistics:

  • Estonia is ranked 176/196 by birth rate now and was ranked 188/194 in 1960.
  • The mean age at first birth in Estonia is 28.7 — it was 22.7 in 1990.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 31.2, a change from 25.6 in 1990.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) changed from 25.4 in 1960 to 5.03 in 2023.
  • 21.1% of the population in 2024 is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), a change from 27% in 1960.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% — -5,070 more people died than were born.

Birth rates in Estonia compared to world average

Estonia World
Fertility rate 1.31 2.2
Birth rate 8 16.3
Birth rate rank 176/196 N/A
Age at first childbirth 28.7 years 23.1 years
Average age at childbearing 31.2 years 28.3 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 4.42 37.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 57.3 120.4
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 13.5 22
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 21.1% 24.4%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 60.9% 54.1%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.6% 83.3%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.005% 0.2%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.1% 1.73%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.16% 2.71%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.21% 2.49%
Population change due to births and deaths -5,070 +70,600,901
Natural population change rank 167/196 N/A
Natural population change rate -0.37% +0.88%
Population growth +0.12% +0.96%
Population growth rank 157/197 N/A
Life expectancy 79.5 years 73.5 years

Fertility rate in Estonia chart

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 in 2023 and has been below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman since 1990. In 1993, the fertility rate was 1.49 — a -12.1% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases the historical changes in birth rates.

Estonia
Factual

UN forecast
World
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Estonia World
1960 1.98 4.69
1961 1.98 4.56
1962 1.95 5.02
1963 1.89 5.31
1964 1.94 5.13
1965 1.88 5.08
1966 1.87 4.97
1967 1.9 4.87
1968 2.03 4.98
1969 2.13 4.88
1970 2.17 4.84
1971 2.19 4.69
1972 2.13 4.55
1973 2.06 4.42
1974 2.07 4.26
1975 2.04 4.07
1976 2.07 3.97
1977 2.06 3.84
1978 2.02 3.77
1979 2 3.76
1980 2.02 3.73
1981 2.07 3.71
1982 2.07 3.72
1983 2.16 3.59
1984 2.17 3.57
1985 2.13 3.53
1986 2.18 3.51
1987 2.27 3.48
1988 2.27 3.39
1989 2.22 3.35
1990 2.05 3.31
1991 1.8 3.13
1992 1.71 3.04
1993 1.49 2.97
1994 1.42 2.92
1995 1.38 2.87
1996 1.37 2.82
1997 1.32 2.78
1998 1.28 2.75
1999 1.3 2.72
2000 1.36 2.73
2001 1.32 2.69
2002 1.36 2.66
2003 1.37 2.64
2004 1.47 2.63
2005 1.52 2.61
2006 1.58 2.61
2007 1.69 2.6
2008 1.72 2.6
2009 1.7 2.59
2010 1.72 2.57
2011 1.61 2.55
2012 1.56 2.56
2013 1.52 2.53
2014 1.54 2.52
2015 1.58 2.49
2016 1.6 2.49
2017 1.59 2.46
2018 1.67 2.39
2019 1.66 2.35
2020 1.58 2.28
2021 1.61 2.25
2022 1.41 2.22
2023 1.31 2.2
2024 1.32 2.19
2025 1.33 2.18
2026 1.34 2.18
2027 1.35 2.17
2028 1.36 2.16
2029 1.37 2.15
2030 1.38 2.14
2031 1.39 2.13
2032 1.39 2.12
2033 1.4 2.12
2034 1.4 2.11
2035 1.41 2.1
2036 1.41 2.09
2037 1.42 2.09
2038 1.42 2.08
2039 1.42 2.08
2040 1.43 2.08
2041 1.43 2.07
2042 1.44 2.07
2043 1.44 2.07
2044 1.44 2.07
2045 1.45 2.06
2046 1.45 2.06
2047 1.46 2.06
2048 1.46 2.05
2049 1.46 2.05
2050 1.46 2.05

Birth rates by women ages chart

In 2025, of all live births 1.58% were to women under 20 years old, 34.1% to women ages 20-29, and 64.4% to women ages 30 and above. In comparison, the percentages in 1990 were 13%, 64.6%, and 22.4% for the same age groups respectively. A chart displaying the historical birth rates in Estonia by maternal age is provided below.

Annual births per 1,000 women ages

15-19
20-29
30+
Year Annual births per 1,000 women
Total per 1,000 women 15-19 20-29 30+
1960 29.9 25.2 122 16.8
1961 29.6 25.1 124.1 16.4
1962 29 20.6 124.3 15.8
1963 27.7 18.8 122.3 15.1
1964 27.9 19.5 126.5 14.7
1965 26.6 21.4 123.1 13.6
1966 25.9 23.1 120.5 13.4
1967 26 24 122.8 13
1968 27.3 28.1 130.7 13.4
1969 28.3 28.9 138.8 13.8
1970 29.1 31.4 144.2 13.6
1971 29.7 32.5 147.9 13.6
1972 28.8 32.3 145.3 13.1
1973 27.9 32.6 141.7 12
1974 28 35 142.3 10.9
1975 27.6 35.8 139.9 9.93
1976 28 36.6 140.2 9.7
1977 28.2 38.4 139.5 9.58
1978 27.9 40.1 137.4 9.17
1979 27.7 42.4 136.7 9.11
1980 27.9 44.4 138.5 8.96
1981 28.7 44.8 142 9.39
1982 28.7 41.6 143.3 9.79
1983 29.9 41.5 148.3 10.5
1984 29.9 42.7 148.8 10.5
1985 29 42.2 145 10.3
1986 29.4 41.2 147.3 10.9
1987 30.4 42.5 152.9 11.4
1988 30 44.3 151.8 11.5
1989 29.1 51.7 145.8 11
1990 26.7 54.5 133.2 9.88
1991 23.3 53 118.4 8.22
1992 22.2 50.5 113 7.71
1993 19.1 43.9 100.4 6.34
1994 18.2 40.4 95.5 5.96
1995 17.6 37.5 92.3 5.89
1996 17.6 35 90.5 6.05
1997 16.8 30.4 85.7 6.1
1998 16.5 26.8 82.8 6.21
1999 16.9 26.2 82 6.59
2000 17.6 26.1 83.6 7.6
2001 17 24.4 80.4 7.8
2002 17.6 23.2 81.4 8.47
2003 17.8 22 81.3 8.79
2004 19.3 22.5 85.6 9.79
2005 19.8 22.5 86.3 10.6
2006 20.6 23.6 88.6 11.3
2007 22 25.8 91.8 12.4
2008 22.4 25.2 91.3 13.1
2009 22.1 22.8 89.1 13.3
2010 22.3 19.7 87.8 14
2011 20.8 17.5 80.4 13.7
2012 19.9 16.4 77.8 13.3
2013 19.3 16.2 75.8 13
2014 19.3 15.4 77.1 13.4
2015 19.9 12.8 78 14.2
2016 20.2 11 78.6 15
2017 19.8 9.81 77.4 15.3
2018 20.6 9.33 79.1 16.5
2019 20.1 8.39 78.6 16.7
2020 18.8 7.23 72.1 16.3
2021 19 6.29 70.3 16.6
2022 16.4 5.25 60.9 14.5
2023 15.2 5.01 58.4 13.7
2024 15.2 4.69 58 13.7
2025 14.9 4.42 57.3 13.5

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Estonia
Factual

UN forecast
World
Factual

UN forecast
Year Children 0-14 as share of population
Estonia World
1960 23.1% 37.4%
1961 23.3% 37.5%
1962 23.3% 37.6%
1963 23.2% 37.8%
1964 23% 38%
1965 22.8% 38%
1966 22.6% 38%
1967 22.3% 38%
1968 22.2% 37.9%
1969 22.1% 37.8%
1970 22.1% 37.7%
1971 22% 37.6%
1972 22% 37.5%
1973 21.9% 37.3%
1974 21.8% 37.2%
1975 21.6% 37.1%
1976 21.6% 36.9%
1977 21.5% 36.7%
1978 21.5% 36.3%
1979 21.6% 35.9%
1980 21.7% 35.5%
1981 21.8% 35.2%
1982 21.9% 34.9%
1983 22% 34.6%
1984 22.1% 34.3%
1985 22.1% 34%
1986 22.1% 33.8%
1987 22.2% 33.6%
1988 22.2% 33.4%
1989 22.3% 33.2%
1990 22.3% 33%
1991 22.1% 32.9%
1992 21.8% 32.7%
1993 21.4% 32.5%
1994 21.1% 32.3%
1995 20.7% 32.1%
1996 20.3% 31.8%
1997 19.8% 31.5%
1998 19.2% 31.1%
1999 18.4% 30.8%
2000 17.6% 30.4%
2001 17.2% 30%
2002 16.6% 29.6%
2003 16.1% 29.2%
2004 15.6% 28.8%
2005 15.2% 28.5%
2006 15% 28.1%
2007 14.9% 27.9%
2008 14.9% 27.6%
2009 15% 27.5%
2010 15.2% 27.3%
2011 15.4% 27.1%
2012 15.6% 27%
2013 15.7% 26.9%
2014 15.9% 26.8%
2015 16% 26.6%
2016 16.2% 26.5%
2017 16.3% 26.4%
2018 16.4% 26.2%
2019 16.4% 26%
2020 16.4% 25.8%
2021 16.4% 25.6%
2022 16.2% 25.3%
2023 16% 25%
2024 15.6% 24.7%
2025 15.3% 24.4%
2026 14.9% 24.1%
2027 14.6% 23.8%
2028 14.3% 23.4%
2029 14% 23.1%
2030 13.7% 22.8%
2031 13.4% 22.6%
2032 13.1% 22.3%
2033 12.8% 22.1%
2034 12.4% 21.9%
2035 12.2% 21.7%
2036 12% 21.6%
2037 11.8% 21.5%
2038 11.8% 21.4%
2039 11.9% 21.3%
2040 11.9% 21.2%
2041 12% 21.1%
2042 12.1% 21%
2043 12.2% 21%
2044 12.3% 20.9%
2045 12.5% 20.8%
2046 12.6% 20.7%
2047 12.8% 20.7%
2048 12.9% 20.6%
2049 13% 20.5%
2050 13.1% 20.4%

The share of children aged 0-14 in Estonia was 23.1% in 1960, 21.4% in 1993, and 15.6% as of the latest data in 2025.

More about the demographics of Estonia.

Natural population change by year

For the past 10 years, the natural population change in Estonia, excluding migration, has been -0.21% annually. On average, -2,768 more people died each year than were born.

Population change due to births and deaths
Year Population change due to births and deaths
Estonia
1960 7,511
1961 7,228
1962 6,457
1963 6,043
1964 6,897
1965 5,437
1966 4,842
1967 5,012
1968 5,592
1969 5,515
1970 6,257
1971 7,160
1972 6,267
1973 5,623
1974 5,956
1975 4,717
1976 4,319
1977 4,931
1978 4,088
1979 3,818
1980 3,989
1981 4,612
1982 5,244
1983 5,884
1984 5,163
1985 4,281
1986 6,160
1987 6,829
1988 6,404
1989 5,803
1990 2,825
1991 -312
1992 -1,993
1993 -5,976
1994 -8,044
1995 -7,327
1996 -5,662
1997 -6,018
1998 -7,208
1999 -6,117
2000 -5,309
2001 -5,830
2002 -5,380
2003 -5,072
2004 -3,679
2005 -2,981
2006 -2,559
2007 -1,608
2008 -668
2009 -400
2010 0
2011 -531
2012 -1,455
2013 -1,713
2014 -1,972
2015 -1,315
2016 -1,316
2017 -1,713
2018 -1,322
2019 -1,327
2020 -2,659
2021 -5,324
2022 -5,665
2023 -5,070

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart

The maternal mortality rate in Estonia was 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.005% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a -81.5% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Estonia
World's average
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Estonia World
1985 56 460
1986 46 438
1987 42 429
1988 43 414
1989 48 401
1990 44 391
1991 42 395
1992 40 395
1993 46 389
1994 60 382
1995 45 371
1996 36 366
1997 31 358
1998 32 360
1999 28 340
2000 27 328
2001 25 321
2002 22 311
2003 18 301
2004 15 291
2005 15 283
2006 13 276
2007 13 269
2008 11 264
2009 10 258
2010 8 253
2011 9 247
2012 8 239
2013 6 235
2014 7 231
2015 6 228
2016 7 220
2017 5 215
2018 5 211
2019 6 207
2020 6 211
2021 8 242
2022 7 203
2023 5 197

Under-five mortality rate chart

The under-5 mortality rate in Estonia was 2.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.21% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 11 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.

Estonia
World's average

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Estonia World
1960 - 18.5%
1961 - 18.1%
1962 - 17.8%
1963 - 17.5%
1964 - 17.7%
1965 - 17.5%
1966 - 17.3%
1967 - 17%
1968 - 16.5%
1969 - 15.5%
1970 - 15.2%
1971 - 15.1%
1972 - 14.4%
1973 - 14.1%
1974 - 13.7%
1975 - 13.4%
1976 - 13%
1977 - 12.5%
1978 - 12.1%
1979 - 11.7%
1980 2.24% 11.4%
1981 2.16% 11%
1982 2.09% 10.8%
1983 2.02% 10.6%
1984 1.96% 10.4%
1985 1.91% 10.1%
1986 1.86% 9.81%
1987 1.83% 9.47%
1988 1.81% 9.31%
1989 1.79% 9.02%
1990 1.77% 8.81%
1991 1.75% 8.66%
1992 1.73% 8.46%
1993 1.69% 8.19%
1994 1.64% 7.98%
1995 1.57% 7.76%
1996 1.48% 7.52%
1997 1.39% 7.28%
1998 1.29% 7.05%
1999 1.2% 6.76%
2000 1.1% 6.48%
2001 1.01% 6.21%
2002 0.93% 5.94%
2003 0.85% 5.65%
2004 0.78% 5.43%
2005 0.71% 5.16%
2006 0.65% 4.92%
2007 0.59% 4.7%
2008 0.54% 4.5%
2009 0.5% 4.31%
2010 0.46% 4.11%
2011 0.42% 3.97%
2012 0.39% 3.77%
2013 0.36% 3.61%
2014 0.34% 3.48%
2015 0.32% 3.35%
2016 0.3% 3.23%
2017 0.28% 3.11%
2018 0.27% 2.97%
2019 0.25% 2.86%
2020 0.24% 2.75%
2021 0.23% 2.66%
2022 0.22% 2.59%
2023 0.21% 2.49%

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