Turkey is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 85.5M people. The capital is Ankara, while the largest city is Istanbul, with 15.7M residents. Turkey shares land borders with Syria, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Greece and Azerbaijan.
Turkey ranks 17/197 by GDP ($1.32T) and 68/197 by GDP per capita ($15,473). The top export category is transport & tourism services, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
85914550
|
18/197 |
| GDP |
$1.32T
2024 |
17/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$15,473
2024 |
68/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$43,932
2024 |
52/197 |
| Government debt |
$344B
2024 |
29/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
26.7%
2025 |
165/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$4,019
2024 |
91/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$9,587
2025 |
77/197 |
| Land area | 297,156 sq mi | 36/197 |
| Population density | 287.8 ppl/mi² | 84/197 |
| Fertility rate | 1.51 | 140/196 |
| Median age | 34 years | 83/196 |
| Life expectancy | 77.8 years | 64/197 |
Turkey trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1960 | $7,566,666,667 |
| 1961 | $7,988,888,889 |
| 1962 | $8,922,222,222 |
| 1963 | $10,355,555,556 |
| 1964 | $11,177,777,778 |
| 1965 | $11,966,666,667 |
| 1966 | $14,100,000,000 |
| 1967 | $15,644,444,444 |
| 1968 | $17,500,000,000 |
| 1969 | $19,466,666,667 |
| 1970 | $17,863,636,364 |
| 1971 | $16,166,666,667 |
| 1972 | $20,650,000,000 |
| 1973 | $26,000,000,000 |
| 1974 | $35,414,285,714 |
| 1975 | $46,042,857,143 |
| 1976 | $51,450,000,000 |
| 1977 | $58,683,333,333 |
| 1978 | $65,912,500,000 |
| 1979 | $89,616,129,032 |
| 1980 | $68,823,684,211 |
| 1981 | $71,180,180,180 |
| 1982 | $64,369,325,153 |
| 1983 | $61,803,555,556 |
| 1984 | $59,937,602,180 |
| 1985 | $67,232,758,621 |
| 1986 | $75,673,037,037 |
| 1987 | $87,190,081,680 |
| 1988 | $90,875,175,809 |
| 1989 | $107,127,191,329 |
| 1990 | $150,655,500,192 |
| 1991 | $151,034,731,544 |
| 1992 | $159,104,772,992 |
| 1993 | $180,415,757,852 |
| 1994 | $130,650,447,499 |
| 1995 | $169,319,579,016 |
| 1996 | $181,464,408,820 |
| 1997 | $189,878,399,895 |
| 1998 | $275,941,990,764 |
| 1999 | $256,395,932,738 |
| 2000 | $274,294,623,164 |
| 2001 | $201,753,123,807 |
| 2002 | $240,249,071,871 |
| 2003 | $314,595,572,146 |
| 2004 | $408,865,430,220 |
| 2005 | $506,314,717,662 |
| 2006 | $557,076,157,773 |
| 2007 | $681,321,124,296 |
| 2008 | $770,449,132,861 |
| 2009 | $649,289,324,628 |
| 2010 | $776,967,266,306 |
| 2011 | $838,785,289,694 |
| 2012 | $880,555,885,492 |
| 2013 | $957,799,120,008 |
| 2014 | $938,934,609,297 |
| 2015 | $864,313,810,469 |
| 2016 | $869,682,881,593 |
| 2017 | $858,988,492,854 |
| 2018 | $778,972,108,041 |
| 2019 | $761,005,915,751 |
| 2020 | $720,338,490,327 |
| 2021 | $819,865,223,976 |
| 2022 | $907,118,434,654 |
| 2023 | $1,118,252,958,514 |
| 2024 | $1,323,254,808,059 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1960 | $267.1 |
| 1961 | $274.4 |
| 1962 | $298.2 |
| 1963 | $337 |
| 1964 | $354 |
| 1965 | $370 |
| 1966 | $425 |
| 1967 | $459 |
| 1968 | $501 |
| 1969 | $544 |
| 1970 | $488 |
| 1971 | $431 |
| 1972 | $537 |
| 1973 | $661 |
| 1974 | $881 |
| 1975 | $1,122 |
| 1976 | $1,228 |
| 1977 | $1,372 |
| 1978 | $1,510 |
| 1979 | $2,013 |
| 1980 | $1,516 |
| 1981 | $1,537 |
| 1982 | $1,360 |
| 1983 | $1,276 |
| 1984 | $1,209 |
| 1985 | $1,326 |
| 1986 | $1,461 |
| 1987 | $1,650 |
| 1988 | $1,686 |
| 1989 | $1,949 |
| 1990 | $2,690 |
| 1991 | $2,649 |
| 1992 | $2,744 |
| 1993 | $3,058 |
| 1994 | $2,176 |
| 1995 | $2,775 |
| 1996 | $2,929 |
| 1997 | $3,021 |
| 1998 | $4,330 |
| 1999 | $3,969 |
| 2000 | $4,192 |
| 2001 | $3,046 |
| 2002 | $3,583 |
| 2003 | $4,638 |
| 2004 | $5,961 |
| 2005 | $7,303 |
| 2006 | $7,953 |
| 2007 | $9,711 |
| 2008 | $10,844 |
| 2009 | $9,013 |
| 2010 | $10,623 |
| 2011 | $11,301 |
| 2012 | $11,713 |
| 2013 | $12,578 |
| 2014 | $12,165 |
| 2015 | $11,050 |
| 2016 | $10,970 |
| 2017 | $10,696 |
| 2018 | $9,569 |
| 2019 | $9,215 |
| 2020 | $8,639 |
| 2021 | $9,743 |
| 2022 | $10,675 |
| 2023 | $13,106 |
| 2024 | $15,473 |
Turkey's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 47.3 |
| 1951 | 47.6 |
| 1952 | 48.1 |
| 1953 | 48.2 |
| 1954 | 48.8 |
| 1955 | 49.1 |
| 1956 | 49.5 |
| 1957 | 49.2 |
| 1958 | 49.2 |
| 1959 | 50.1 |
| 1960 | 50.8 |
| 1961 | 51.6 |
| 1962 | 52.3 |
| 1963 | 53.1 |
| 1964 | 53.6 |
| 1965 | 54.1 |
| 1966 | 54.6 |
| 1967 | 55.2 |
| 1968 | 55.6 |
| 1969 | 56.2 |
| 1970 | 56.7 |
| 1971 | 57.2 |
| 1972 | 58 |
| 1973 | 58.5 |
| 1974 | 59 |
| 1975 | 59.5 |
| 1976 | 60 |
| 1977 | 60.8 |
| 1978 | 61.6 |
| 1979 | 62.2 |
| 1980 | 62.7 |
| 1981 | 63.2 |
| 1982 | 63.7 |
| 1983 | 64.3 |
| 1984 | 64.8 |
| 1985 | 65.3 |
| 1986 | 65.9 |
| 1987 | 66.4 |
| 1988 | 66.9 |
| 1989 | 67.4 |
| 1990 | 67.8 |
| 1991 | 68.3 |
| 1992 | 68.6 |
| 1993 | 69 |
| 1994 | 69.4 |
| 1995 | 69.7 |
| 1996 | 70.2 |
| 1997 | 70.7 |
| 1998 | 71.1 |
| 1999 | 70.8 |
| 2000 | 71.9 |
| 2001 | 72.3 |
| 2002 | 72.6 |
| 2003 | 72.9 |
| 2004 | 73.2 |
| 2005 | 73.5 |
| 2006 | 73.8 |
| 2007 | 74.1 |
| 2008 | 74.4 |
| 2009 | 74.7 |
| 2010 | 75 |
| 2011 | 74.8 |
| 2012 | 75.6 |
| 2013 | 76.2 |
| 2014 | 76.5 |
| 2015 | 76.5 |
| 2016 | 76.6 |
| 2017 | 77 |
| 2018 | 77.5 |
| 2019 | 77.7 |
| 2020 | 76.5 |
| 2021 | 75.7 |
| 2022 | 77.6 |
| 2023 | 77.2 |
| 2024 | 77.4 |
| 2025 | 77.8 |
Turkey's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 28,329,898 |
| 1961 | 29,119,238 |
| 1962 | 29,916,147 |
| 1963 | 30,726,841 |
| 1964 | 31,543,072 |
| 1965 | 32,345,220 |
| 1966 | 33,177,672 |
| 1967 | 34,050,421 |
| 1968 | 34,921,684 |
| 1969 | 35,787,774 |
| 1970 | 36,638,465 |
| 1971 | 37,518,611 |
| 1972 | 38,430,221 |
| 1973 | 39,329,533 |
| 1974 | 40,210,234 |
| 1975 | 41,053,126 |
| 1976 | 41,899,984 |
| 1977 | 42,773,298 |
| 1978 | 43,645,306 |
| 1979 | 44,510,429 |
| 1980 | 45,408,815 |
| 1981 | 46,321,190 |
| 1982 | 47,322,096 |
| 1983 | 48,447,410 |
| 1984 | 49,574,069 |
| 1985 | 50,687,115 |
| 1986 | 51,777,772 |
| 1987 | 52,843,670 |
| 1988 | 53,909,626 |
| 1989 | 54,976,723 |
| 1990 | 56,015,628 |
| 1991 | 57,009,887 |
| 1992 | 57,990,118 |
| 1993 | 58,999,167 |
| 1994 | 60,033,836 |
| 1995 | 61,024,503 |
| 1996 | 61,951,134 |
| 1997 | 62,852,966 |
| 1998 | 63,734,383 |
| 1999 | 64,591,923 |
| 2000 | 65,425,961 |
| 2001 | 66,245,128 |
| 2002 | 67,048,795 |
| 2003 | 67,831,730 |
| 2004 | 68,592,617 |
| 2005 | 69,329,557 |
| 2006 | 70,045,349 |
| 2007 | 70,158,112 |
| 2008 | 71,051,678 |
| 2009 | 72,039,206 |
| 2010 | 73,142,150 |
| 2011 | 74,223,629 |
| 2012 | 75,175,827 |
| 2013 | 76,147,624 |
| 2014 | 77,181,884 |
| 2015 | 78,218,479 |
| 2016 | 79,277,962 |
| 2017 | 80,312,698 |
| 2018 | 81,407,204 |
| 2019 | 82,579,440 |
| 2020 | 83,384,680 |
| 2021 | 84,147,318 |
| 2022 | 84,979,913 |
| 2023 | 85,325,965 |
| 2024 | 85,518,661 |
Turkey's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 6.38 |
| 1961 | 6.42 |
| 1962 | 6.38 |
| 1963 | 6.34 |
| 1964 | 6.29 |
| 1965 | 6.22 |
| 1966 | 6.15 |
| 1967 | 6.06 |
| 1968 | 5.96 |
| 1969 | 5.87 |
| 1970 | 5.78 |
| 1971 | 5.67 |
| 1972 | 5.55 |
| 1973 | 5.41 |
| 1974 | 5.24 |
| 1975 | 5.09 |
| 1976 | 4.93 |
| 1977 | 4.78 |
| 1978 | 4.69 |
| 1979 | 4.58 |
| 1980 | 4.45 |
| 1981 | 4.35 |
| 1982 | 4.21 |
| 1983 | 4.06 |
| 1984 | 3.91 |
| 1985 | 3.78 |
| 1986 | 3.66 |
| 1987 | 3.54 |
| 1988 | 3.45 |
| 1989 | 3.34 |
| 1990 | 3.11 |
| 1991 | 3 |
| 1992 | 2.94 |
| 1993 | 2.92 |
| 1994 | 2.87 |
| 1995 | 2.84 |
| 1996 | 2.78 |
| 1997 | 2.74 |
| 1998 | 2.71 |
| 1999 | 2.63 |
| 2000 | 2.49 |
| 2001 | 2.39 |
| 2002 | 2.27 |
| 2003 | 2.2 |
| 2004 | 2.2 |
| 2005 | 2.2 |
| 2006 | 2.19 |
| 2007 | 2.16 |
| 2008 | 2.15 |
| 2009 | 2.1 |
| 2010 | 2.08 |
| 2011 | 2.05 |
| 2012 | 2.11 |
| 2013 | 2.11 |
| 2014 | 2.19 |
| 2015 | 2.16 |
| 2016 | 2.11 |
| 2017 | 2.08 |
| 2018 | 2 |
| 2019 | 1.89 |
| 2020 | 1.77 |
| 2021 | 1.71 |
| 2022 | 1.63 |
| 2023 | 1.51 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 19.4 |
| 1961 | 19.3 |
| 1962 | 19.1 |
| 1963 | 19 |
| 1964 | 18.9 |
| 1965 | 18.9 |
| 1966 | 18.8 |
| 1967 | 18.7 |
| 1968 | 18.6 |
| 1969 | 18.6 |
| 1970 | 18.6 |
| 1971 | 18.7 |
| 1972 | 18.8 |
| 1973 | 18.9 |
| 1974 | 19 |
| 1975 | 19.1 |
| 1976 | 19.3 |
| 1977 | 19.4 |
| 1978 | 19.5 |
| 1979 | 19.7 |
| 1980 | 19.8 |
| 1981 | 19.9 |
| 1982 | 20 |
| 1983 | 20.2 |
| 1984 | 20.4 |
| 1985 | 20.6 |
| 1986 | 20.9 |
| 1987 | 21.1 |
| 1988 | 21.3 |
| 1989 | 21.6 |
| 1990 | 21.8 |
| 1991 | 22.1 |
| 1992 | 22.4 |
| 1993 | 22.7 |
| 1994 | 23 |
| 1995 | 23.3 |
| 1996 | 23.6 |
| 1997 | 24 |
| 1998 | 24.3 |
| 1999 | 24.7 |
| 2000 | 25 |
| 2001 | 25.4 |
| 2002 | 25.8 |
| 2003 | 26.2 |
| 2004 | 26.6 |
| 2005 | 27 |
| 2006 | 27.5 |
| 2007 | 27.9 |
| 2008 | 28.3 |
| 2009 | 28.6 |
| 2010 | 29.1 |
| 2011 | 29.5 |
| 2012 | 29.8 |
| 2013 | 30.1 |
| 2014 | 30.4 |
| 2015 | 30.6 |
| 2016 | 30.9 |
| 2017 | 31.2 |
| 2018 | 31.5 |
| 2019 | 31.8 |
| 2020 | 32.3 |
| 2021 | 32.7 |
| 2022 | 33.1 |
| 2023 | 33.5 |
| 2024 | 34 |
Turkey vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Turkey with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Turkey: National Statistics
Finance
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$1.12T
2024 |
19/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
32.9%
2025 |
78/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.1%
2022 |
139/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
1.5%
2023 |
95/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
512,000
2020 |
13/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-4.33%
2025 |
132/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
8.71%
2024 |
46/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
56.8%
2024 |
97/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
25.9%
2024 |
79/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
56.1
2025 |
122/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
35.2%
2022 |
15/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.1%
2022 |
136/169 |
| Number of millionaires |
60,787
2024 |
31/34 |
| Percentage of millionaires |
0.1%
2024 |
32/34 |
| Number of billionaires |
32
2025 |
20/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.00005%
2025 |
42/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
551
2024 |
15/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$379B
2024 |
25/100 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$155B
2024 |
21/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$982M
2024 |
86/190 |
| International tourist arrivals |
15,971,000
2020 |
15/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
6.63%
2020 |
84/184 |
| Banked people share |
81.6%
2024 |
58/158 |
Energy
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,850 kg
2023 |
64/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$22.9
2023 |
28/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
438 megatons
2023 |
14/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
5.14 tons
2023 |
49/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
81.4%
2023 |
54/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
12%
2021 |
135/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
15.3%
2023 |
36/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
72%
2023 |
25/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
3,581 kWh
2023 |
60/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
35.4%
2021 |
82/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
19.3%
2023 |
84/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
181/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100/195 |
Society
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
1.05%
2024 |
18/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-275,952
2024 |
190/196 |
| Urban population |
77.9%
2024 |
56/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.79 ft
2025 |
49/190 |
| Average female height |
5.31 ft
2025 |
73/190 |
| Quality of life index |
56.7
2025 |
76/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
34
2024 |
129/197 |
| Higher education index |
75
2025 |
47/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
3.23
2023 |
95/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
6.7
2019 |
154/197 |
| Visa free countries |
125
2025 |
86/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
97.3%
2021 |
87/196 |
| English speaking |
15%
2023 |
122/197 |
| People using the Internet |
87.3%
2024 |
69/195 |
Health
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$386
2022 |
102/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$75.2
2022 |
110/191 |
| Life expectancy |
77.8 years
2025 |
64/197 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
2.17
2021 |
82/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
27.1 years
2023 |
47/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
15
2023 |
135/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
12.8
2023 |
110/192 |
| Obesity rate |
34.4%
2022 |
31/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
16.5%
2024 |
25/195 |
| Air quality index |
48
2025 |
105/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
30.5%
2022 |
27/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
1.69 liters
2020 |
141/186 |
Territory
|
Turkey
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.52%
2025 |
36/197 |
| Land area per capita |
3,475 sq mi
2024 |
114/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
148,989 sq mi
2025 |
33/194 |
| Forest area |
87,600 sq mi
2025 |
25/196 |
| Roads length |
272,554 mi
2024 |
20/175 |
Compare Turkey with other countries
Relevant pages:
Turkey topic pages:
Facts comparisons
