The current population of Estonia is 1,339,590 people, as of 2026 based on the adjusted UN estimation. The latest officially reported number was 1,372,341 in 2024.
- Estonia's population peaked in 1990 at 1.57M people and has been in decline since.
- Since 2006, population has decreased from 1.35M people to 1.34M (-0.54% decline in 20 years).
- Estonia is ranked 155/197 by population and was ranked 149th in 2006.
- For the last 20 years, Estonia has had an average decline rate of -0.03% per year.
- The UN estimates that Estonia's population is going to decline by -11.8% to 1.18M people by 2050.
- Estonia accounts for 0.02% of the world's population.
Estonia population and growth rate by year
| Year | Population | Growth rate |
|---|---|---|
| 2100 | 831,394 | -0.67% |
| 2099 | 836,965 | -0.65% |
| 2098 | 842,414 | -0.64% |
| 2097 | 847,873 | -0.66% |
| 2096 | 853,472 | -0.65% |
| 2095 | 859,044 | -0.64% |
| 2094 | 864,547 | -0.64% |
| 2093 | 870,136 | -0.63% |
| 2092 | 875,676 | -0.64% |
| 2091 | 881,282 | -0.65% |
| 2090 | 887,028 | -0.65% |
| 2089 | 892,857 | -0.65% |
| 2088 | 898,736 | -0.68% |
| 2087 | 904,914 | -0.7% |
| 2086 | 911,254 | -0.7% |
| 2085 | 917,722 | -0.73% |
| 2084 | 924,458 | -0.73% |
| 2083 | 931,259 | -0.73% |
| 2082 | 938,110 | -0.73% |
| 2081 | 944,978 | -0.74% |
| 2080 | 952,018 | -0.75% |
| 2079 | 959,194 | -0.76% |
| 2078 | 966,496 | -0.76% |
| 2077 | 973,883 | -0.75% |
| 2076 | 981,283 | -0.75% |
| 2075 | 988,735 | -0.76% |
| 2074 | 996,352 | -0.77% |
| 2073 | 1,004,078 | -0.77% |
| 2072 | 1,011,873 | -0.78% |
| 2071 | 1,019,779 | -0.78% |
| 2070 | 1,027,821 | -0.77% |
| 2069 | 1,035,828 | -0.77% |
| 2068 | 1,043,819 | -0.77% |
| 2067 | 1,051,892 | -0.76% |
| 2066 | 1,059,940 | -0.76% |
| 2065 | 1,068,064 | -0.76% |
| 2064 | 1,076,199 | -0.75% |
| 2063 | 1,084,303 | -0.74% |
| 2062 | 1,092,418 | -0.74% |
| 2061 | 1,100,514 | -0.73% |
| 2060 | 1,108,650 | -0.71% |
| 2059 | 1,116,534 | -0.7% |
| 2058 | 1,124,375 | -0.68% |
| 2057 | 1,132,033 | -0.66% |
| 2056 | 1,139,610 | -0.65% |
| 2055 | 1,147,117 | -0.62% |
| 2054 | 1,154,317 | -0.61% |
| 2053 | 1,161,452 | -0.59% |
| 2052 | 1,168,381 | -0.59% |
| 2051 | 1,175,291 | -0.57% |
| 2050 | 1,182,029 | -0.56% |
| 2049 | 1,188,633 | -0.53% |
| 2048 | 1,194,960 | -0.53% |
| 2047 | 1,201,294 | -0.52% |
| 2046 | 1,207,577 | -0.51% |
| 2045 | 1,213,815 | -0.51% |
| 2044 | 1,220,042 | -0.5% |
| 2043 | 1,226,162 | -0.5% |
| 2042 | 1,232,282 | -0.49% |
| 2041 | 1,238,386 | -0.49% |
| 2040 | 1,244,441 | -0.49% |
| 2039 | 1,250,581 | -0.49% |
| 2038 | 1,256,780 | -0.5% |
| 2037 | 1,263,149 | -0.52% |
| 2036 | 1,269,700 | -0.52% |
| 2035 | 1,276,331 | -0.53% |
| 2034 | 1,283,159 | -0.53% |
| 2033 | 1,290,037 | -0.54% |
| 2032 | 1,297,036 | -0.54% |
| 2031 | 1,304,102 | -0.54% |
| 2030 | 1,311,189 | -0.53% |
| 2029 | 1,318,225 | -0.54% |
| 2028 | 1,325,354 | -0.54% |
| 2027 | 1,332,492 | -0.53% |
| 2026 | 1,339,590 | -1.42% |
| 2025 | 1,358,931 | -0.98% |
| 2024 | 1,372,341 | 0.15% |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 | 1.59% |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 | 1.35% |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 | 0.11% |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 | 0.2% |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 | 0.37% |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 | 0.35% |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 | 0.12% |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 | 0.03% |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 | 0.07% |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 | -0.26% |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 | -0.36% |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 | -0.36% |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 | -0.3% |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 | -0.23% |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 | -0.19% |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 | -0.27% |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 | -0.46% |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 | -0.59% |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 | -0.57% |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 | -0.6% |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 | -0.63% |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 | -0.63% |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 | -0.63% |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 | 0.48% |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 | 0.29% |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 | -0.96% |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 | -1.13% |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 | -1.46% |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 | -1.77% |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 | -2.12% |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 | -2.54% |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 | -1.81% |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 | -0.5% |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 | 0.07% |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 | 0.4% |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 | 0.62% |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 | 0.78% |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 | 0.75% |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 | 0.67% |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 | 0.65% |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 | 0.69% |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 | 0.72% |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 | 0.71% |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 | 0.61% |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 | 0.56% |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 | 0.69% |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 | 0.74% |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 | 0.72% |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 | 0.79% |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 | 0.87% |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 | 0.96% |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 | 1.13% |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 | 1.24% |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 | 1.1% |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 | 1.05% |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 | 0.93% |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 | 0.79% |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 | 1.08% |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 | 1.37% |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 | 1.45% |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 | 1.39% |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 | 1.35% |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 | 1.12% |
| 1960 | 1,211,537 | - |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia | CC BY 
Estonia has a population of 1.34M as of 2026, compared to 1.32M in 2016, 1.35M in 2006, and 1.42M in 1996.
Over the past 10 years, the population has had a trend to increase by an average of 0.18% per year. Estonia is ranked 141st out of 197 countries by a 10-year average growth rate.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that with changing growth rate trends in 20 years (in 2046) Estonia will have 1,207,577 people (-9.85% decline) with a rank change from 155th to 159th.
By the year 2100, Estonia's population is projected to decline by 37.9% from its current level to 831K people.
Natural change and net migration by year
| Year | Population change | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Natural | Net migration | |
| 2025 | - | - | -13,350 |
| 2024 | - | - | -7,742 |
| 2023 | 647 | -5,070 | 5,717 |
| 2022 | 34,089 | -5,665 | 39,754 |
| 2021 | 1,719 | -5,324 | 7,043 |
| 2020 | 1,035 | -2,659 | 3,694 |
| 2019 | 4,059 | -1,327 | 5,386 |
| 2018 | 5,767 | -1,322 | 7,089 |
| 2017 | 3,489 | -1,713 | 5,202 |
| 2016 | -235 | -1,316 | 1,081 |
| 2015 | 2,946 | -1,315 | 4,261 |
| 2014 | -2,646 | -1,972 | -674 |
| 2013 | -4,401 | -1,713 | -2,688 |
| 2012 | -5,129 | -1,455 | -3,674 |
| 2011 | -4,472 | -531 | -3,941 |
| 2010 | -3,781 | 0 | -3,781 |
| 2009 | -2,489 | -400 | -2,089 |
| 2008 | -2,702 | -668 | -2,034 |
| 2007 | -4,549 | -1,608 | -2,941 |
| 2006 | -7,910 | -2,559 | -5,351 |
| 2005 | -8,189 | -2,981 | -5,208 |
| 2004 | -7,360 | -3,679 | -3,681 |
| 2003 | -8,777 | -5,072 | -3,705 |
| 2002 | -8,269 | -5,380 | -2,889 |
| 2001 | -9,110 | -5,830 | -3,280 |
| 2000 | -8,392 | -5,309 | -3,083 |
| 1999 | -4,698 | -6,117 | 1,419 |
| 1998 | -10,504 | -7,208 | -3,296 |
| 1997 | -10,084 | -6,018 | -4,066 |
| 1996 | -16,202 | -5,662 | -10,540 |
| 1995 | -19,982 | -7,327 | -12,655 |
| 1994 | -26,028 | -8,044 | -17,984 |
| 1993 | -31,477 | -5,976 | -25,501 |
| 1992 | -40,384 | -1,993 | -38,391 |
| 1991 | -10,024 | -312 | -9,712 |
| 1990 | 165 | 2,825 | -2,660 |
| 1989 | 5,435 | 5,803 | -368 |
| 1988 | 11,660 | 6,404 | 5,256 |
| 1987 | 12,218 | 6,829 | 5,389 |
| 1986 | 11,420 | 6,160 | 5,260 |
| 1985 | 9,378 | 4,281 | 5,097 |
| 1984 | 10,169 | 5,163 | 5,006 |
| 1983 | 10,870 | 5,884 | 4,986 |
| 1982 | 10,076 | 5,244 | 4,832 |
| 1981 | 9,401 | 4,612 | 4,789 |
| 1980 | 8,608 | 3,989 | 4,619 |
| 1979 | 8,339 | 3,818 | 4,521 |
| 1978 | 11,322 | 4,088 | 7,234 |
| 1977 | 12,120 | 4,931 | 7,189 |
| 1976 | 11,261 | 4,319 | 6,942 |
| 1975 | 11,454 | 4,717 | 6,737 |
| 1974 | 12,550 | 5,956 | 6,594 |
| 1973 | 12,111 | 5,623 | 6,488 |
| 1972 | 12,699 | 6,267 | 6,432 |
| 1971 | 13,552 | 7,160 | 6,392 |
| 1970 | 12,415 | 6,257 | 6,158 |
| 1969 | 14,165 | 5,515 | 8,650 |
| 1968 | 14,995 | 5,592 | 9,403 |
| 1967 | 14,127 | 5,012 | 9,115 |
| 1966 | 13,840 | 4,842 | 8,998 |
| 1965 | 14,288 | 5,437 | 8,851 |
| 1964 | 15,631 | 6,897 | 8,734 |
| 1963 | 14,453 | 6,043 | 8,410 |
| 1962 | 14,705 | 6,457 | 8,248 |
| 1961 | 15,219 | 7,228 | 7,991 |
| 1960 | 15,273 | 7,511 | 7,762 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 26.1% of the population change in Estonia is from natural causes (a loss of 27,683 people) and 73.9% is from migration (a gain of 78,553 people).
As of 2024, 203,046 residents or 14.9% of the population were not native-born in Estonia, compared to 217,890 and 16.4% in 2010.
Estonia population clock
Estonia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1339590
|
155/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 155/197 |
| One net population change |
4.26 hours
|
144/197 |
| One birth every |
47.9 minutes
|
162/196 |
| One death every |
32.8 minutes
|
143/196 |
| Daily growth/decline | +6 | 144/197 |
| Annual growth/decline | +2,055 | 144/197 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.15% | 158/197 |
| One migration net change every |
39.5 minutes
|
141/196 |
| Annual migration change | -13,350 | 141/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 203,046 | 110/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 14.9% | 43/195 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Estonia population statistics
|
Estonia
|
World
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 79.6 years | 73.8 years |
| Average age | 43.1 years | 33.8 years |
| Median age | 43.3 years | 31.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 47.5:52.5 | 50.3:49.7 |
| Fertility rate | 1.31 births per woman | 2.2 births per woman |
| Population density | 81.2 ppl/mi² | 144 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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