Turkmenistan is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 7.62M people. The capital and largest city is Ashgabat, with 1.03M residents. Turkmenistan shares land borders with Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Kazakhstan.
Turkmenistan ranks 96/197 by GDP ($49.8B) and 111/197 by GDP per capita ($6,540). The top export category is raw materials & minerals, while the top import is transport & tourism services.
Main facts and rankings
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
7800189
|
104/197 |
| GDP |
$49.8B
2025 |
96/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$6,540
2025 |
111/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$21,213
2024 |
94/197 |
| Government debt |
$1.87B
2025 |
162/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
3.76%
2025 |
183/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$246
2025 |
180/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$2,520
2026 |
144/197 |
| Land area | 181,441 sq mi | 53/197 |
| Population density | 42.7 ppl/mi² | 181/197 |
| Fertility rate | 2.66 | 66/196 |
| Median age | 27.8 years | 120/196 |
| Life expectancy | 70.5 years | 135/197 |
Turkmenistan trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 2025 | $49,828,621,356 |
| 2024 | $44,249,447,717 |
| 2023 | $39,020,211,240 |
| 2022 | $37,583,913,148 |
| 2021 | $26,334,182,094 |
| 2020 | $27,350,527,268 |
| 2019 | $29,700,000,000 |
| 2018 | $26,036,313,869 |
| 2017 | $33,352,261,307 |
| 2016 | $33,313,947,368 |
| 2015 | $35,799,714,286 |
| 2014 | $43,524,210,526 |
| 2013 | $39,197,543,860 |
| 2012 | $35,164,210,526 |
| 2011 | $29,233,333,333 |
| 2010 | $22,583,157,895 |
| 2009 | $20,214,385,965 |
| 2008 | $19,271,523,179 |
| 2007 | $12,664,165,103 |
| 2006 | $10,276,674,365 |
| 2005 | $8,103,901,996 |
| 2004 | $6,838,351,088 |
| 2003 | $5,977,440,583 |
| 2002 | $4,462,029,109 |
| 2001 | $3,534,772,732 |
| 2000 | $2,904,663,311 |
| 1999 | $2,450,564,100 |
| 1998 | $2,605,689,134 |
| 1997 | $2,450,350,625 |
| 1996 | $2,378,759,975 |
| 1995 | $2,482,228,440 |
| 1994 | $2,561,118,608 |
| 1993 | $3,179,225,949 |
| 1992 | $3,200,539,816 |
| 1991 | $3,208,098,919 |
| 1990 | $3,189,539,641 |
| 1989 | $3,006,988,217 |
| 1988 | $3,010,982,414 |
| 1987 | $2,331,358,820 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1987–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkmenistan | CC BY 
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 2025 | $6,540 |
| 2024 | $5,904 |
| 2023 | $5,298 |
| 2022 | $5,198 |
| 2021 | $3,713 |
| 2020 | $3,935 |
| 2019 | $4,365 |
| 2018 | $3,912 |
| 2017 | $5,126 |
| 2016 | $5,238 |
| 2015 | $5,759 |
| 2014 | $7,164 |
| 2013 | $6,600 |
| 2012 | $6,054 |
| 2011 | $5,144 |
| 2010 | $4,059 |
| 2009 | $3,708 |
| 2008 | $3,606 |
| 2007 | $2,415 |
| 2006 | $1,997 |
| 2005 | $1,604 |
| 2004 | $1,379 |
| 2003 | $1,229 |
| 2002 | $936 |
| 2001 | $756 |
| 2000 | $634 |
| 1999 | $546 |
| 1998 | $591 |
| 1997 | $565 |
| 1996 | $558 |
| 1995 | $592 |
| 1994 | $622 |
| 1993 | $788 |
| 1992 | $811 |
| 1991 | $832 |
| 1990 | $848 |
| 1989 | $821 |
| 1988 | $846 |
| 1987 | $675 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1987–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkmenistan | CC BY
Turkmenistan's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 70.5 |
| 2025 | 70.3 |
| 2024 | 70.2 |
| 2023 | 70.1 |
| 2022 | 69.9 |
| 2021 | 69.4 |
| 2020 | 68.8 |
| 2019 | 69.4 |
| 2018 | 69.3 |
| 2017 | 69.2 |
| 2016 | 69.1 |
| 2015 | 69.1 |
| 2014 | 69 |
| 2013 | 69 |
| 2012 | 69 |
| 2011 | 68.9 |
| 2010 | 68.6 |
| 2009 | 68.2 |
| 2008 | 67.6 |
| 2007 | 67 |
| 2006 | 66.6 |
| 2005 | 66.3 |
| 2004 | 66.1 |
| 2003 | 65.9 |
| 2002 | 65.6 |
| 2001 | 65.3 |
| 2000 | 64.9 |
| 1999 | 64.5 |
| 1998 | 64 |
| 1997 | 63.7 |
| 1996 | 63.5 |
| 1995 | 63.5 |
| 1994 | 63.5 |
| 1993 | 63.6 |
| 1992 | 63.8 |
| 1991 | 63.8 |
| 1990 | 63.9 |
| 1989 | 63.8 |
| 1988 | 63.7 |
| 1987 | 63.5 |
| 1986 | 63.2 |
| 1985 | 62.8 |
| 1984 | 62.4 |
| 1983 | 62 |
| 1982 | 61.6 |
| 1981 | 61 |
| 1980 | 60.2 |
| 1979 | 59.1 |
| 1978 | 58.3 |
| 1977 | 57.7 |
| 1976 | 57.4 |
| 1975 | 57.2 |
| 1974 | 57 |
| 1973 | 56.8 |
| 1972 | 56.6 |
| 1971 | 56.3 |
| 1970 | 56 |
| 1969 | 55.7 |
| 1968 | 55.3 |
| 1967 | 54.8 |
| 1966 | 54.4 |
| 1965 | 54 |
| 1964 | 53.6 |
| 1963 | 53.2 |
| 1962 | 52.9 |
| 1961 | 52.5 |
| 1960 | 52.1 |
| 1959 | 51.8 |
| 1958 | 51.4 |
| 1957 | 51 |
| 1956 | 50.6 |
| 1955 | 50.2 |
| 1954 | 49.8 |
| 1953 | 49.4 |
| 1952 | 49 |
| 1951 | 48.6 |
| 1950 | 48.1 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkmenistan | CC BY
Turkmenistan's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 7,618,847 |
| 2024 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkmenistan | CC BY
Turkmenistan's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 2.66 |
| 2023 | 2.69 |
| 2022 | 2.73 |
| 2021 | 2.75 |
| 2020 | 2.79 |
| 2019 | 2.83 |
| 2018 | 2.88 |
| 2017 | 2.93 |
| 2016 | 2.99 |
| 2015 | 3.03 |
| 2014 | 3.02 |
| 2013 | 3.01 |
| 2012 | 2.96 |
| 2011 | 2.9 |
| 2010 | 2.85 |
| 2009 | 2.79 |
| 2008 | 2.75 |
| 2007 | 2.73 |
| 2006 | 2.72 |
| 2005 | 2.71 |
| 2004 | 2.67 |
| 2003 | 2.67 |
| 2002 | 2.71 |
| 2001 | 2.81 |
| 2000 | 2.9 |
| 1999 | 2.98 |
| 1998 | 3.08 |
| 1997 | 3.18 |
| 1996 | 3.29 |
| 1995 | 3.49 |
| 1994 | 3.62 |
| 1993 | 3.78 |
| 1992 | 3.96 |
| 1991 | 4.14 |
| 1990 | 4.29 |
| 1989 | 4.46 |
| 1988 | 4.68 |
| 1987 | 4.84 |
| 1986 | 4.94 |
| 1985 | 4.97 |
| 1984 | 4.96 |
| 1983 | 4.97 |
| 1982 | 5.04 |
| 1981 | 5.16 |
| 1980 | 5.3 |
| 1979 | 5.46 |
| 1978 | 5.61 |
| 1977 | 5.77 |
| 1976 | 5.9 |
| 1975 | 6 |
| 1974 | 6.09 |
| 1973 | 6.15 |
| 1972 | 6.2 |
| 1971 | 6.32 |
| 1970 | 6.4 |
| 1969 | 6.48 |
| 1968 | 6.56 |
| 1967 | 6.64 |
| 1966 | 6.7 |
| 1965 | 6.76 |
| 1964 | 6.79 |
| 1963 | 6.79 |
| 1962 | 6.76 |
| 1961 | 6.69 |
| 1960 | 6.59 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkmenistan | CC BY
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 27.8 |
| 2024 | 27.5 |
| 2023 | 27.2 |
| 2022 | 26.9 |
| 2021 | 26.7 |
| 2020 | 26.4 |
| 2019 | 26.2 |
| 2018 | 25.9 |
| 2017 | 25.7 |
| 2016 | 25.5 |
| 2015 | 25.3 |
| 2014 | 25 |
| 2013 | 24.8 |
| 2012 | 24.5 |
| 2011 | 24.3 |
| 2010 | 24 |
| 2009 | 23.7 |
| 2008 | 23.4 |
| 2007 | 23.1 |
| 2006 | 22.8 |
| 2005 | 22.4 |
| 2004 | 22.1 |
| 2003 | 21.8 |
| 2002 | 21.5 |
| 2001 | 21.2 |
| 2000 | 20.9 |
| 1999 | 20.6 |
| 1998 | 20.3 |
| 1997 | 20.1 |
| 1996 | 19.9 |
| 1995 | 19.7 |
| 1994 | 19.6 |
| 1993 | 19.5 |
| 1992 | 19.4 |
| 1991 | 19.4 |
| 1990 | 19.3 |
| 1989 | 19.3 |
| 1988 | 19.3 |
| 1987 | 19.3 |
| 1986 | 19.3 |
| 1985 | 19.3 |
| 1984 | 19.2 |
| 1983 | 19.1 |
| 1982 | 19 |
| 1981 | 18.8 |
| 1980 | 18.7 |
| 1979 | 18.5 |
| 1978 | 18.3 |
| 1977 | 18.2 |
| 1976 | 18 |
| 1975 | 17.9 |
| 1974 | 17.7 |
| 1973 | 17.6 |
| 1972 | 17.5 |
| 1971 | 17.4 |
| 1970 | 17.4 |
| 1969 | 17.4 |
| 1968 | 17.5 |
| 1967 | 17.7 |
| 1966 | 18 |
| 1965 | 18.4 |
| 1964 | 19 |
| 1963 | 19.7 |
| 1962 | 20.4 |
| 1961 | 20.9 |
| 1960 | 21.3 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/facts/turkmenistan | CC BY
Turkmenistan vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Turkmenistan with other countries.
Turkmenistan: National Statistics
Finance
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$48.3B
2025 |
95/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
14.1%
2025 |
186/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.29%
2024 |
91/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
2.9%
1999 |
32/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
57,000
2020 |
66/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
+0.06%
2025 |
32/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
4%
2010 |
130/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
48.9%
2025 |
141/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
36%
2025 |
27/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
47
2026 |
177/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
31.5%
1998 |
39/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.4%
1998 |
110/169 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.51B
1999 |
135/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$4.42M
1996 |
180/191 |
| International tourist arrivals |
380,000
1998 |
133/188 |
| Banked people share |
40.6%
2017 |
127/158 |
Energy
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
4,559 kg
2023 |
19/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$4.35
2023 |
170/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
81.4 megatons
2024 |
45/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
10.9 tons
2024 |
17/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
100%
2022 |
3/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
0.1%
2021 |
189/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
0%
2023 |
147/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-109.8%
2022 |
123/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
2,778 kWh
2023 |
69/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
0.01%
2021 |
191/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.02%
2023 |
146/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
182/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
101/195 |
Society
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.09%
2025 |
104/197 |
| Annual migration change |
+13,268
2025 |
39/196 |
| Urban population |
47.1%
2025 |
137/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
49.1:50.9
2025 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.69 ft
2026 |
81/190 |
| Average female height |
5.34 ft
2026 |
50/190 |
| Quality of life index |
26.5
2026 |
161/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
17
2025 |
183/197 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.01
2015 |
149/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
13.5
2019 |
107/197 |
| Visa free countries |
60
2026 |
166/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2022 |
12/196 |
| English speaking |
2.89%
2026 |
160/197 |
| People using the Internet |
21.3%
2017 |
179/195 |
Health
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$581
2023 |
81/192 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$450
2023 |
41/192 |
| Life expectancy |
70.5 years
2026 |
135/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.31%
2023 |
120/181 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
1.93
2023 |
89/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
24.1 years
2021 |
63/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
5
2023 |
171/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
39
2024 |
42/192 |
| Obesity rate |
22.2%
2022 |
98/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.1%
2024 |
132/195 |
| Air quality index |
26
2026 |
147/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
5.4%
2024 |
165/170 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
2.62 liters
2020 |
126/186 |
Territory
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.32%
2026 |
53/197 |
| Land area per capita |
23,815 sq mi
2025 |
17/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
152,812 sq mi
2026 |
29/194 |
| Forest area |
15,934 sq mi
2026 |
75/196 |
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2021, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2022, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Passport Index (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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