Estonia is a high-income country with a population of 1.37M people. The capital and largest city is Tallinn, with 458K residents. Estonia shares land borders with Latvia and Russia.
Estonia ranks 102/197 by GDP ($42.8B) and 40/197 by GDP per capita ($31,170). The top category for both exports and imports is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1355535
|
155/197 |
| GDP |
$42.8B
2024 |
102/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$31,170
2024 |
40/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$49,334
2024 |
45/197 |
| Government debt |
$10.1B
2024 |
125/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
25.4%
2025 |
168/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$7,362
2024 |
66/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$21,368
2025 |
41/197 |
| Land area | 16,498 sq mi | 129/197 |
| Population density | 83.2 ppl/mi² | 152/197 |
| Fertility rate | 1.31 | 175/196 |
| Median age | 43.3 years | 25/196 |
| Life expectancy | 79.5 years | 48/197 |
Estonia trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1993 | $4,013,091,682 |
| 1994 | $4,123,011,420 |
| 1995 | $4,502,970,889 |
| 1996 | $4,786,018,988 |
| 1997 | $5,154,420,649 |
| 1998 | $5,674,080,543 |
| 1999 | $5,756,912,266 |
| 2000 | $5,686,579,748 |
| 2001 | $6,250,218,423 |
| 2002 | $7,370,119,619 |
| 2003 | $9,876,595,528 |
| 2004 | $12,148,595,031 |
| 2005 | $14,109,491,357 |
| 2006 | $17,025,671,810 |
| 2007 | $22,450,264,166 |
| 2008 | $24,342,935,404 |
| 2009 | $19,633,984,440 |
| 2010 | $19,524,355,419 |
| 2011 | $23,303,915,795 |
| 2012 | $23,237,406,116 |
| 2013 | $25,451,032,781 |
| 2014 | $27,055,689,003 |
| 2015 | $23,311,847,751 |
| 2016 | $24,561,027,788 |
| 2017 | $27,469,461,919 |
| 2018 | $31,222,632,741 |
| 2019 | $31,873,748,770 |
| 2020 | $31,820,771,494 |
| 2021 | $37,204,563,051 |
| 2022 | $38,376,046,175 |
| 2023 | $41,291,245,222 |
| 2024 | $42,764,929,169 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1993 | $2,686 |
| 1994 | $2,819 |
| 1995 | $3,134 |
| 1996 | $3,381 |
| 1997 | $3,683 |
| 1998 | $4,093 |
| 1999 | $4,141 |
| 2000 | $4,071 |
| 2001 | $4,503 |
| 2002 | $5,343 |
| 2003 | $7,205 |
| 2004 | $8,916 |
| 2005 | $10,415 |
| 2006 | $12,641 |
| 2007 | $16,745 |
| 2008 | $18,206 |
| 2009 | $14,712 |
| 2010 | $14,664 |
| 2011 | $17,556 |
| 2012 | $17,568 |
| 2013 | $19,310 |
| 2014 | $20,582 |
| 2015 | $17,722 |
| 2016 | $18,666 |
| 2017 | $20,852 |
| 2018 | $23,618 |
| 2019 | $24,021 |
| 2020 | $23,934 |
| 2021 | $27,954 |
| 2022 | $28,451 |
| 2023 | $30,133 |
| 2024 | $31,170 |
Estonia's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 66.4 |
| 1951 | 66.8 |
| 1952 | 67.2 |
| 1953 | 67.5 |
| 1954 | 67.8 |
| 1955 | 68.2 |
| 1956 | 68.5 |
| 1957 | 68.8 |
| 1958 | 68.8 |
| 1959 | 68.7 |
| 1960 | 69.3 |
| 1961 | 69.6 |
| 1962 | 69.8 |
| 1963 | 69.9 |
| 1964 | 70.6 |
| 1965 | 70.7 |
| 1966 | 70.7 |
| 1967 | 71 |
| 1968 | 70.6 |
| 1969 | 70.3 |
| 1970 | 70.4 |
| 1971 | 70.6 |
| 1972 | 70.4 |
| 1973 | 70.7 |
| 1974 | 70.8 |
| 1975 | 70.1 |
| 1976 | 69.7 |
| 1977 | 69.8 |
| 1978 | 69.7 |
| 1979 | 69.4 |
| 1980 | 69.5 |
| 1981 | 69.3 |
| 1982 | 69.9 |
| 1983 | 69.8 |
| 1984 | 69.6 |
| 1985 | 69.8 |
| 1986 | 70.9 |
| 1987 | 70.9 |
| 1988 | 71 |
| 1989 | 70.5 |
| 1990 | 69.9 |
| 1991 | 69.8 |
| 1992 | 69.2 |
| 1993 | 68.2 |
| 1994 | 66.7 |
| 1995 | 67.8 |
| 1996 | 70 |
| 1997 | 70.2 |
| 1998 | 69.8 |
| 1999 | 70.7 |
| 2000 | 71 |
| 2001 | 70.8 |
| 2002 | 71.4 |
| 2003 | 71.9 |
| 2004 | 72.4 |
| 2005 | 73 |
| 2006 | 73.2 |
| 2007 | 73.2 |
| 2008 | 74.3 |
| 2009 | 75.2 |
| 2010 | 75.9 |
| 2011 | 76.3 |
| 2012 | 76.4 |
| 2013 | 77.3 |
| 2014 | 77.1 |
| 2015 | 77.7 |
| 2016 | 77.8 |
| 2017 | 78.2 |
| 2018 | 78.3 |
| 2019 | 78.8 |
| 2020 | 78.9 |
| 2021 | 77.4 |
| 2022 | 78.2 |
| 2023 | 79.2 |
| 2024 | 79.3 |
| 2025 | 79.5 |
Estonia's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 1,211,537 |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 |
| 2024 | 1,371,986 |
Estonia's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 1.98 |
| 1961 | 1.98 |
| 1962 | 1.95 |
| 1963 | 1.89 |
| 1964 | 1.94 |
| 1965 | 1.88 |
| 1966 | 1.87 |
| 1967 | 1.9 |
| 1968 | 2.03 |
| 1969 | 2.13 |
| 1970 | 2.17 |
| 1971 | 2.19 |
| 1972 | 2.13 |
| 1973 | 2.06 |
| 1974 | 2.07 |
| 1975 | 2.04 |
| 1976 | 2.07 |
| 1977 | 2.06 |
| 1978 | 2.02 |
| 1979 | 2 |
| 1980 | 2.02 |
| 1981 | 2.07 |
| 1982 | 2.07 |
| 1983 | 2.16 |
| 1984 | 2.17 |
| 1985 | 2.13 |
| 1986 | 2.18 |
| 1987 | 2.27 |
| 1988 | 2.27 |
| 1989 | 2.22 |
| 1990 | 2.05 |
| 1991 | 1.8 |
| 1992 | 1.71 |
| 1993 | 1.49 |
| 1994 | 1.42 |
| 1995 | 1.38 |
| 1996 | 1.37 |
| 1997 | 1.32 |
| 1998 | 1.28 |
| 1999 | 1.3 |
| 2000 | 1.36 |
| 2001 | 1.32 |
| 2002 | 1.36 |
| 2003 | 1.37 |
| 2004 | 1.47 |
| 2005 | 1.52 |
| 2006 | 1.58 |
| 2007 | 1.69 |
| 2008 | 1.72 |
| 2009 | 1.7 |
| 2010 | 1.72 |
| 2011 | 1.61 |
| 2012 | 1.56 |
| 2013 | 1.52 |
| 2014 | 1.54 |
| 2015 | 1.58 |
| 2016 | 1.6 |
| 2017 | 1.59 |
| 2018 | 1.67 |
| 2019 | 1.66 |
| 2020 | 1.58 |
| 2021 | 1.61 |
| 2022 | 1.41 |
| 2023 | 1.31 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 32.2 |
| 1961 | 32.4 |
| 1962 | 32.5 |
| 1963 | 32.7 |
| 1964 | 32.8 |
| 1965 | 33 |
| 1966 | 33.2 |
| 1967 | 33.4 |
| 1968 | 33.6 |
| 1969 | 33.7 |
| 1970 | 33.7 |
| 1971 | 33.8 |
| 1972 | 33.9 |
| 1973 | 34.1 |
| 1974 | 34.2 |
| 1975 | 34.2 |
| 1976 | 34.3 |
| 1977 | 34.3 |
| 1978 | 34.2 |
| 1979 | 34 |
| 1980 | 33.9 |
| 1981 | 33.8 |
| 1982 | 33.8 |
| 1983 | 33.9 |
| 1984 | 33.9 |
| 1985 | 33.9 |
| 1986 | 34 |
| 1987 | 34 |
| 1988 | 34.1 |
| 1989 | 34.2 |
| 1990 | 34.3 |
| 1991 | 34.6 |
| 1992 | 35 |
| 1993 | 35.6 |
| 1994 | 36 |
| 1995 | 36.3 |
| 1996 | 36.7 |
| 1997 | 37 |
| 1998 | 37.3 |
| 1999 | 37.6 |
| 2000 | 38 |
| 2001 | 38.3 |
| 2002 | 38.5 |
| 2003 | 38.8 |
| 2004 | 39.1 |
| 2005 | 39.3 |
| 2006 | 39.6 |
| 2007 | 39.7 |
| 2008 | 39.8 |
| 2009 | 40 |
| 2010 | 40.3 |
| 2011 | 40.6 |
| 2012 | 40.9 |
| 2013 | 41.1 |
| 2014 | 41.4 |
| 2015 | 41.5 |
| 2016 | 41.7 |
| 2017 | 41.9 |
| 2018 | 42 |
| 2019 | 42.2 |
| 2020 | 42.4 |
| 2021 | 42.5 |
| 2022 | 42.7 |
| 2023 | 42.9 |
| 2024 | 43.3 |
Estonia vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Estonia with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Estonia: National Statistics
Finance
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$39.4B
2024 |
100/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
44.4%
2025 |
36/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
5.21%
2022 |
53/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
2.87%
2023 |
36/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
7,000
2020 |
142/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-2.69%
2025 |
83/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
7.5%
2024 |
59/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
65.1%
2024 |
47/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
20.5%
2024 |
127/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
78.9
2025 |
9/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.7%
2023 |
141/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.1%
2023 |
51/169 |
| Number of billionaires |
2
2025 |
54/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.0002%
2025 |
21/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
14
2003 |
94/103 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$2.07B
2024 |
125/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$496M
2024 |
115/190 |
| International tourist arrivals |
1,695,000
2020 |
70/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
3.98%
2020 |
102/184 |
| Banked people share |
98.9%
2024 |
8/158 |
Energy
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
3,089 kg
2023 |
30/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$15.1
2023 |
77/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
11.4 megatons
2023 |
102/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
8.35 tons
2023 |
24/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
60.9%
2023 |
93/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
38%
2021 |
64/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
2.9%
2023 |
96/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
3.77%
2023 |
98/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
5,722 kWh
2023 |
34/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
40%
2021 |
75/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.42%
2023 |
139/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
81/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
33/195 |
Society
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
153/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-7,742
2024 |
131/196 |
| Urban population |
70%
2024 |
76/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
6 ft
2025 |
3/190 |
| Average female height |
5.53 ft
2025 |
6/190 |
| Quality of life index |
82
2025 |
28/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
76
2024 |
18/197 |
| Higher education index |
81
2025 |
36/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.54
2023 |
128/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
4.5
2019 |
170/197 |
| Visa free countries |
173
2025 |
24/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
16/196 |
| English speaking |
50.2%
2023 |
64/197 |
| People using the Internet |
92.2%
2024 |
40/195 |
Health
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$1,999
2022 |
36/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$463
2022 |
36/191 |
| Life expectancy |
79.5 years
2025 |
48/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.01%
2022 |
145/178 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.44
2021 |
41/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28.7 years
2023 |
35/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
5
2023 |
167/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
2.1
2023 |
190/192 |
| Obesity rate |
22.8%
2022 |
93/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
6.9%
2024 |
135/195 |
| Air quality index |
95
2025 |
12/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
28.3%
2022 |
37/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
10.7 liters
2020 |
19/186 |
Territory
|
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.03%
2025 |
129/197 |
| Land area per capita |
12,025 sq mi
2024 |
46/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
3,815 sq mi
2025 |
140/194 |
| Forest area |
9,415 sq mi
2025 |
99/196 |
Compare Estonia with other countries
Relevant pages:
Estonia topic pages:
Facts comparisons
