Turkey is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 85.5M people. The capital is Ankara, while the largest city is Istanbul, with 15.7M residents. Turkey shares land borders with Syria, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Greece and Azerbaijan.
Turkey ranks 17/197 by GDP ($1.36T) and 66/197 by GDP per capita ($15,893). The top export category is transport & tourism services, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
86002379
|
18/197 |
| GDP |
$1.36T
2024 |
17/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$15,893
2024 |
66/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$45,639
2024 |
51/197 |
| Government debt |
$327B
2024 |
28/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
24%
2024 |
170/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$3,820
2024 |
92/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$10,928
2026 |
72/197 |
| Land area | 297,156 sq mi | 36/197 |
| Population density | 289.2 ppl/mi² | 82/197 |
| Fertility rate | 1.51 | 140/196 |
| Median age | 34 years | 83/196 |
| Life expectancy | 78.4 years | 57/197 |
Turkey trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $1,359,123,768,774 |
| 2023 | $1,141,242,864,657 |
| 2022 | $926,097,476,914 |
| 2021 | $839,938,668,172 |
| 2020 | $733,628,247,119 |
| 2019 | $775,853,144,223 |
| 2018 | $788,356,985,774 |
| 2017 | $863,874,522,365 |
| 2016 | $870,818,016,910 |
| 2015 | $865,460,050,684 |
| 2014 | $942,343,431,929 |
| 2013 | $962,167,643,589 |
| 2012 | $885,327,622,479 |
| 2011 | $844,192,507,381 |
| 2010 | $782,545,664,268 |
| 2009 | $653,894,449,921 |
| 2008 | $775,415,944,333 |
| 2007 | $685,228,481,017 |
| 2006 | $559,668,118,237 |
| 2005 | $508,314,210,213 |
| 2004 | $410,156,784,496 |
| 2003 | $315,392,899,922 |
| 2002 | $240,778,008,474 |
| 2001 | $202,195,080,239 |
| 2000 | $274,748,463,179 |
| 1999 | $256,673,939,248 |
| 1998 | $276,035,372,655 |
| 1997 | $263,817,553,748 |
| 1996 | $250,366,965,174 |
| 1995 | $234,699,627,004 |
| 1994 | $130,650,447,499 |
| 1993 | $180,415,757,852 |
| 1992 | $159,104,772,992 |
| 1991 | $151,034,731,544 |
| 1990 | $150,655,500,192 |
| 1989 | $107,127,191,329 |
| 1988 | $90,875,175,809 |
| 1987 | $87,190,081,680 |
| 1986 | $75,673,037,037 |
| 1985 | $67,232,758,621 |
| 1984 | $59,937,602,180 |
| 1983 | $61,803,555,556 |
| 1982 | $64,369,325,153 |
| 1981 | $71,180,180,180 |
| 1980 | $68,823,684,211 |
| 1979 | $89,616,129,032 |
| 1978 | $65,912,500,000 |
| 1977 | $58,683,333,333 |
| 1976 | $51,450,000,000 |
| 1975 | $46,042,857,143 |
| 1974 | $35,414,285,714 |
| 1973 | $26,000,000,000 |
| 1972 | $20,650,000,000 |
| 1971 | $16,166,666,667 |
| 1970 | $17,863,636,364 |
| 1969 | $19,466,666,667 |
| 1968 | $17,500,000,000 |
| 1967 | $15,644,444,444 |
| 1966 | $14,100,000,000 |
| 1965 | $11,966,666,667 |
| 1964 | $11,177,777,778 |
| 1963 | $10,355,555,556 |
| 1962 | $8,922,222,222 |
| 1961 | $7,988,888,889 |
| 1960 | $7,566,666,667 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkey | CC BY 
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $15,893 |
| 2023 | $13,375 |
| 2022 | $10,898 |
| 2021 | $9,982 |
| 2020 | $8,798 |
| 2019 | $9,395 |
| 2018 | $9,684 |
| 2017 | $10,756 |
| 2016 | $10,984 |
| 2015 | $11,065 |
| 2014 | $12,209 |
| 2013 | $12,636 |
| 2012 | $11,777 |
| 2011 | $11,374 |
| 2010 | $10,699 |
| 2009 | $9,077 |
| 2008 | $10,913 |
| 2007 | $9,767 |
| 2006 | $7,990 |
| 2005 | $7,332 |
| 2004 | $5,980 |
| 2003 | $4,650 |
| 2002 | $3,591 |
| 2001 | $3,052 |
| 2000 | $4,199 |
| 1999 | $3,974 |
| 1998 | $4,331 |
| 1997 | $4,197 |
| 1996 | $4,041 |
| 1995 | $3,846 |
| 1994 | $2,176 |
| 1993 | $3,058 |
| 1992 | $2,744 |
| 1991 | $2,649 |
| 1990 | $2,690 |
| 1989 | $1,949 |
| 1988 | $1,686 |
| 1987 | $1,650 |
| 1986 | $1,461 |
| 1985 | $1,326 |
| 1984 | $1,209 |
| 1983 | $1,276 |
| 1982 | $1,360 |
| 1981 | $1,537 |
| 1980 | $1,516 |
| 1979 | $2,013 |
| 1978 | $1,510 |
| 1977 | $1,372 |
| 1976 | $1,228 |
| 1975 | $1,122 |
| 1974 | $881 |
| 1973 | $661 |
| 1972 | $537 |
| 1971 | $431 |
| 1970 | $488 |
| 1969 | $544 |
| 1968 | $501 |
| 1967 | $459 |
| 1966 | $425 |
| 1965 | $370 |
| 1964 | $354 |
| 1963 | $337 |
| 1962 | $298.2 |
| 1961 | $274.4 |
| 1960 | $267.1 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkey | CC BY
Turkey's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 78.4 |
| 2025 | 77.8 |
| 2024 | 77.4 |
| 2023 | 77.2 |
| 2022 | 77.6 |
| 2021 | 75.7 |
| 2020 | 76.5 |
| 2019 | 77.7 |
| 2018 | 77.5 |
| 2017 | 77 |
| 2016 | 76.6 |
| 2015 | 76.5 |
| 2014 | 76.5 |
| 2013 | 76.2 |
| 2012 | 75.6 |
| 2011 | 74.8 |
| 2010 | 75 |
| 2009 | 74.7 |
| 2008 | 74.4 |
| 2007 | 74.1 |
| 2006 | 73.8 |
| 2005 | 73.5 |
| 2004 | 73.2 |
| 2003 | 72.9 |
| 2002 | 72.6 |
| 2001 | 72.3 |
| 2000 | 71.9 |
| 1999 | 70.8 |
| 1998 | 71.1 |
| 1997 | 70.7 |
| 1996 | 70.2 |
| 1995 | 69.7 |
| 1994 | 69.4 |
| 1993 | 69 |
| 1992 | 68.6 |
| 1991 | 68.3 |
| 1990 | 67.8 |
| 1989 | 67.4 |
| 1988 | 66.9 |
| 1987 | 66.4 |
| 1986 | 65.9 |
| 1985 | 65.3 |
| 1984 | 64.8 |
| 1983 | 64.3 |
| 1982 | 63.7 |
| 1981 | 63.2 |
| 1980 | 62.7 |
| 1979 | 62.2 |
| 1978 | 61.6 |
| 1977 | 60.8 |
| 1976 | 60 |
| 1975 | 59.5 |
| 1974 | 59 |
| 1973 | 58.5 |
| 1972 | 58 |
| 1971 | 57.2 |
| 1970 | 56.7 |
| 1969 | 56.2 |
| 1968 | 55.6 |
| 1967 | 55.2 |
| 1966 | 54.6 |
| 1965 | 54.1 |
| 1964 | 53.6 |
| 1963 | 53.1 |
| 1962 | 52.3 |
| 1961 | 51.6 |
| 1960 | 50.8 |
| 1959 | 50.1 |
| 1958 | 49.2 |
| 1957 | 49.2 |
| 1956 | 49.5 |
| 1955 | 49.1 |
| 1954 | 48.8 |
| 1953 | 48.2 |
| 1952 | 48.1 |
| 1951 | 47.6 |
| 1950 | 47.3 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkey | CC BY
Turkey's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 85,518,661 |
| 2023 | 85,325,965 |
| 2022 | 84,979,913 |
| 2021 | 84,147,318 |
| 2020 | 83,384,680 |
| 2019 | 82,579,440 |
| 2018 | 81,407,204 |
| 2017 | 80,312,698 |
| 2016 | 79,277,962 |
| 2015 | 78,218,479 |
| 2014 | 77,181,884 |
| 2013 | 76,147,624 |
| 2012 | 75,175,827 |
| 2011 | 74,223,629 |
| 2010 | 73,142,150 |
| 2009 | 72,039,206 |
| 2008 | 71,051,678 |
| 2007 | 70,158,112 |
| 2006 | 70,045,349 |
| 2005 | 69,329,557 |
| 2004 | 68,592,617 |
| 2003 | 67,831,730 |
| 2002 | 67,048,795 |
| 2001 | 66,245,128 |
| 2000 | 65,425,961 |
| 1999 | 64,591,923 |
| 1998 | 63,734,383 |
| 1997 | 62,852,966 |
| 1996 | 61,951,134 |
| 1995 | 61,024,503 |
| 1994 | 60,033,836 |
| 1993 | 58,999,167 |
| 1992 | 57,990,118 |
| 1991 | 57,009,887 |
| 1990 | 56,015,628 |
| 1989 | 54,976,723 |
| 1988 | 53,909,626 |
| 1987 | 52,843,670 |
| 1986 | 51,777,772 |
| 1985 | 50,687,115 |
| 1984 | 49,574,069 |
| 1983 | 48,447,410 |
| 1982 | 47,322,096 |
| 1981 | 46,321,190 |
| 1980 | 45,408,815 |
| 1979 | 44,510,429 |
| 1978 | 43,645,306 |
| 1977 | 42,773,298 |
| 1976 | 41,899,984 |
| 1975 | 41,053,126 |
| 1974 | 40,210,234 |
| 1973 | 39,329,533 |
| 1972 | 38,430,221 |
| 1971 | 37,518,611 |
| 1970 | 36,638,465 |
| 1969 | 35,787,774 |
| 1968 | 34,921,684 |
| 1967 | 34,050,421 |
| 1966 | 33,177,672 |
| 1965 | 32,345,220 |
| 1964 | 31,543,072 |
| 1963 | 30,726,841 |
| 1962 | 29,916,147 |
| 1961 | 29,119,238 |
| 1960 | 28,329,898 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkey | CC BY
Turkey's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 1.51 |
| 2022 | 1.63 |
| 2021 | 1.71 |
| 2020 | 1.77 |
| 2019 | 1.89 |
| 2018 | 2 |
| 2017 | 2.08 |
| 2016 | 2.11 |
| 2015 | 2.16 |
| 2014 | 2.19 |
| 2013 | 2.11 |
| 2012 | 2.11 |
| 2011 | 2.05 |
| 2010 | 2.08 |
| 2009 | 2.1 |
| 2008 | 2.15 |
| 2007 | 2.16 |
| 2006 | 2.19 |
| 2005 | 2.2 |
| 2004 | 2.2 |
| 2003 | 2.2 |
| 2002 | 2.27 |
| 2001 | 2.39 |
| 2000 | 2.49 |
| 1999 | 2.63 |
| 1998 | 2.71 |
| 1997 | 2.74 |
| 1996 | 2.78 |
| 1995 | 2.84 |
| 1994 | 2.87 |
| 1993 | 2.92 |
| 1992 | 2.94 |
| 1991 | 3 |
| 1990 | 3.11 |
| 1989 | 3.34 |
| 1988 | 3.45 |
| 1987 | 3.54 |
| 1986 | 3.66 |
| 1985 | 3.78 |
| 1984 | 3.91 |
| 1983 | 4.06 |
| 1982 | 4.21 |
| 1981 | 4.35 |
| 1980 | 4.45 |
| 1979 | 4.58 |
| 1978 | 4.69 |
| 1977 | 4.78 |
| 1976 | 4.93 |
| 1975 | 5.09 |
| 1974 | 5.24 |
| 1973 | 5.41 |
| 1972 | 5.55 |
| 1971 | 5.67 |
| 1970 | 5.78 |
| 1969 | 5.87 |
| 1968 | 5.96 |
| 1967 | 6.06 |
| 1966 | 6.15 |
| 1965 | 6.22 |
| 1964 | 6.29 |
| 1963 | 6.34 |
| 1962 | 6.38 |
| 1961 | 6.42 |
| 1960 | 6.38 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkey | CC BY
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 34 |
| 2023 | 33.5 |
| 2022 | 33.1 |
| 2021 | 32.7 |
| 2020 | 32.3 |
| 2019 | 31.8 |
| 2018 | 31.5 |
| 2017 | 31.2 |
| 2016 | 30.9 |
| 2015 | 30.6 |
| 2014 | 30.4 |
| 2013 | 30.1 |
| 2012 | 29.8 |
| 2011 | 29.5 |
| 2010 | 29.1 |
| 2009 | 28.6 |
| 2008 | 28.3 |
| 2007 | 27.9 |
| 2006 | 27.5 |
| 2005 | 27 |
| 2004 | 26.6 |
| 2003 | 26.2 |
| 2002 | 25.8 |
| 2001 | 25.4 |
| 2000 | 25 |
| 1999 | 24.7 |
| 1998 | 24.3 |
| 1997 | 24 |
| 1996 | 23.6 |
| 1995 | 23.3 |
| 1994 | 23 |
| 1993 | 22.7 |
| 1992 | 22.4 |
| 1991 | 22.1 |
| 1990 | 21.8 |
| 1989 | 21.6 |
| 1988 | 21.3 |
| 1987 | 21.1 |
| 1986 | 20.9 |
| 1985 | 20.6 |
| 1984 | 20.4 |
| 1983 | 20.2 |
| 1982 | 20 |
| 1981 | 19.9 |
| 1980 | 19.8 |
| 1979 | 19.7 |
| 1978 | 19.5 |
| 1977 | 19.4 |
| 1976 | 19.3 |
| 1975 | 19.1 |
| 1974 | 19 |
| 1973 | 18.9 |
| 1972 | 18.8 |
| 1971 | 18.7 |
| 1970 | 18.6 |
| 1969 | 18.6 |
| 1968 | 18.6 |
| 1967 | 18.7 |
| 1966 | 18.8 |
| 1965 | 18.9 |
| 1964 | 18.9 |
| 1963 | 19 |
| 1962 | 19.1 |
| 1961 | 19.3 |
| 1960 | 19.4 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkey | CC BY
Turkey vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Turkey with other countries.
Turkey: National Statistics
Finance
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$1.15T
2024 |
18/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
32.6%
2024 |
84/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.1%
2022 |
139/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
1.92%
2024 |
71/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
512,000
2020 |
13/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-4.57%
2024 |
136/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
8.71%
2024 |
45/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
57.5%
2024 |
91/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
25.5%
2024 |
80/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
55
2026 |
129/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
35.2%
2022 |
15/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.1%
2022 |
136/169 |
| Number of millionaires |
60,787
2025 |
32/35 |
| Percentage of millionaires |
0.1%
2025 |
33/35 |
| Number of billionaires |
32
2025 |
20/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.00005%
2025 |
43/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
551
2024 |
15/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$379B
2024 |
25/100 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$155B
2024 |
21/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$982M
2024 |
93/191 |
| International tourist arrivals |
15,971,000
2020 |
15/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
6.63%
2020 |
84/184 |
| Banked people share |
81.6%
2024 |
58/158 |
Energy
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,850 kg
2023 |
65/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$23.1
2023 |
29/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
460 megatons
2024 |
14/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
5.38 tons
2024 |
46/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
81.4%
2023 |
54/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
12%
2021 |
135/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
15.3%
2023 |
36/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
72%
2023 |
25/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
3,581 kWh
2023 |
60/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
35.4%
2021 |
82/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
19.3%
2023 |
84/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
181/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100/195 |
Society
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
1.05%
2024 |
18/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-258,205
2025 |
188/196 |
| Urban population |
89.3%
2024 |
21/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
49.9:50.1
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.79 ft
2025 |
49/190 |
| Average female height |
5.31 ft
2025 |
73/190 |
| Quality of life index |
58
2026 |
74/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
31
2025 |
142/197 |
| Higher education index |
75
2026 |
47/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
3.23
2023 |
96/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
6.7
2019 |
154/197 |
| Visa free countries |
121
2025 |
90/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
97.3%
2021 |
87/196 |
| English speaking |
15%
2023 |
122/197 |
| People using the Internet |
87.3%
2024 |
69/195 |
Health
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$548
2023 |
84/192 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$104.3
2023 |
104/192 |
| Life expectancy |
78.4 years
2026 |
57/197 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
2.24
2022 |
83/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
27.1 years
2023 |
47/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
15
2023 |
135/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
12.8
2023 |
110/192 |
| Obesity rate |
34.4%
2022 |
31/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
16.5%
2024 |
25/195 |
| Air quality index |
48
2026 |
105/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
30.5%
2022 |
27/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
1.69 liters
2020 |
141/186 |
Territory
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.52%
2026 |
36/197 |
| Land area per capita |
3,475 sq mi
2024 |
114/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
148,989 sq mi
2026 |
33/194 |
| Forest area |
87,600 sq mi
2026 |
25/196 |
| Roads length |
272,554 mi
2024 |
20/176 |
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- Wikidata (2023, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
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