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Estonia vs North Macedonia statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 1.79M in North Macedonia (ranked 150/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 9,737 sq mi for North Macedonia (ranked 129th vs. 145th).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 102/197 ($42.8B) and North Macedonia ranks 138/197 ($16.7B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,170), while North Macedonia ranks 88/197 ($9,310).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia North Macedonia
Population
1355535
1783115
Population rank 155/197 150/197
GDP
$42.8B
2024
$16.7B
2024
GDP rank 102/197 138/197
GDP per capita
$31,170
2024
$9,310
2024
GDP per capita rank 40/197 88/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,334
2024
$26,587
2024
Government debt
$10.1B
2024
$9.15B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.4%
2025
52.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,362
2024
$5,105
2024
Government debt per person rank 66/185 78/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$21,368
2025
$8,472
2025
Land area
16,498 sq mi
2025
9,737 sq mi
2025
Population density
83.2 ppl/mi²
2024
184 ppl/mi²
2024
Fertility rate
1.31
2023
1.5
2023
Median age
43.3 years
2024
41.6 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.5 years
2025
77.7 years
2025

Estonia and North Macedonia: Comparison Charts

Estonia and North Macedonia economies compared

GDP
Estonia

North Macedonia
Year GDP
Estonia North Macedonia
1990 - $4,699,646,643
1991 - $4,938,775,510
1992 - $2,436,849,342
1993 $4,013,091,682 $2,682,456,897
1994 $4,123,011,420 $3,559,608,640
1995 $4,502,970,889 $4,707,041,315
1996 $4,786,018,988 $4,642,021,256
1997 $5,154,420,649 $3,912,986,091
1998 $5,674,080,543 $3,765,745,023
1999 $5,756,912,266 $3,863,619,285
2000 $5,686,579,748 $3,772,859,034
2001 $6,250,218,423 $3,709,636,031
2002 $7,370,119,619 $4,018,365,747
2003 $9,876,595,528 $4,946,296,599
2004 $12,148,595,031 $5,682,784,472
2005 $14,109,491,357 $6,258,602,873
2006 $17,025,671,810 $6,861,226,972
2007 $22,450,264,166 $8,336,474,974
2008 $24,342,935,404 $9,909,552,435
2009 $19,633,984,440 $9,401,736,825
2010 $19,524,355,419 $9,407,170,321
2011 $23,303,915,795 $10,494,626,768
2012 $23,237,406,116 $9,745,261,301
2013 $25,451,032,781 $10,817,702,346
2014 $27,055,689,003 $11,362,265,253
2015 $23,311,847,751 $10,064,519,963
2016 $24,561,027,788 $10,672,467,073
2017 $27,469,461,919 $11,307,067,070
2018 $31,222,632,741 $12,683,068,114
2019 $31,873,748,770 $12,606,338,449
2020 $31,820,771,494 $12,361,036,914
2021 $37,204,563,051 $14,000,283,827
2022 $38,376,046,175 $13,932,436,550
2023 $41,291,245,222 $15,763,604,288
2024 $42,764,929,169 $16,685,236,492

Estonia and North Macedonia economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

North Macedonia
Year GDP per capita
Estonia North Macedonia
1990 - $2,277
1991 - $2,402
1992 - $1,199
1993 $2,686 $1,337
1994 $2,819 $1,786
1995 $3,134 $2,355
1996 $3,381 $2,307
1997 $3,683 $1,960
1998 $4,093 $1,876
1999 $4,141 $1,915
2000 $4,071 $1,862
2001 $4,503 $1,823
2002 $5,343 $1,989
2003 $7,205 $2,445
2004 $8,916 $2,819
2005 $10,415 $3,121
2006 $12,641 $3,440
2007 $16,745 $4,204
2008 $18,206 $5,026
2009 $14,712 $4,800
2010 $14,664 $4,833
2011 $17,556 $5,417
2012 $17,568 $5,050
2013 $19,310 $5,626
2014 $20,582 $5,925
2015 $17,722 $5,263
2016 $18,666 $5,598
2017 $20,852 $5,955
2018 $23,618 $6,714
2019 $24,021 $6,719
2020 $23,934 $6,660
2021 $27,954 $7,621
2022 $28,451 $7,606
2023 $30,133 $8,624
2024 $31,170 $9,310

Estonia vs. North Macedonia life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

North Macedonia
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia North Macedonia
1950 66.4 50.6
1951 66.8 48.5
1952 67.2 52.5
1953 67.5 53.2
1954 67.8 55.7
1955 68.2 55.4
1956 68.5 58.5
1957 68.8 55.7
1958 68.8 60.3
1959 68.7 59.5
1960 69.3 60.5
1961 69.6 61.8
1962 69.8 59.3
1963 69.9 61.4
1964 70.6 61.5
1965 70.7 62.6
1966 70.7 63.5
1967 71 63.8
1968 70.6 64.6
1969 70.3 64
1970 70.4 65
1971 70.6 65.2
1972 70.4 65.6
1973 70.7 67.1
1974 70.8 67.1
1975 70.1 67.3
1976 69.7 67.9
1977 69.8 68.2
1978 69.7 69.1
1979 69.4 69.2
1980 69.5 69.1
1981 69.3 69.4
1982 69.9 69.8
1983 69.8 69.7
1984 69.6 70.2
1985 69.8 70.2
1986 70.9 70.3
1987 70.9 70.4
1988 71 70.5
1989 70.5 71.1
1990 69.9 71.3
1991 69.8 71.8
1992 69.2 71.3
1993 68.2 71.7
1994 66.7 71.5
1995 67.8 72
1996 70 71.9
1997 70.2 71.9
1998 69.8 71.8
1999 70.7 72.3
2000 71 72.6
2001 70.8 73
2002 71.4 72.7
2003 71.9 73
2004 72.4 73.4
2005 73 73.6
2006 73.2 73.8
2007 73.2 73.7
2008 74.3 74.4
2009 75.2 74.5
2010 75.9 75
2011 76.3 75.1
2012 76.4 75
2013 77.3 75.6
2014 77.1 75.6
2015 77.7 75.6
2016 77.8 75.6
2017 78.2 76.2
2018 78.3 76.9
2019 78.8 76.8
2020 78.9 74.5
2021 77.4 73.3
2022 78.2 76.6
2023 79.2 77.4
2024 79.3 77.5
2025 79.5 77.7

Estonia and North Macedonia population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

North Macedonia
Year Population
Estonia North Macedonia
1960 1,211,537 1,435,059
1961 1,225,077 1,455,171
1962 1,241,623 1,471,745
1963 1,258,857 1,488,737
1964 1,277,086 1,510,900
1965 1,294,566 1,533,466
1966 1,308,597 1,557,349
1967 1,318,946 1,582,492
1968 1,331,214 1,608,930
1969 1,345,249 1,636,345
1970 1,360,076 1,664,208
1971 1,376,955 1,691,216
1972 1,392,518 1,717,395
1973 1,405,951 1,743,816
1974 1,418,169 1,770,545
1975 1,429,352 1,797,972
1976 1,439,576 1,825,830
1977 1,450,211 1,853,138
1978 1,460,188 1,879,847
1979 1,468,333 1,906,523
1980 1,477,219 1,933,038
1981 1,487,666 1,959,065
1982 1,498,414 1,978,956
1983 1,508,745 1,991,901
1984 1,518,617 2,003,399
1985 1,528,781 2,014,331
1986 1,540,190 2,024,732
1987 1,552,221 2,035,157
1988 1,561,900 2,045,737
1989 1,568,131 2,055,649
1990 1,569,174 2,063,689
1991 1,561,314 2,055,994
1992 1,533,091 2,032,523
1993 1,494,128 2,006,854
1994 1,462,514 1,992,666
1995 1,436,634 1,998,534
1996 1,415,594 2,012,553
1997 1,399,535 1,996,869
1998 1,386,156 2,007,523
1999 1,390,244 2,017,142
2000 1,396,985 2,026,350
2001 1,388,115 2,034,882
2002 1,379,350 2,020,157
2003 1,370,720 2,022,725
2004 1,362,550 2,016,186
2005 1,354,775 2,005,330
2006 1,346,810 1,994,287
2007 1,340,680 1,982,933
2008 1,337,090 1,971,493
2009 1,334,515 1,958,782
2010 1,331,475 1,946,298
2011 1,327,439 1,937,398
2012 1,322,696 1,929,821
2013 1,317,997 1,922,716
2014 1,314,545 1,917,557
2015 1,315,407 1,912,430
2016 1,315,790 1,906,313
2017 1,317,384 1,898,657
2018 1,321,977 1,889,051
2019 1,326,898 1,876,262
2020 1,329,522 1,856,124
2021 1,330,932 1,837,114
2022 1,348,840 1,831,712
2023 1,370,286 1,827,816
2024 1,371,986 1,792,179

Fertility rates in Estonia and North Macedonia

Fertility rate
Estonia

North Macedonia
Year Fertility rate
Estonia North Macedonia
1960 1.98 3.83
1961 1.98 3.62
1962 1.95 3.5
1963 1.89 3.62
1964 1.94 3.56
1965 1.88 3.52
1966 1.87 3.43
1967 1.9 3.33
1968 2.03 3.22
1969 2.13 3.1
1970 2.17 3.01
1971 2.19 2.93
1972 2.13 2.87
1973 2.06 2.72
1974 2.07 2.7
1975 2.04 2.69
1976 2.07 2.62
1977 2.06 2.49
1978 2.02 2.42
1979 2 2.4
1980 2.02 2.36
1981 2.07 2.29
1982 2.07 2.29
1983 2.16 2.25
1984 2.17 2.24
1985 2.13 2.25
1986 2.18 2.25
1987 2.27 2.32
1988 2.27 2.32
1989 2.22 2.25
1990 2.05 2.27
1991 1.8 2.31
1992 1.71 2.28
1993 1.49 2.26
1994 1.42 2.23
1995 1.38 2.13
1996 1.37 2.06
1997 1.32 1.92
1998 1.28 1.89
1999 1.3 1.77
2000 1.36 1.86
2001 1.32 1.73
2002 1.36 1.79
2003 1.37 1.75
2004 1.47 1.52
2005 1.52 1.5
2006 1.58 1.46
2007 1.69 1.46
2008 1.72 1.47
2009 1.7 1.5
2010 1.72 1.6
2011 1.61 1.46
2012 1.56 1.5
2013 1.52 1.5
2014 1.54 1.5
2015 1.58 1.49
2016 1.6 1.5
2017 1.59 1.43
2018 1.67 1.42
2019 1.66 1.34
2020 1.58 1.31
2021 1.61 1.6
2022 1.41 1.6
2023 1.31 1.5

Estonia and North Macedonia demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

North Macedonia
Year Median age, years
Estonia North Macedonia
1960 32.2 21.8
1961 32.4 21.8
1962 32.5 21.9
1963 32.7 21.9
1964 32.8 21.9
1965 33 21.9
1966 33.2 22
1967 33.4 22.2
1968 33.6 22.4
1969 33.7 22.6
1970 33.7 22.8
1971 33.8 23.1
1972 33.9 23.3
1973 34.1 23.6
1974 34.2 23.9
1975 34.2 24.2
1976 34.3 24.5
1977 34.3 24.8
1978 34.2 25.2
1979 34 25.5
1980 33.9 25.9
1981 33.8 26.2
1982 33.8 26.5
1983 33.9 26.8
1984 33.9 27.2
1985 33.9 27.5
1986 34 27.8
1987 34 28
1988 34.1 28.3
1989 34.2 28.6
1990 34.3 28.9
1991 34.6 29.2
1992 35 29.6
1993 35.6 29.9
1994 36 30.3
1995 36.3 30.5
1996 36.7 30.8
1997 37 31
1998 37.3 31.2
1999 37.6 31.5
2000 38 31.9
2001 38.3 32.2
2002 38.5 32.6
2003 38.8 32.8
2004 39.1 33.2
2005 39.3 33.5
2006 39.6 33.9
2007 39.7 34.3
2008 39.8 34.7
2009 40 35.1
2010 40.3 35.5
2011 40.6 36
2012 40.9 36.4
2013 41.1 36.9
2014 41.4 37.3
2015 41.5 37.8
2016 41.7 38.3
2017 41.9 38.8
2018 42 39.4
2019 42.2 39.9
2020 42.4 40.3
2021 42.5 40.7
2022 42.7 40.9
2023 42.9 41.3
2024 43.3 41.6

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Estonia and North Macedonia.

GDP per capita

GDP

Life expectancy

Population

Population density

Fertility rate

Median age

Land area

National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia North Macedonia
GNI, Atlas method
$39.4B
2024
$15B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.4%
2025
39.1%
2025
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
3.3%
2002
Military expenditure, % of GDP
2.87%
2023
1.7%
2023
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
16,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-2.69%
2025
-5.04%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2024
12.3%
2024
Services, % of GDP
65.1%
2024
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.5%
2024
22.7%
2024
Economic freedom index
78.9
2025
63.2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
22.9%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
1.9%
2019
Number of billionaires
2
2025
n/a
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
n/a
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$2.07B
2024
$5.25B
2024
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$458M
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
118,000
2020
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
3.52%
2020
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
84.3%
2024

Energy

Estonia North Macedonia
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,089 kg
2023
1,450 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$15.1
2023
$16.8
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
11.4 megatons
2023
8.76 megatons
2023
CO2 emissions per capita
8.35 tons
2023
4.79 tons
2023
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
82.2%
2022
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
19.5%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
2.9%
2023
7.2%
2023
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
63.8%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,722 kWh
2023
3,320 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
31%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.42%
2023
23.6%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia North Macedonia
% of world population
0.02%
2024
0.02%
2024
Annual migration change
-7,742
2024
-5,728
2024
Urban population
70%
2024
59.9%
2024
Male:Female ratio
50:50
2024
50:50
2024
Average male height
6 ft
2025
5.79 ft
2025
Average female height
5.53 ft
2025
5.28 ft
2025
Quality of life index
82
2025
57.5
2025
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2024
40
2024
Higher education index
81
2025
63
2025
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
1.53
2023
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
5.1
2019
Visa free countries
173
2025
132
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
97.6%
2012
English speaking
50.2%
2023
5%
2025
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
87.2%
2023

Health

Estonia North Macedonia
Government health expenditure per capita
$1,999
2022
$562
2022
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$463
2022
$225.9
2022
Life expectancy
79.5 years
2025
77.7 years
2025
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.01%
2022
0.002%
2018
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.44
2021
2.96
2020
Age at first childbirth
28.7 years
2023
27.4 years
2022
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
3
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
2.1
2023
3.3
2023
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
28.4%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
7.4%
2024
Air quality index
95
2025
32
2025
Tobacco use prevalence
28.3%
2022
n/a
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
4.36 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia North Macedonia
% of world land
0.03%
2025
0.02%
2025
Land area per capita
12,025 sq mi
2024
5,433 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2025
4,830 sq mi
2025
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2025
3,867 sq mi
2025
Roads length n/a
8,812 mi
2017

In-depth comparisons

Facts comparisons

Facts vs Estonia vs North Macedonia
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