Turkmenistan is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 7.49M people. The capital and largest city is Ashgabat, with 1.03M residents. Turkmenistan shares land borders with Uzbekistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Kazakhstan.
Turkmenistan ranks 88/197 by GDP ($64.2B) and 91/197 by GDP per capita ($8,572). The top export category is raw materials & minerals, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
7713465
|
104/197 |
| GDP |
$64.2B
2024 |
88/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$8,572
2024 |
91/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$20,408
2024 |
94/197 |
| Government debt |
$2.97B
2024 |
155/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
4.5%
2025 |
183/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$396
2024 |
172/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$8,974
2025 |
80/197 |
| Land area | 181,441 sq mi | 53/197 |
| Population density | 41.3 ppl/mi² | 181/197 |
| Fertility rate | 2.69 | 69/196 |
| Median age | 27.5 years | 119/196 |
| Life expectancy | 70.3 years | 135/197 |
Turkmenistan trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1987 | $2,331,358,820 |
| 1988 | $3,010,982,414 |
| 1989 | $3,006,988,217 |
| 1990 | $3,189,539,641 |
| 1991 | $3,208,098,919 |
| 1992 | $3,200,539,816 |
| 1993 | $3,179,225,949 |
| 1994 | $2,561,118,608 |
| 1995 | $2,482,228,440 |
| 1996 | $2,378,759,975 |
| 1997 | $2,450,350,625 |
| 1998 | $2,605,689,134 |
| 1999 | $2,450,564,100 |
| 2000 | $2,904,663,311 |
| 2001 | $3,534,772,732 |
| 2002 | $4,462,029,109 |
| 2003 | $5,977,440,583 |
| 2004 | $6,838,351,088 |
| 2005 | $8,103,901,996 |
| 2006 | $10,276,674,365 |
| 2007 | $12,664,165,103 |
| 2008 | $19,271,523,179 |
| 2009 | $20,214,385,965 |
| 2010 | $22,583,157,895 |
| 2011 | $29,233,333,333 |
| 2012 | $35,164,210,526 |
| 2013 | $39,197,543,860 |
| 2014 | $43,524,210,526 |
| 2015 | $35,799,714,286 |
| 2016 | $36,169,428,571 |
| 2017 | $37,926,285,714 |
| 2018 | $40,765,428,571 |
| 2019 | $45,232,857,143 |
| 2020 | $45,818,000,000 |
| 2021 | $50,007,428,571 |
| 2022 | $58,972,000,000 |
| 2023 | $60,628,857,143 |
| 2024 | $64,239,891,739 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1987 | $675 |
| 1988 | $846 |
| 1989 | $821 |
| 1990 | $848 |
| 1991 | $832 |
| 1992 | $811 |
| 1993 | $788 |
| 1994 | $622 |
| 1995 | $592 |
| 1996 | $558 |
| 1997 | $565 |
| 1998 | $591 |
| 1999 | $546 |
| 2000 | $634 |
| 2001 | $756 |
| 2002 | $936 |
| 2003 | $1,229 |
| 2004 | $1,379 |
| 2005 | $1,604 |
| 2006 | $1,997 |
| 2007 | $2,415 |
| 2008 | $3,606 |
| 2009 | $3,708 |
| 2010 | $4,059 |
| 2011 | $5,144 |
| 2012 | $6,054 |
| 2013 | $6,600 |
| 2014 | $7,164 |
| 2015 | $5,759 |
| 2016 | $5,687 |
| 2017 | $5,828 |
| 2018 | $6,125 |
| 2019 | $6,648 |
| 2020 | $6,593 |
| 2021 | $7,051 |
| 2022 | $8,156 |
| 2023 | $8,233 |
| 2024 | $8,572 |
Turkmenistan's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 48.1 |
| 1951 | 48.6 |
| 1952 | 49 |
| 1953 | 49.4 |
| 1954 | 49.8 |
| 1955 | 50.2 |
| 1956 | 50.6 |
| 1957 | 51 |
| 1958 | 51.4 |
| 1959 | 51.8 |
| 1960 | 52.1 |
| 1961 | 52.5 |
| 1962 | 52.9 |
| 1963 | 53.2 |
| 1964 | 53.6 |
| 1965 | 54 |
| 1966 | 54.4 |
| 1967 | 54.8 |
| 1968 | 55.3 |
| 1969 | 55.7 |
| 1970 | 56 |
| 1971 | 56.3 |
| 1972 | 56.6 |
| 1973 | 56.8 |
| 1974 | 57 |
| 1975 | 57.2 |
| 1976 | 57.4 |
| 1977 | 57.7 |
| 1978 | 58.3 |
| 1979 | 59.1 |
| 1980 | 60.2 |
| 1981 | 61 |
| 1982 | 61.6 |
| 1983 | 62 |
| 1984 | 62.4 |
| 1985 | 62.8 |
| 1986 | 63.2 |
| 1987 | 63.5 |
| 1988 | 63.7 |
| 1989 | 63.8 |
| 1990 | 63.9 |
| 1991 | 63.8 |
| 1992 | 63.8 |
| 1993 | 63.6 |
| 1994 | 63.5 |
| 1995 | 63.5 |
| 1996 | 63.5 |
| 1997 | 63.7 |
| 1998 | 64 |
| 1999 | 64.5 |
| 2000 | 64.9 |
| 2001 | 65.3 |
| 2002 | 65.6 |
| 2003 | 65.9 |
| 2004 | 66.1 |
| 2005 | 66.3 |
| 2006 | 66.6 |
| 2007 | 67 |
| 2008 | 67.6 |
| 2009 | 68.2 |
| 2010 | 68.6 |
| 2011 | 68.9 |
| 2012 | 69 |
| 2013 | 69 |
| 2014 | 69 |
| 2015 | 69.1 |
| 2016 | 69.1 |
| 2017 | 69.2 |
| 2018 | 69.3 |
| 2019 | 69.4 |
| 2020 | 68.8 |
| 2021 | 69.4 |
| 2022 | 69.9 |
| 2023 | 70.1 |
| 2024 | 70.2 |
| 2025 | 70.3 |
Turkmenistan's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 1,643,457 |
| 1961 | 1,695,400 |
| 1962 | 1,749,214 |
| 1963 | 1,804,272 |
| 1964 | 1,859,997 |
| 1965 | 1,915,916 |
| 1966 | 1,971,737 |
| 1967 | 2,027,403 |
| 1968 | 2,083,069 |
| 1969 | 2,139,024 |
| 1970 | 2,195,616 |
| 1971 | 2,253,119 |
| 1972 | 2,311,430 |
| 1973 | 2,370,919 |
| 1974 | 2,432,028 |
| 1975 | 2,494,570 |
| 1976 | 2,558,521 |
| 1977 | 2,623,948 |
| 1978 | 2,691,088 |
| 1979 | 2,760,358 |
| 1980 | 2,832,203 |
| 1981 | 2,907,187 |
| 1982 | 2,985,557 |
| 1983 | 3,067,534 |
| 1984 | 3,154,079 |
| 1985 | 3,247,534 |
| 1986 | 3,347,809 |
| 1987 | 3,452,731 |
| 1988 | 3,559,363 |
| 1989 | 3,662,459 |
| 1990 | 3,760,562 |
| 1991 | 3,855,894 |
| 1992 | 3,944,689 |
| 1993 | 4,032,407 |
| 1994 | 4,116,662 |
| 1995 | 4,191,203 |
| 1996 | 4,263,819 |
| 1997 | 4,336,730 |
| 1998 | 4,410,507 |
| 1999 | 4,492,170 |
| 2000 | 4,582,677 |
| 2001 | 4,675,409 |
| 2002 | 4,769,465 |
| 2003 | 4,863,865 |
| 2004 | 4,958,093 |
| 2005 | 5,052,257 |
| 2006 | 5,147,105 |
| 2007 | 5,244,046 |
| 2008 | 5,345,029 |
| 2009 | 5,451,592 |
| 2010 | 5,564,356 |
| 2011 | 5,683,417 |
| 2012 | 5,808,546 |
| 2013 | 5,939,341 |
| 2014 | 6,075,283 |
| 2015 | 6,215,770 |
| 2016 | 6,360,041 |
| 2017 | 6,507,061 |
| 2018 | 6,655,524 |
| 2019 | 6,803,944 |
| 2020 | 6,949,912 |
| 2021 | 7,092,043 |
| 2022 | 7,230,193 |
| 2023 | 7,364,438 |
| 2024 | 7,494,498 |
Turkmenistan's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 6.59 |
| 1961 | 6.69 |
| 1962 | 6.76 |
| 1963 | 6.79 |
| 1964 | 6.79 |
| 1965 | 6.76 |
| 1966 | 6.7 |
| 1967 | 6.64 |
| 1968 | 6.56 |
| 1969 | 6.48 |
| 1970 | 6.4 |
| 1971 | 6.32 |
| 1972 | 6.2 |
| 1973 | 6.15 |
| 1974 | 6.09 |
| 1975 | 6 |
| 1976 | 5.9 |
| 1977 | 5.77 |
| 1978 | 5.61 |
| 1979 | 5.46 |
| 1980 | 5.3 |
| 1981 | 5.16 |
| 1982 | 5.04 |
| 1983 | 4.97 |
| 1984 | 4.96 |
| 1985 | 4.97 |
| 1986 | 4.94 |
| 1987 | 4.84 |
| 1988 | 4.68 |
| 1989 | 4.46 |
| 1990 | 4.29 |
| 1991 | 4.14 |
| 1992 | 3.96 |
| 1993 | 3.78 |
| 1994 | 3.62 |
| 1995 | 3.49 |
| 1996 | 3.29 |
| 1997 | 3.18 |
| 1998 | 3.08 |
| 1999 | 2.98 |
| 2000 | 2.9 |
| 2001 | 2.81 |
| 2002 | 2.71 |
| 2003 | 2.67 |
| 2004 | 2.67 |
| 2005 | 2.71 |
| 2006 | 2.72 |
| 2007 | 2.73 |
| 2008 | 2.75 |
| 2009 | 2.79 |
| 2010 | 2.85 |
| 2011 | 2.9 |
| 2012 | 2.96 |
| 2013 | 3.01 |
| 2014 | 3.02 |
| 2015 | 3.03 |
| 2016 | 2.99 |
| 2017 | 2.93 |
| 2018 | 2.88 |
| 2019 | 2.83 |
| 2020 | 2.79 |
| 2021 | 2.75 |
| 2022 | 2.73 |
| 2023 | 2.69 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 21.3 |
| 1961 | 20.9 |
| 1962 | 20.4 |
| 1963 | 19.7 |
| 1964 | 19 |
| 1965 | 18.4 |
| 1966 | 18 |
| 1967 | 17.7 |
| 1968 | 17.5 |
| 1969 | 17.4 |
| 1970 | 17.4 |
| 1971 | 17.4 |
| 1972 | 17.5 |
| 1973 | 17.6 |
| 1974 | 17.7 |
| 1975 | 17.9 |
| 1976 | 18 |
| 1977 | 18.2 |
| 1978 | 18.3 |
| 1979 | 18.5 |
| 1980 | 18.7 |
| 1981 | 18.8 |
| 1982 | 19 |
| 1983 | 19.1 |
| 1984 | 19.2 |
| 1985 | 19.3 |
| 1986 | 19.3 |
| 1987 | 19.3 |
| 1988 | 19.3 |
| 1989 | 19.3 |
| 1990 | 19.3 |
| 1991 | 19.4 |
| 1992 | 19.4 |
| 1993 | 19.5 |
| 1994 | 19.6 |
| 1995 | 19.7 |
| 1996 | 19.9 |
| 1997 | 20.1 |
| 1998 | 20.3 |
| 1999 | 20.6 |
| 2000 | 20.9 |
| 2001 | 21.2 |
| 2002 | 21.5 |
| 2003 | 21.8 |
| 2004 | 22.1 |
| 2005 | 22.4 |
| 2006 | 22.8 |
| 2007 | 23.1 |
| 2008 | 23.4 |
| 2009 | 23.7 |
| 2010 | 24 |
| 2011 | 24.3 |
| 2012 | 24.5 |
| 2013 | 24.8 |
| 2014 | 25 |
| 2015 | 25.3 |
| 2016 | 25.5 |
| 2017 | 25.7 |
| 2018 | 25.9 |
| 2019 | 26.2 |
| 2020 | 26.4 |
| 2021 | 26.7 |
| 2022 | 26.9 |
| 2023 | 27.2 |
| 2024 | 27.5 |
Turkmenistan vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Turkmenistan with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Turkmenistan: National Statistics
Finance
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$62.9B
2024 |
87/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
11.1%
2025 |
192/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
2.71%
2023 |
155/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
2.9%
1999 |
33/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
57,000
2020 |
66/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
+0.17%
2025 |
25/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
4%
2010 |
124/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
49.4%
2023 |
134/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
39.3%
2023 |
22/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
47.1
2025 |
178/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
31.5%
1998 |
40/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.4%
1998 |
111/169 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.51B
1999 |
135/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$0
2023 |
189/190 |
| International tourist arrivals |
380,000
1998 |
133/188 |
| Banked people share |
40.6%
2017 |
127/158 |
Energy
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
5,626 kg
2022 |
13/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$3.26
2022 |
171/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
66 megatons
2023 |
49/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
8.96 tons
2023 |
21/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
100%
2022 |
3/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
0.1%
2021 |
189/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
0%
2022 |
147/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-109.8%
2022 |
123/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
2,829 kWh
2022 |
67/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
0.01%
2021 |
191/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.02%
2022 |
146/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
182/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
101/195 |
Society
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.09%
2024 |
104/197 |
| Annual migration change |
+14,646
2024 |
44/196 |
| Urban population |
54.5%
2024 |
124/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.72 ft
2025 |
79/190 |
| Average female height |
5.34 ft
2025 |
59/190 |
| Quality of life index |
33.8
2025 |
143/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
17
2024 |
184/197 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.09
2015 |
146/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
13.5
2019 |
107/197 |
| Visa free countries |
65
2025 |
159/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2022 |
13/196 |
| English speaking |
2%
2025 |
168/197 |
| People using the Internet |
21.3%
2017 |
180/195 |
Health
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$579
2022 |
77/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$459
2022 |
37/191 |
| Life expectancy |
70.3 years
2025 |
135/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.63%
2022 |
111/178 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
2.14
2021 |
86/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
24.1 years
2021 |
63/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
5
2023 |
171/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
40
2023 |
40/192 |
| Obesity rate |
22.2%
2022 |
98/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.1%
2024 |
132/195 |
| Air quality index |
26
2025 |
147/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
5.6%
2022 |
160/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
2.62 liters
2020 |
126/186 |
Territory
|
Turkmenistan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.32%
2025 |
53/197 |
| Land area per capita |
24,210 sq mi
2024 |
17/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
152,812 sq mi
2025 |
29/194 |
| Forest area |
15,934 sq mi
2025 |
75/196 |
Compare Turkmenistan with other countries
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