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Estonia vs Slovakia statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 5.42M in Slovakia (ranked 119/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 18,564 sq mi for Slovakia (ranked 129th vs. 128th).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 100/197 ($43.1B) and Slovakia ranks 61/197 ($141B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,428), while Slovakia ranks 47/197 ($25,993).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia Slovakia
Population
1339590
5359438
Population rank 155/197 125/197
GDP
$43.1B
2024
$141B
2024
GDP rank 100/197 61/197
GDP per capita
$31,428
2024
$25,993
2024
GDP per capita rank 40/197 47/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,969
2024
$48,132
2024
Government debt
$10.1B
2024
$80.7B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
23.4%
2024
57.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$7,356
2024
$14,876
2024
Government debt per person rank 65/185 40/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,740
2026
$17,983
2026
Land area 16,498 sq mi 18,564 sq mi
Population density
81.2 ppl/mi²
2026
288.7 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
1.31
2023
1.49
2023
Median age
43.3 years
2024
42.7 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
78.8 years
2026

Estonia and Slovakia: Comparison Charts

Estonia and Slovakia economies compared

GDP
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year GDP
Estonia Slovakia
2024 $43,130,419,829 $140,934,076,532
2023 $41,470,344,395 $133,578,518,424
2022 $38,226,641,740 $115,792,972,358
2021 $37,201,101,171 $120,511,265,913
2020 $31,820,771,494 $107,732,602,896
2019 $31,873,748,770 $105,843,498,304
2018 $31,222,632,741 $106,611,673,365
2017 $27,469,461,919 $95,978,130,735
2016 $24,561,027,788 $90,347,173,229
2015 $23,311,847,751 $89,178,548,717
2014 $27,055,689,003 $101,713,075,599
2013 $25,451,032,781 $99,134,277,850
2012 $23,237,406,116 $94,724,394,278
2011 $23,303,915,795 $99,705,104,723
2010 $19,524,355,419 $91,112,160,801
2009 $19,633,984,440 $89,342,984,698
2008 $24,342,935,404 $100,830,060,553
2007 $22,450,264,166 $86,587,749,518
2006 $17,025,671,810 $70,751,813,443
2005 $14,109,491,357 $62,547,753,148
2004 $12,148,595,031 $57,215,475,076
2003 $9,876,595,528 $46,616,149,117
2002 $7,370,119,619 $35,243,658,399
2001 $6,250,218,423 $30,726,659,551
2000 $5,686,579,748 $29,215,726,005
1999 $5,756,912,266 $30,496,272,225
1998 $5,674,080,543 $29,976,207,629
1997 $5,154,420,649 $27,844,628,979
1996 $4,786,018,988 $28,197,790,875
1995 $4,502,970,889 $26,180,022,222
1994 $4,123,011,420 $20,428,139,756
1993 $4,013,091,682 $16,737,973,764
1992 - $15,699,327,209
1991 - $14,459,924,589
1990 - $12,915,046,978

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia and Slovakia economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year GDP per capita
Estonia Slovakia
2024 $31,428 $25,993
2023 $30,264 $24,615
2022 $28,340 $21,318
2021 $27,951 $22,123
2020 $23,934 $19,735
2019 $24,021 $19,406
2018 $23,618 $19,573
2017 $20,852 $17,646
2016 $18,666 $16,636
2015 $17,722 $16,442
2014 $20,582 $18,771
2013 $19,310 $18,313
2012 $17,568 $17,517
2011 $17,556 $18,469
2010 $14,664 $16,899
2009 $14,712 $16,587
2008 $18,206 $18,744
2007 $16,745 $16,110
2006 $12,641 $13,168
2005 $10,415 $11,642
2004 $8,916 $10,650
2003 $7,205 $8,675
2002 $5,343 $6,555
2001 $4,503 $5,712
2000 $4,071 $5,422
1999 $4,141 $5,652
1998 $4,093 $5,561
1997 $3,683 $5,172
1996 $3,381 $5,248
1995 $3,134 $4,883
1994 $2,819 $3,821
1993 $2,686 $3,143
1992 - $2,959
1991 - $2,727
1990 - $2,437

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia vs. Slovakia life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia Slovakia
2026 79.6 78.8
2025 79.5 78.7
2024 79.3 78.5
2023 79.2 78.3
2022 78.2 77
2021 77.4 74.6
2020 78.9 76.9
2019 78.8 77.7
2018 78.3 77.3
2017 78.2 77.2
2016 77.8 77.2
2015 77.7 76.7
2014 77.1 76.8
2013 77.3 76.5
2012 76.4 76.2
2011 76.3 76
2010 75.9 75.5
2009 75.2 75.2
2008 74.3 74.9
2007 73.2 74.5
2006 73.2 74.4
2005 73 74.2
2004 72.4 74.2
2003 71.9 73.8
2002 71.4 73.8
2001 70.8 73.6
2000 71 73.1
1999 70.7 73
1998 69.8 72.6
1997 70.2 72.7
1996 70 72.7
1995 67.8 72.3
1994 66.7 72.3
1993 68.2 71.9
1992 69.2 71.4
1991 69.8 70.9
1990 69.9 70.8
1989 70.5 70.9
1988 71 71.1
1987 70.9 71.1
1986 70.9 70.9
1985 69.8 70.7
1984 69.6 70.7
1983 69.8 70.5
1982 69.9 70.8
1981 69.3 70.6
1980 69.5 70.4
1979 69.4 70.7
1978 69.7 70.4
1977 69.8 70.4
1976 69.7 70.5
1975 70.1 70.3
1974 70.8 70.2
1973 70.7 70
1972 70.4 70.3
1971 70.6 69.9
1970 70.4 69.7
1969 70.3 69.8
1968 70.6 70.5
1967 71 71
1966 70.7 70.4
1965 70.7 70.3
1964 70.6 71.1
1963 69.9 70.7
1962 69.8 70.3
1961 69.6 70.8
1960 69.3 70.3
1959 68.7 69
1958 68.8 69.4
1957 68.8 67.5
1956 68.5 68.4
1955 68.2 67.8
1954 67.8 66.7
1953 67.5 65.7
1952 67.2 64.3
1951 66.8 61.1
1950 66.4 60.8

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia and Slovakia population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Population
Estonia Slovakia
2024 1,372,341 5,422,069
2023 1,370,286 5,426,740
2022 1,348,840 5,431,752
2021 1,330,932 5,447,247
2020 1,329,522 5,458,827
2019 1,326,898 5,454,147
2018 1,321,977 5,446,771
2017 1,317,384 5,439,232
2016 1,315,790 5,430,798
2015 1,315,407 5,423,801
2014 1,314,545 5,418,649
2013 1,317,997 5,413,393
2012 1,322,696 5,407,579
2011 1,327,439 5,398,384
2010 1,331,475 5,391,428
2009 1,334,515 5,386,406
2008 1,337,090 5,379,233
2007 1,340,680 5,374,622
2006 1,346,810 5,373,054
2005 1,354,775 5,372,807
2004 1,362,550 5,372,280
2003 1,370,720 5,373,374
2002 1,379,350 5,376,912
2001 1,388,115 5,378,867
2000 1,396,985 5,388,720
1999 1,390,244 5,396,020
1998 1,386,156 5,390,516
1997 1,399,535 5,383,291
1996 1,415,594 5,373,361
1995 1,436,634 5,361,999
1994 1,462,514 5,346,331
1993 1,494,128 5,325,305
1992 1,533,091 5,305,016
1991 1,561,314 5,303,294
1990 1,569,174 5,299,187
1989 1,568,131 5,275,942
1988 1,561,900 5,250,596
1987 1,552,221 5,222,840
1986 1,540,190 5,193,838
1985 1,528,781 5,161,768
1984 1,518,617 5,127,097
1983 1,508,745 5,091,971
1982 1,498,414 5,055,099
1981 1,487,666 5,016,105
1980 1,477,219 4,979,815
1979 1,468,333 4,938,973
1978 1,460,188 4,890,125
1977 1,450,211 4,840,501
1976 1,439,576 4,789,507
1975 1,429,352 4,739,105
1974 1,418,169 4,689,623
1973 1,405,951 4,641,445
1972 1,392,518 4,596,622
1971 1,376,955 4,557,449
1970 1,360,076 4,538,223
1969 1,345,249 4,518,607
1968 1,331,214 4,483,915
1967 1,318,946 4,449,367
1966 1,308,597 4,411,666
1965 1,294,566 4,370,983
1964 1,277,086 4,327,341
1963 1,258,857 4,282,017
1962 1,241,623 4,238,188
1961 1,225,077 4,191,667
1960 1,211,537 4,068,095

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Fertility rates in Estonia and Slovakia

Fertility rate
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Fertility rate
Estonia Slovakia
2023 1.31 1.49
2022 1.41 1.57
2021 1.61 1.63
2020 1.58 1.59
2019 1.66 1.57
2018 1.67 1.54
2017 1.59 1.52
2016 1.6 1.48
2015 1.58 1.4
2014 1.54 1.37
2013 1.52 1.34
2012 1.56 1.34
2011 1.61 1.45
2010 1.72 1.43
2009 1.7 1.44
2008 1.72 1.34
2007 1.69 1.27
2006 1.58 1.25
2005 1.52 1.27
2004 1.47 1.25
2003 1.37 1.2
2002 1.36 1.19
2001 1.32 1.2
2000 1.36 1.3
1999 1.3 1.33
1998 1.28 1.37
1997 1.32 1.43
1996 1.37 1.47
1995 1.38 1.52
1994 1.42 1.67
1993 1.49 1.87
1992 1.71 1.93
1991 1.8 2.05
1990 2.05 2.09
1989 2.22 2.07
1988 2.27 2.13
1987 2.27 2.14
1986 2.18 2.2
1985 2.13 2.26
1984 2.17 2.26
1983 2.16 2.28
1982 2.07 2.28
1981 2.07 2.29
1980 2.02 2.32
1979 2 2.45
1978 2.02 2.47
1977 2.06 2.49
1976 2.07 2.55
1975 2.04 2.55
1974 2.07 2.61
1973 2.06 2.56
1972 2.13 2.49
1971 2.19 2.43
1970 2.17 2.41
1969 2.13 2.43
1968 2.03 2.39
1967 1.9 2.48
1966 1.87 2.66
1965 1.88 2.78
1964 1.94 2.89
1963 1.89 2.92
1962 1.95 2.83
1961 1.98 2.96
1960 1.98 3.04

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia and Slovakia demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Median age, years
Estonia Slovakia
2024 43.3 42.7
2023 42.9 42.3
2022 42.7 41.9
2021 42.5 41.5
2020 42.4 41.2
2019 42.2 40.8
2018 42 40.4
2017 41.9 40
2016 41.7 39.6
2015 41.5 39.2
2014 41.4 38.8
2013 41.1 38.4
2012 40.9 38
2011 40.6 37.6
2010 40.3 37.3
2009 40 36.9
2008 39.8 36.6
2007 39.7 36.2
2006 39.6 35.8
2005 39.3 35.5
2004 39.1 35.2
2003 38.8 34.9
2002 38.5 34.6
2001 38.3 34.3
2000 38 33.9
1999 37.6 33.6
1998 37.3 33.3
1997 37 33
1996 36.7 32.7
1995 36.3 32.5
1994 36 32.2
1993 35.6 31.9
1992 35 31.7
1991 34.6 31.5
1990 34.3 31.3
1989 34.2 31.1
1988 34.1 30.8
1987 34 30.6
1986 34 30.3
1985 33.9 30.1
1984 33.9 29.8
1983 33.9 29.6
1982 33.8 29.4
1981 33.8 29.1
1980 33.9 28.9
1979 34 28.8
1978 34.2 28.6
1977 34.3 28.5
1976 34.3 28.4
1975 34.2 28.4
1974 34.2 28.4
1973 34.1 28.4
1972 33.9 28.3
1971 33.8 28.3
1970 33.7 28.3
1969 33.7 28.3
1968 33.6 28.2
1967 33.4 28.1
1966 33.2 28
1965 33 28
1964 32.8 27.9
1963 32.7 27.9
1962 32.5 27.8
1961 32.4 27.7
1960 32.2 27.6

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia Slovakia
GNI, Atlas method
$39.6B
2024
$128B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2024
47.1%
2024
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
4.66%
2022
Military expenditure, % of GDP
3.37%
2024
2.01%
2024
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
18,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-1.51%
2024
-5.27%
2024
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2024
5.34%
2024
Services, % of GDP
65.7%
2024
60%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2024
28.9%
2024
Economic freedom index
78.7
2026
67.7
2026
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
18.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
3.3%
2023
Number of billionaires
2
2025
2
2025
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
0.00005%
2025
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
67
2013
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.38B
2014
Total reserves including gold
$2.07B
2024
$14.5B
2024
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$2.95B
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
15,299,000
2018
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
1.43%
2020
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
92.2%
2024

Energy

Estonia Slovakia
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,089 kg
2023
3,055 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$15.7
2023
$15.1
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
10.6 megatons
2024
29.9 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.76 tons
2024
5.51 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
59.5%
2023
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
17.9%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
2.9%
2023
31.9%
2023
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
57.9%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,722 kWh
2023
4,674 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
23.6%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.42%
2023
16.8%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
61.3%
2023
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia Slovakia
% of world population
0.02%
2024
0.07%
2024
Annual migration change
-13,350
2025
-31,377
2025
Urban population
70.7%
2024
53.2%
2024
Male:Female ratio
47.5:52.5
2024
48.8:51.2
2024
Average male height
6 ft
2025
5.94 ft
2025
Average female height
5.53 ft
2025
5.48 ft
2025
Quality of life index
83.6
2026
73
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2025
48
2025
Higher education index
81
2026
75
2026
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
1.12
2023
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
6.1
2019
Visa free countries
171
2025
171
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
99.6%
2004
English speaking
50.2%
2023
25.9%
2023
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
89.8%
2024

Health

Estonia Slovakia
Government health expenditure per capita
$2,438
2024
$1,813
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$521
2024
$365
2023
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
78.8 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.009%
2023
n/a
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.47
2022
3.7
2022
Age at first childbirth
28.7 years
2023
27.3 years
2023
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
4
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
2.1
2023
6.1
2023
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
27.6%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
7.1%
2024
Air quality index
95
2026
57
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
28.3%
2022
32.4%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
10.7 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia Slovakia
% of world land
0.03%
2026
0.03%
2026
Land area per capita
12,022 sq mi
2024
3,424 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2026
7,046 sq mi
2026
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2026
7,436 sq mi
2026
Roads length n/a
24,224 mi
2018

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  8. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  10. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
  11. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  12. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)

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