Kazakhstan is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 20.6M people. The capital is Nur-Sultan, while the largest city is Almaty, with 2.23M residents. Kazakhstan shares land borders with Russia, Uzbekistan, China, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.
Kazakhstan ranks 48/197 by GDP ($291B) and 71/197 by GDP per capita ($14,155). The top export category is raw materials & minerals, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
21161809
|
65/197 |
| GDP |
$291B
2024 |
48/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$14,155
2024 |
71/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$40,891
2024 |
58/197 |
| Government debt |
$71.1B
2024 |
64/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
24.4%
2024 |
167/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$3,450
2024 |
95/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$7,486
2026 |
88/197 |
| Land area | 1,042,360 sq mi | 9/197 |
| Population density | 20.2 ppl/mi² | 187/197 |
| Fertility rate | 3.01 | 57/196 |
| Median age | 30.5 years | 99/196 |
| Life expectancy | 74.8 years | 99/197 |
Kazakhstan trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $291,480,274,649 |
| 2023 | $261,840,101,060 |
| 2022 | $225,496,328,925 |
| 2021 | $197,112,255,361 |
| 2020 | $171,082,365,861 |
| 2019 | $181,667,184,855 |
| 2018 | $179,339,977,690 |
| 2017 | $166,805,788,827 |
| 2016 | $137,278,320,084 |
| 2015 | $184,388,404,706 |
| 2014 | $221,415,613,595 |
| 2013 | $236,634,603,409 |
| 2012 | $207,998,568,866 |
| 2011 | $192,626,464,617 |
| 2010 | $148,047,348,241 |
| 2009 | $115,308,686,941 |
| 2008 | $133,441,648,852 |
| 2007 | $104,849,915,058 |
| 2006 | $81,003,864,630 |
| 2005 | $57,123,671,734 |
| 2004 | $43,151,647,003 |
| 2003 | $30,833,692,900 |
| 2002 | $24,636,598,527 |
| 2001 | $22,152,689,180 |
| 2000 | $18,291,990,662 |
| 1999 | $16,870,817,182 |
| 1998 | $22,135,245,507 |
| 1997 | $22,165,932,063 |
| 1996 | $21,035,357,937 |
| 1995 | $20,374,302,652 |
| 1994 | $21,250,792,886 |
| 1993 | $23,409,260,880 |
| 1992 | $24,917,355,372 |
| 1991 | $24,923,076,923 |
| 1990 | $26,932,016,270 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/kazakhstan | CC BY 
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $14,155 |
| 2023 | $12,879 |
| 2022 | $11,255 |
| 2021 | $9,984 |
| 2020 | $8,782 |
| 2019 | $9,457 |
| 2018 | $9,472 |
| 2017 | $8,943 |
| 2016 | $7,476 |
| 2015 | $10,196 |
| 2014 | $12,428 |
| 2013 | $13,478 |
| 2012 | $12,019 |
| 2011 | $11,287 |
| 2010 | $8,793 |
| 2009 | $6,938 |
| 2008 | $8,124 |
| 2007 | $6,449 |
| 2006 | $5,030 |
| 2005 | $3,577 |
| 2004 | $2,722 |
| 2003 | $1,958 |
| 2002 | $1,574 |
| 2001 | $1,422 |
| 2000 | $1,180 |
| 1999 | $1,092 |
| 1998 | $1,415 |
| 1997 | $1,382 |
| 1996 | $1,281 |
| 1995 | $1,218 |
| 1994 | $1,247 |
| 1993 | $1,355 |
| 1992 | $1,438 |
| 1991 | $1,442 |
| 1990 | $1,570 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/kazakhstan | CC BY
Kazakhstan's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 74.8 |
| 2025 | 74.7 |
| 2024 | 74.5 |
| 2023 | 74.4 |
| 2022 | 73.5 |
| 2021 | 70.1 |
| 2020 | 71.2 |
| 2019 | 73.7 |
| 2018 | 73.4 |
| 2017 | 73 |
| 2016 | 72.5 |
| 2015 | 72 |
| 2014 | 71.4 |
| 2013 | 70.7 |
| 2012 | 69.9 |
| 2011 | 69.1 |
| 2010 | 68.3 |
| 2009 | 67.5 |
| 2008 | 66.8 |
| 2007 | 66.2 |
| 2006 | 65.7 |
| 2005 | 65.4 |
| 2004 | 65 |
| 2003 | 64.8 |
| 2002 | 64.4 |
| 2001 | 64.1 |
| 2000 | 63.8 |
| 1999 | 63.5 |
| 1998 | 63.3 |
| 1997 | 63.3 |
| 1996 | 63.5 |
| 1995 | 63.7 |
| 1994 | 64.1 |
| 1993 | 64.5 |
| 1992 | 65 |
| 1991 | 65.4 |
| 1990 | 65.7 |
| 1989 | 65.9 |
| 1988 | 66 |
| 1987 | 66 |
| 1986 | 65.8 |
| 1985 | 65.4 |
| 1984 | 64.8 |
| 1983 | 64.2 |
| 1982 | 63.6 |
| 1981 | 63 |
| 1980 | 62.5 |
| 1979 | 62.1 |
| 1978 | 61.8 |
| 1977 | 61.5 |
| 1976 | 61.3 |
| 1975 | 61.1 |
| 1974 | 60.9 |
| 1973 | 60.7 |
| 1972 | 60.5 |
| 1971 | 60.3 |
| 1970 | 60 |
| 1969 | 59.8 |
| 1968 | 59.6 |
| 1967 | 59.4 |
| 1966 | 59.2 |
| 1965 | 59 |
| 1964 | 58.8 |
| 1963 | 58.6 |
| 1962 | 58.4 |
| 1961 | 58.2 |
| 1960 | 57.9 |
| 1959 | 57.7 |
| 1958 | 57.5 |
| 1957 | 57.3 |
| 1956 | 57.1 |
| 1955 | 56.8 |
| 1954 | 56.6 |
| 1953 | 56.4 |
| 1952 | 56.1 |
| 1951 | 55.9 |
| 1950 | 55.6 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/kazakhstan | CC BY
Kazakhstan's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 20,592,571 |
| 2023 | 20,330,104 |
| 2022 | 20,034,609 |
| 2021 | 19,743,603 |
| 2020 | 19,482,117 |
| 2019 | 19,209,555 |
| 2018 | 18,932,727 |
| 2017 | 18,651,931 |
| 2016 | 18,363,600 |
| 2015 | 18,084,169 |
| 2014 | 17,816,285 |
| 2013 | 17,556,502 |
| 2012 | 17,306,106 |
| 2011 | 17,066,002 |
| 2010 | 16,836,810 |
| 2009 | 16,619,846 |
| 2008 | 16,426,525 |
| 2007 | 16,257,214 |
| 2006 | 16,103,716 |
| 2005 | 15,968,117 |
| 2004 | 15,850,159 |
| 2003 | 15,747,380 |
| 2002 | 15,656,677 |
| 2001 | 15,575,550 |
| 2000 | 15,501,103 |
| 1999 | 15,455,874 |
| 1998 | 15,647,785 |
| 1997 | 16,043,251 |
| 1996 | 16,416,027 |
| 1995 | 16,730,536 |
| 1994 | 17,043,771 |
| 1993 | 17,274,487 |
| 1992 | 17,332,625 |
| 1991 | 17,278,600 |
| 1990 | 17,154,054 |
| 1989 | 16,997,013 |
| 1988 | 16,781,168 |
| 1987 | 16,527,715 |
| 1986 | 16,262,702 |
| 1985 | 16,031,090 |
| 1984 | 15,844,621 |
| 1983 | 15,665,551 |
| 1982 | 15,492,595 |
| 1981 | 15,323,082 |
| 1980 | 15,152,949 |
| 1979 | 14,978,696 |
| 1978 | 14,711,497 |
| 1977 | 14,353,265 |
| 1976 | 13,998,738 |
| 1975 | 13,700,843 |
| 1974 | 13,454,570 |
| 1973 | 13,208,121 |
| 1972 | 12,951,798 |
| 1971 | 12,684,813 |
| 1970 | 12,419,057 |
| 1969 | 12,156,212 |
| 1968 | 11,879,182 |
| 1967 | 11,584,428 |
| 1966 | 11,288,989 |
| 1965 | 10,993,183 |
| 1964 | 10,690,309 |
| 1963 | 10,377,466 |
| 1962 | 10,058,928 |
| 1961 | 9,742,085 |
| 1960 | 9,429,981 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/kazakhstan | CC BY
Kazakhstan's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 3.01 |
| 2022 | 3.05 |
| 2021 | 3.32 |
| 2020 | 3.13 |
| 2019 | 2.89 |
| 2018 | 2.85 |
| 2017 | 2.75 |
| 2016 | 2.8 |
| 2015 | 2.76 |
| 2014 | 2.76 |
| 2013 | 2.67 |
| 2012 | 2.64 |
| 2011 | 2.61 |
| 2010 | 2.61 |
| 2009 | 2.58 |
| 2008 | 2.62 |
| 2007 | 2.49 |
| 2006 | 2.38 |
| 2005 | 2.27 |
| 2004 | 2.2 |
| 2003 | 2.08 |
| 2002 | 1.96 |
| 2001 | 1.91 |
| 2000 | 1.9 |
| 1999 | 1.9 |
| 1998 | 1.94 |
| 1997 | 1.97 |
| 1996 | 2.08 |
| 1995 | 2.25 |
| 1994 | 2.38 |
| 1993 | 2.48 |
| 1992 | 2.58 |
| 1991 | 2.68 |
| 1990 | 2.75 |
| 1989 | 2.87 |
| 1988 | 3 |
| 1987 | 3.12 |
| 1986 | 3.19 |
| 1985 | 3.21 |
| 1984 | 3.15 |
| 1983 | 3.07 |
| 1982 | 3.02 |
| 1981 | 3.05 |
| 1980 | 3.09 |
| 1979 | 3.14 |
| 1978 | 3.16 |
| 1977 | 3.26 |
| 1976 | 3.33 |
| 1975 | 3.4 |
| 1974 | 3.45 |
| 1973 | 3.51 |
| 1972 | 3.55 |
| 1971 | 3.53 |
| 1970 | 3.51 |
| 1969 | 3.51 |
| 1968 | 3.63 |
| 1967 | 3.77 |
| 1966 | 3.82 |
| 1965 | 3.88 |
| 1964 | 4.07 |
| 1963 | 4.26 |
| 1962 | 4.36 |
| 1961 | 4.42 |
| 1960 | 4.5 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/kazakhstan | CC BY
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 30.5 |
| 2023 | 30.4 |
| 2022 | 30.3 |
| 2021 | 30.3 |
| 2020 | 30.2 |
| 2019 | 30.1 |
| 2018 | 29.9 |
| 2017 | 29.7 |
| 2016 | 29.5 |
| 2015 | 29.3 |
| 2014 | 29.1 |
| 2013 | 28.9 |
| 2012 | 28.8 |
| 2011 | 28.7 |
| 2010 | 28.6 |
| 2009 | 28.5 |
| 2008 | 28.4 |
| 2007 | 28.5 |
| 2006 | 28.4 |
| 2005 | 28.4 |
| 2004 | 28.3 |
| 2003 | 28.2 |
| 2002 | 28 |
| 2001 | 27.8 |
| 2000 | 27.6 |
| 1999 | 27.4 |
| 1998 | 27.1 |
| 1997 | 26.9 |
| 1996 | 26.7 |
| 1995 | 26.5 |
| 1994 | 26.3 |
| 1993 | 26.1 |
| 1992 | 25.9 |
| 1991 | 25.8 |
| 1990 | 25.7 |
| 1989 | 25.5 |
| 1988 | 25.2 |
| 1987 | 24.9 |
| 1986 | 24.6 |
| 1985 | 24.3 |
| 1984 | 24.1 |
| 1983 | 23.8 |
| 1982 | 23.5 |
| 1981 | 23.2 |
| 1980 | 22.9 |
| 1979 | 23 |
| 1978 | 23.2 |
| 1977 | 23.2 |
| 1976 | 23.3 |
| 1975 | 23.3 |
| 1974 | 23.2 |
| 1973 | 23.1 |
| 1972 | 22.9 |
| 1971 | 22.9 |
| 1970 | 22.8 |
| 1969 | 22.9 |
| 1968 | 23.1 |
| 1967 | 23.2 |
| 1966 | 23.2 |
| 1965 | 23.2 |
| 1964 | 23.3 |
| 1963 | 23.3 |
| 1962 | 23.3 |
| 1961 | 23.2 |
| 1960 | 23.2 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/kazakhstan | CC BY
Kazakhstan vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Kazakhstan with other countries.
Kazakhstan: National Statistics
Finance
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$249B
2024 |
53/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
20.7%
2024 |
146/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.85%
2023 |
67/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
0.43%
2024 |
155/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
71,000
2020 |
61/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.6%
2024 |
67/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
4.86%
2022 |
111/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
57.9%
2024 |
88/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
32.1%
2024 |
48/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
64.2
2026 |
75/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
24.8%
2021 |
121/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
4.3%
2021 |
4/169 |
| Number of millionaires |
44,307
2025 |
33/35 |
| Percentage of millionaires |
0.34%
2025 |
28/35 |
| Number of billionaires |
6
2025 |
41/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.00005%
2025 |
46/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
79
2024 |
57/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$62.8B
2024 |
45/100 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$45.8B
2024 |
43/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$241M
2024 |
137/191 |
| International tourist arrivals |
2,035,000
2020 |
60/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
1.2%
2020 |
163/184 |
| Banked people share |
87%
2024 |
45/158 |
Energy
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
3,651 kg
2023 |
25/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$10.6
2023 |
128/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
258.8 megatons
2024 |
26/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
12.6 tons
2024 |
14/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
98.2%
2022 |
15/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
2%
2021 |
169/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
1.68%
2023 |
109/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-119.1%
2023 |
124/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
5,146 kWh
2023 |
37/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
11%
2021 |
139/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
7.76%
2023 |
106/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
106/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
49/195 |
Society
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.25%
2024 |
64/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-8,834
2025 |
130/196 |
| Urban population |
62.1%
2024 |
104/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
48.7:51.3
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.76 ft
2025 |
61/190 |
| Average female height |
5.31 ft
2025 |
75/190 |
| Quality of life index |
54.9
2026 |
81/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
38
2025 |
112/197 |
| Higher education index |
46
2026 |
101/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
2.63
2022 |
100/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
12.7
2019 |
111/197 |
| Visa free countries |
90
2025 |
109/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.8%
2020 |
19/196 |
| English speaking |
15.4%
2023 |
119/197 |
| People using the Internet |
93.4%
2024 |
36/195 |
Health
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$490
2023 |
93/192 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$135.4
2023 |
89/192 |
| Life expectancy |
74.8 years
2026 |
99/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.18%
2023 |
124/181 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.75
2023 |
37/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
29.5 years
2021 |
26/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
10
2023 |
149/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
9.6
2023 |
125/192 |
| Obesity rate |
19%
2022 |
114/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
6.8%
2024 |
140/195 |
| Air quality index |
23
2026 |
154/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
22.2%
2022 |
65/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
4.52 liters
2020 |
91/186 |
Territory
|
Kazakhstan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
1.81%
2026 |
9/197 |
| Land area per capita |
50,618 sq mi
2024 |
11/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
827,284 sq mi
2026 |
6/194 |
| Forest area |
13,677 sq mi
2026 |
83/196 |
| Roads length |
59,284 mi
2017 |
58/176 |
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- Wikidata (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2021, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
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