Kazakhstan is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 20.6M people. The capital is Nur-Sultan, while the largest city is Almaty, with 2.23M residents. Kazakhstan shares land borders with Russia, Uzbekistan, China, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan ranks 48/197 by GDP ($291B) and 71/197 by GDP per capita ($14,155). The top export category is raw materials & minerals, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
21086160
|
65/197 |
| GDP |
$291B
2024 |
48/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$14,155
2024 |
71/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$40,891
2024 |
58/197 |
| Government debt |
$72.3B
2024 |
64/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
27.9%
2026 |
164/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$3,511
2024 |
95/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$7,117
2026 |
94/197 |
| Land area | 1,042,360 sq mi | 9/197 |
| Population density | 19.8 ppl/mi² | 187/197 |
| Fertility rate | 3.01 | 57/196 |
| Median age | 30.5 years | 99/196 |
| Life expectancy | 74.8 years | 99/197 |
Kazakhstan trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1990 | $26,932,016,270 |
| 1991 | $24,923,076,923 |
| 1992 | $24,917,355,372 |
| 1993 | $23,409,260,880 |
| 1994 | $21,250,792,886 |
| 1995 | $20,374,302,652 |
| 1996 | $21,035,357,937 |
| 1997 | $22,165,932,063 |
| 1998 | $22,135,245,507 |
| 1999 | $16,870,817,182 |
| 2000 | $18,291,990,662 |
| 2001 | $22,152,689,180 |
| 2002 | $24,636,598,527 |
| 2003 | $30,833,692,900 |
| 2004 | $43,151,647,003 |
| 2005 | $57,123,671,734 |
| 2006 | $81,003,864,630 |
| 2007 | $104,849,915,058 |
| 2008 | $133,441,648,852 |
| 2009 | $115,308,686,941 |
| 2010 | $148,047,348,241 |
| 2011 | $192,626,464,617 |
| 2012 | $207,998,568,866 |
| 2013 | $236,634,603,409 |
| 2014 | $221,415,613,595 |
| 2015 | $184,388,404,706 |
| 2016 | $137,278,320,084 |
| 2017 | $166,805,788,827 |
| 2018 | $179,339,977,690 |
| 2019 | $181,667,184,855 |
| 2020 | $171,082,365,861 |
| 2021 | $197,112,255,361 |
| 2022 | $225,496,328,925 |
| 2023 | $261,840,101,060 |
| 2024 | $291,480,274,649 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1990 | $1,570 |
| 1991 | $1,442 |
| 1992 | $1,438 |
| 1993 | $1,355 |
| 1994 | $1,247 |
| 1995 | $1,218 |
| 1996 | $1,281 |
| 1997 | $1,382 |
| 1998 | $1,415 |
| 1999 | $1,092 |
| 2000 | $1,180 |
| 2001 | $1,422 |
| 2002 | $1,574 |
| 2003 | $1,958 |
| 2004 | $2,722 |
| 2005 | $3,577 |
| 2006 | $5,030 |
| 2007 | $6,449 |
| 2008 | $8,124 |
| 2009 | $6,938 |
| 2010 | $8,793 |
| 2011 | $11,287 |
| 2012 | $12,019 |
| 2013 | $13,478 |
| 2014 | $12,428 |
| 2015 | $10,196 |
| 2016 | $7,476 |
| 2017 | $8,943 |
| 2018 | $9,472 |
| 2019 | $9,457 |
| 2020 | $8,782 |
| 2021 | $9,984 |
| 2022 | $11,255 |
| 2023 | $12,879 |
| 2024 | $14,155 |
Kazakhstan's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 55.6 |
| 1951 | 55.9 |
| 1952 | 56.1 |
| 1953 | 56.4 |
| 1954 | 56.6 |
| 1955 | 56.8 |
| 1956 | 57.1 |
| 1957 | 57.3 |
| 1958 | 57.5 |
| 1959 | 57.7 |
| 1960 | 57.9 |
| 1961 | 58.2 |
| 1962 | 58.4 |
| 1963 | 58.6 |
| 1964 | 58.8 |
| 1965 | 59 |
| 1966 | 59.2 |
| 1967 | 59.4 |
| 1968 | 59.6 |
| 1969 | 59.8 |
| 1970 | 60 |
| 1971 | 60.3 |
| 1972 | 60.5 |
| 1973 | 60.7 |
| 1974 | 60.9 |
| 1975 | 61.1 |
| 1976 | 61.3 |
| 1977 | 61.5 |
| 1978 | 61.8 |
| 1979 | 62.1 |
| 1980 | 62.5 |
| 1981 | 63 |
| 1982 | 63.6 |
| 1983 | 64.2 |
| 1984 | 64.8 |
| 1985 | 65.4 |
| 1986 | 65.8 |
| 1987 | 66 |
| 1988 | 66 |
| 1989 | 65.9 |
| 1990 | 65.7 |
| 1991 | 65.4 |
| 1992 | 65 |
| 1993 | 64.5 |
| 1994 | 64.1 |
| 1995 | 63.7 |
| 1996 | 63.5 |
| 1997 | 63.3 |
| 1998 | 63.3 |
| 1999 | 63.5 |
| 2000 | 63.8 |
| 2001 | 64.1 |
| 2002 | 64.4 |
| 2003 | 64.8 |
| 2004 | 65 |
| 2005 | 65.4 |
| 2006 | 65.7 |
| 2007 | 66.2 |
| 2008 | 66.8 |
| 2009 | 67.5 |
| 2010 | 68.3 |
| 2011 | 69.1 |
| 2012 | 69.9 |
| 2013 | 70.7 |
| 2014 | 71.4 |
| 2015 | 72 |
| 2016 | 72.5 |
| 2017 | 73 |
| 2018 | 73.4 |
| 2019 | 73.7 |
| 2020 | 71.2 |
| 2021 | 70.1 |
| 2022 | 73.5 |
| 2023 | 74.4 |
| 2024 | 74.5 |
| 2025 | 74.7 |
| 2026 | 74.8 |
Kazakhstan's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 9,429,981 |
| 1961 | 9,742,085 |
| 1962 | 10,058,928 |
| 1963 | 10,377,466 |
| 1964 | 10,690,309 |
| 1965 | 10,993,183 |
| 1966 | 11,288,989 |
| 1967 | 11,584,428 |
| 1968 | 11,879,182 |
| 1969 | 12,156,212 |
| 1970 | 12,419,057 |
| 1971 | 12,684,813 |
| 1972 | 12,951,798 |
| 1973 | 13,208,121 |
| 1974 | 13,454,570 |
| 1975 | 13,700,843 |
| 1976 | 13,998,738 |
| 1977 | 14,353,265 |
| 1978 | 14,711,497 |
| 1979 | 14,978,696 |
| 1980 | 15,152,949 |
| 1981 | 15,323,082 |
| 1982 | 15,492,595 |
| 1983 | 15,665,551 |
| 1984 | 15,844,621 |
| 1985 | 16,031,090 |
| 1986 | 16,262,702 |
| 1987 | 16,527,715 |
| 1988 | 16,781,168 |
| 1989 | 16,997,013 |
| 1990 | 17,154,054 |
| 1991 | 17,278,600 |
| 1992 | 17,332,625 |
| 1993 | 17,274,487 |
| 1994 | 17,043,771 |
| 1995 | 16,730,536 |
| 1996 | 16,416,027 |
| 1997 | 16,043,251 |
| 1998 | 15,647,785 |
| 1999 | 15,455,874 |
| 2000 | 15,501,103 |
| 2001 | 15,575,550 |
| 2002 | 15,656,677 |
| 2003 | 15,747,380 |
| 2004 | 15,850,159 |
| 2005 | 15,968,117 |
| 2006 | 16,103,716 |
| 2007 | 16,257,214 |
| 2008 | 16,426,525 |
| 2009 | 16,619,846 |
| 2010 | 16,836,810 |
| 2011 | 17,066,002 |
| 2012 | 17,306,106 |
| 2013 | 17,556,502 |
| 2014 | 17,816,285 |
| 2015 | 18,084,169 |
| 2016 | 18,363,600 |
| 2017 | 18,651,931 |
| 2018 | 18,932,727 |
| 2019 | 19,209,555 |
| 2020 | 19,482,117 |
| 2021 | 19,743,603 |
| 2022 | 20,034,609 |
| 2023 | 20,330,104 |
| 2024 | 20,592,571 |
Kazakhstan's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 4.5 |
| 1961 | 4.42 |
| 1962 | 4.36 |
| 1963 | 4.26 |
| 1964 | 4.07 |
| 1965 | 3.88 |
| 1966 | 3.82 |
| 1967 | 3.77 |
| 1968 | 3.63 |
| 1969 | 3.51 |
| 1970 | 3.51 |
| 1971 | 3.53 |
| 1972 | 3.55 |
| 1973 | 3.51 |
| 1974 | 3.45 |
| 1975 | 3.4 |
| 1976 | 3.33 |
| 1977 | 3.26 |
| 1978 | 3.16 |
| 1979 | 3.14 |
| 1980 | 3.09 |
| 1981 | 3.05 |
| 1982 | 3.02 |
| 1983 | 3.07 |
| 1984 | 3.15 |
| 1985 | 3.21 |
| 1986 | 3.19 |
| 1987 | 3.12 |
| 1988 | 3 |
| 1989 | 2.87 |
| 1990 | 2.75 |
| 1991 | 2.68 |
| 1992 | 2.58 |
| 1993 | 2.48 |
| 1994 | 2.38 |
| 1995 | 2.25 |
| 1996 | 2.08 |
| 1997 | 1.97 |
| 1998 | 1.94 |
| 1999 | 1.9 |
| 2000 | 1.9 |
| 2001 | 1.91 |
| 2002 | 1.96 |
| 2003 | 2.08 |
| 2004 | 2.2 |
| 2005 | 2.27 |
| 2006 | 2.38 |
| 2007 | 2.49 |
| 2008 | 2.62 |
| 2009 | 2.58 |
| 2010 | 2.61 |
| 2011 | 2.61 |
| 2012 | 2.64 |
| 2013 | 2.67 |
| 2014 | 2.76 |
| 2015 | 2.76 |
| 2016 | 2.8 |
| 2017 | 2.75 |
| 2018 | 2.85 |
| 2019 | 2.89 |
| 2020 | 3.13 |
| 2021 | 3.32 |
| 2022 | 3.05 |
| 2023 | 3.01 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 23.2 |
| 1961 | 23.2 |
| 1962 | 23.3 |
| 1963 | 23.3 |
| 1964 | 23.3 |
| 1965 | 23.2 |
| 1966 | 23.2 |
| 1967 | 23.2 |
| 1968 | 23.1 |
| 1969 | 22.9 |
| 1970 | 22.8 |
| 1971 | 22.9 |
| 1972 | 22.9 |
| 1973 | 23.1 |
| 1974 | 23.2 |
| 1975 | 23.3 |
| 1976 | 23.3 |
| 1977 | 23.2 |
| 1978 | 23.2 |
| 1979 | 23 |
| 1980 | 22.9 |
| 1981 | 23.2 |
| 1982 | 23.5 |
| 1983 | 23.8 |
| 1984 | 24.1 |
| 1985 | 24.3 |
| 1986 | 24.6 |
| 1987 | 24.9 |
| 1988 | 25.2 |
| 1989 | 25.5 |
| 1990 | 25.7 |
| 1991 | 25.8 |
| 1992 | 25.9 |
| 1993 | 26.1 |
| 1994 | 26.3 |
| 1995 | 26.5 |
| 1996 | 26.7 |
| 1997 | 26.9 |
| 1998 | 27.1 |
| 1999 | 27.4 |
| 2000 | 27.6 |
| 2001 | 27.8 |
| 2002 | 28 |
| 2003 | 28.2 |
| 2004 | 28.3 |
| 2005 | 28.4 |
| 2006 | 28.4 |
| 2007 | 28.5 |
| 2008 | 28.4 |
| 2009 | 28.5 |
| 2010 | 28.6 |
| 2011 | 28.7 |
| 2012 | 28.8 |
| 2013 | 28.9 |
| 2014 | 29.1 |
| 2015 | 29.3 |
| 2016 | 29.5 |
| 2017 | 29.7 |
| 2018 | 29.9 |
| 2019 | 30.1 |
| 2020 | 30.2 |
| 2021 | 30.3 |
| 2022 | 30.3 |
| 2023 | 30.4 |
| 2024 | 30.5 |
Kazakhstan vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Kazakhstan with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Kazakhstan: National Statistics
Finance
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$249B
2024 |
53/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
20.4%
2026 |
153/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.85%
2023 |
67/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
0.43%
2024 |
155/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
71,000
2020 |
61/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-3.41%
2026 |
122/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
4.86%
2022 |
110/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
57.9%
2024 |
88/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
32.1%
2024 |
48/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
63.8
2025 |
74/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
24.8%
2021 |
121/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
4.3%
2021 |
4/169 |
| Number of millionaires |
44,307
2024 |
32/34 |
| Percentage of millionaires |
0.34%
2024 |
27/34 |
| Number of billionaires |
6
2025 |
41/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.00005%
2025 |
46/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
79
2024 |
57/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$62.8B
2024 |
45/100 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$45.8B
2024 |
43/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$241M
2024 |
134/180 |
| International tourist arrivals |
2,035,000
2020 |
60/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
1.2%
2020 |
163/184 |
| Banked people share |
87%
2024 |
45/158 |
Energy
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
3,651 kg
2023 |
24/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$10.6
2023 |
125/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
258.8 megatons
2024 |
26/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
12.6 tons
2024 |
14/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
0%
2023 |
84/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
2%
2021 |
169/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
1.68%
2023 |
109/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-119.1%
2023 |
124/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
5,146 kWh
2023 |
36/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
11%
2021 |
139/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
7.76%
2023 |
106/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
106/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
49/195 |
Society
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.25%
2024 |
64/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-7,368
2024 |
128/196 |
| Urban population |
62.1%
2024 |
104/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.76 ft
2025 |
61/190 |
| Average female height |
5.31 ft
2025 |
75/190 |
| Quality of life index |
52.6
2026 |
81/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
40
2024 |
103/197 |
| Higher education index |
46
2026 |
100/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
2.63
2022 |
99/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
12.7
2019 |
111/197 |
| Visa free countries |
95
2025 |
107/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.8%
2020 |
19/196 |
| English speaking |
15.4%
2023 |
119/197 |
| People using the Internet |
93.4%
2024 |
36/195 |
Health
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$421
2022 |
96/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$130
2022 |
87/191 |
| Life expectancy |
74.8 years
2026 |
99/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.24%
2022 |
124/178 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
4.03
2020 |
25/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
29.5 years
2021 |
26/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
10
2023 |
149/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
9.6
2023 |
125/192 |
| Obesity rate |
19%
2022 |
114/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
6.8%
2024 |
140/195 |
| Air quality index |
22
2026 |
155/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
22.2%
2022 |
65/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
4.52 liters
2020 |
91/186 |
Territory
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
1.81%
2026 |
9/197 |
| Land area per capita |
50,618 sq mi
2024 |
11/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
827,284 sq mi
2026 |
6/194 |
| Forest area |
13,677 sq mi
2026 |
83/196 |
| Roads length |
59,284 mi
2017 |
57/175 |
Compare Kazakhstan with other countries
Relevant pages:
Kazakhstan topic pages:
Facts comparisons
