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Estonia vs Slovakia statistics compared

Updated on by Georank

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 155/197), compared with 5.41M in Slovakia (ranked 122/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 18,564 sq mi for Slovakia (ranked 129th vs. 128th).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 101/197 ($47B) and Slovakia ranks 60/197 ($155B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 37/197 ($34,418), while Slovakia ranks 46/197 ($28,544).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia Slovakia
Population
1347027
5376239
Population rank 155/197 125/197
GDP
$47B
2025
$155B
2025
GDP rank 101/197 60/197
GDP per capita
$34,418
2025
$28,544
2025
GDP per capita rank 37/197 46/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,969
2024
$48,132
2024
Government debt
$11.4B
2025
$95.3B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
24.2%
2025
61.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,325
2025
$17,597
2025
Government debt per person rank 67/185 36/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,647
2026
$17,518
2026
Land area 16,498 sq mi 18,564 sq mi
Population density
81.6 ppl/mi²
2026
289.6 ppl/mi²
2026
Fertility rate
1.18
2024
1.46
2024
Median age
43.8 years
2025
43.3 years
2025
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
78.8 years
2026

Estonia and Slovakia: Comparison Charts

Estonia and Slovakia economies compared

GDP
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year GDP
Estonia Slovakia
2025 $47,030,833,799 $154,530,066,507
2024 $43,130,419,829 $140,934,076,532
2023 $41,470,344,395 $133,578,518,424
2022 $38,226,641,740 $115,792,972,358
2021 $37,201,101,171 $120,511,265,913
2020 $31,820,771,494 $107,732,602,896
2019 $31,873,748,770 $105,843,498,304
2018 $31,222,632,741 $106,611,673,365
2017 $27,469,461,919 $95,978,130,735
2016 $24,561,027,788 $90,347,173,229
2015 $23,311,847,751 $89,178,548,717
2014 $27,055,689,003 $101,713,075,599
2013 $25,451,032,781 $99,134,277,850
2012 $23,237,406,116 $94,724,394,278
2011 $23,303,915,795 $99,705,104,723
2010 $19,524,355,419 $91,112,160,801
2009 $19,633,984,440 $89,342,984,698
2008 $24,342,935,404 $96,685,492,864
2007 $22,450,264,166 $77,019,443,089
2006 $17,025,671,810 $57,111,148,619
2005 $14,109,491,357 $48,823,790,951
2004 $12,148,595,031 $42,960,730,480
2003 $9,876,595,528 $33,761,723,946
2002 $7,370,119,619 $24,768,142,566
2001 $6,250,218,423 $21,377,597,035
2000 $5,686,579,748 $20,626,538,612
1999 $5,756,912,266 $20,813,421,086
1998 $5,674,080,543 $22,911,708,405
1997 $5,154,420,649 $22,026,728,498
1996 $4,786,018,988 $21,864,845,214
1995 $4,502,970,889 $20,306,095,054
1994 $4,123,011,420 $16,187,735,322
1993 $4,013,091,682 $13,991,963,247
1992 - $12,932,972,789
1991 - $11,952,983,608
1990 - $17,068,924,602

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia and Slovakia economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year GDP per capita
Estonia Slovakia
2025 $34,418 $28,544
2024 $31,428 $25,993
2023 $30,264 $24,615
2022 $28,340 $21,318
2021 $27,951 $22,123
2020 $23,934 $19,735
2019 $24,021 $19,406
2018 $23,618 $19,573
2017 $20,852 $17,646
2016 $18,666 $16,636
2015 $17,722 $16,442
2014 $20,582 $18,771
2013 $19,310 $18,313
2012 $17,568 $17,517
2011 $17,556 $18,469
2010 $14,664 $16,899
2009 $14,712 $16,587
2008 $18,206 $17,974
2007 $16,745 $14,330
2006 $12,641 $10,629
2005 $10,415 $9,087
2004 $8,916 $7,997
2003 $7,205 $6,283
2002 $5,343 $4,606
2001 $4,503 $3,974
2000 $4,071 $3,828
1999 $4,141 $3,857
1998 $4,093 $4,250
1997 $3,683 $4,092
1996 $3,381 $4,069
1995 $3,134 $3,787
1994 $2,819 $3,028
1993 $2,686 $2,627
1992 - $2,438
1991 - $2,254
1990 - $3,221

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia vs. Slovakia life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia Slovakia
2026 79.6 78.8
2025 79.5 78.7
2024 79.3 78.5
2023 79.2 78.3
2022 78.2 77
2021 77.4 74.6
2020 78.9 76.9
2019 78.8 77.7
2018 78.3 77.3
2017 78.2 77.2
2016 77.8 77.2
2015 77.7 76.7
2014 77.1 76.8
2013 77.3 76.5
2012 76.4 76.2
2011 76.3 76
2010 75.9 75.5
2009 75.2 75.2
2008 74.3 74.9
2007 73.2 74.5
2006 73.2 74.4
2005 73 74.2
2004 72.4 74.2
2003 71.9 73.8
2002 71.4 73.8
2001 70.8 73.6
2000 71 73.1
1999 70.7 73
1998 69.8 72.6
1997 70.2 72.7
1996 70 72.7
1995 67.8 72.3
1994 66.7 72.3
1993 68.2 71.9
1992 69.2 71.4
1991 69.8 70.9
1990 69.9 70.8
1989 70.5 70.9
1988 71 71.1
1987 70.9 71.1
1986 70.9 70.9
1985 69.8 70.7
1984 69.6 70.7
1983 69.8 70.5
1982 69.9 70.8
1981 69.3 70.6
1980 69.5 70.4
1979 69.4 70.7
1978 69.7 70.4
1977 69.8 70.4
1976 69.7 70.5
1975 70.1 70.3
1974 70.8 70.2
1973 70.7 70
1972 70.4 70.3
1971 70.6 69.9
1970 70.4 69.7
1969 70.3 69.8
1968 70.6 70.5
1967 71 71
1966 70.7 70.4
1965 70.7 70.3
1964 70.6 71.1
1963 69.9 70.7
1962 69.8 70.3
1961 69.6 70.8
1960 69.3 70.3
1959 68.7 69
1958 68.8 69.4
1957 68.8 67.5
1956 68.5 68.4
1955 68.2 67.8
1954 67.8 66.7
1953 67.5 65.7
1952 67.2 64.3
1951 66.8 61.1
1950 66.4 60.8

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia and Slovakia population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Population
Estonia Slovakia
2025 1,366,475 5,413,813
2024 1,372,341 5,422,069
2023 1,370,286 5,426,740
2022 1,348,840 5,431,752
2021 1,330,932 5,447,247
2020 1,329,522 5,458,827
2019 1,326,898 5,454,147
2018 1,321,977 5,446,771
2017 1,317,384 5,439,232
2016 1,315,790 5,430,798
2015 1,315,407 5,423,801
2014 1,314,545 5,418,649
2013 1,317,997 5,413,393
2012 1,322,696 5,407,579
2011 1,327,439 5,398,384
2010 1,331,475 5,391,428
2009 1,334,515 5,386,406
2008 1,337,090 5,379,233
2007 1,340,680 5,374,622
2006 1,346,810 5,373,054
2005 1,354,775 5,372,807
2004 1,362,550 5,372,280
2003 1,370,720 5,373,374
2002 1,379,350 5,376,912
2001 1,388,115 5,378,867
2000 1,396,985 5,388,720
1999 1,390,244 5,396,020
1998 1,386,156 5,390,516
1997 1,399,535 5,383,291
1996 1,415,594 5,373,361
1995 1,436,634 5,361,999
1994 1,462,514 5,346,331
1993 1,494,128 5,325,305
1992 1,533,091 5,305,016
1991 1,561,314 5,303,294
1990 1,569,174 5,299,187
1989 1,568,131 5,275,942
1988 1,561,900 5,250,596
1987 1,552,221 5,222,840
1986 1,540,190 5,193,838
1985 1,528,781 5,161,768
1984 1,518,617 5,127,097
1983 1,508,745 5,091,971
1982 1,498,414 5,055,099
1981 1,487,666 5,016,105
1980 1,477,219 4,979,815
1979 1,468,333 4,938,973
1978 1,460,188 4,890,125
1977 1,450,211 4,840,501
1976 1,439,576 4,789,507
1975 1,429,352 4,739,105
1974 1,418,169 4,689,623
1973 1,405,951 4,641,445
1972 1,392,518 4,596,622
1971 1,376,955 4,557,449
1970 1,360,076 4,538,223
1969 1,345,249 4,518,607
1968 1,331,214 4,483,915
1967 1,318,946 4,449,367
1966 1,308,597 4,411,666
1965 1,294,566 4,370,983
1964 1,277,086 4,327,341
1963 1,258,857 4,282,017
1962 1,241,623 4,238,188
1961 1,225,077 4,191,667
1960 1,211,537 4,068,095

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Fertility rates in Estonia and Slovakia

Fertility rate
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Fertility rate
Estonia Slovakia
2024 1.18 1.46
2023 1.31 1.49
2022 1.41 1.57
2021 1.61 1.63
2020 1.58 1.59
2019 1.66 1.57
2018 1.67 1.54
2017 1.59 1.52
2016 1.6 1.48
2015 1.58 1.4
2014 1.54 1.37
2013 1.52 1.34
2012 1.56 1.34
2011 1.61 1.45
2010 1.72 1.43
2009 1.7 1.44
2008 1.72 1.34
2007 1.69 1.27
2006 1.58 1.25
2005 1.52 1.27
2004 1.47 1.25
2003 1.37 1.2
2002 1.36 1.19
2001 1.32 1.2
2000 1.36 1.3
1999 1.3 1.33
1998 1.28 1.37
1997 1.32 1.43
1996 1.37 1.47
1995 1.38 1.52
1994 1.42 1.67
1993 1.49 1.87
1992 1.71 1.93
1991 1.8 2.05
1990 2.05 2.09
1989 2.22 2.07
1988 2.27 2.13
1987 2.27 2.14
1986 2.18 2.2
1985 2.13 2.26
1984 2.17 2.26
1983 2.16 2.28
1982 2.07 2.28
1981 2.07 2.29
1980 2.02 2.32
1979 2 2.45
1978 2.02 2.47
1977 2.06 2.49
1976 2.07 2.55
1975 2.04 2.55
1974 2.07 2.61
1973 2.06 2.56
1972 2.13 2.49
1971 2.19 2.43
1970 2.17 2.41
1969 2.13 2.43
1968 2.03 2.39
1967 1.9 2.48
1966 1.87 2.66
1965 1.88 2.78
1964 1.94 2.89
1963 1.89 2.92
1962 1.95 2.83
1961 1.98 2.96
1960 1.98 3.04

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Estonia and Slovakia demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

Slovakia
1x
Year Median age, years
Estonia Slovakia
2025 43.8 43.3
2024 43.3 42.7
2023 42.9 42.3
2022 42.7 41.9
2021 42.5 41.5
2020 42.4 41.2
2019 42.2 40.8
2018 42 40.4
2017 41.9 40
2016 41.7 39.6
2015 41.5 39.2
2014 41.4 38.8
2013 41.1 38.4
2012 40.9 38
2011 40.6 37.6
2010 40.3 37.3
2009 40 36.9
2008 39.8 36.6
2007 39.7 36.2
2006 39.6 35.8
2005 39.3 35.5
2004 39.1 35.2
2003 38.8 34.9
2002 38.5 34.6
2001 38.3 34.3
2000 38 33.9
1999 37.6 33.6
1998 37.3 33.3
1997 37 33
1996 36.7 32.7
1995 36.3 32.5
1994 36 32.2
1993 35.6 31.9
1992 35 31.7
1991 34.6 31.5
1990 34.3 31.3
1989 34.2 31.1
1988 34.1 30.8
1987 34 30.6
1986 34 30.3
1985 33.9 30.1
1984 33.9 29.8
1983 33.9 29.6
1982 33.8 29.4
1981 33.8 29.1
1980 33.9 28.9
1979 34 28.8
1978 34.2 28.6
1977 34.3 28.5
1976 34.3 28.4
1975 34.2 28.4
1974 34.2 28.4
1973 34.1 28.4
1972 33.9 28.3
1971 33.8 28.3
1970 33.7 28.3
1969 33.7 28.3
1968 33.6 28.2
1967 33.4 28.1
1966 33.2 28
1965 33 28
1964 32.8 27.9
1963 32.7 27.9
1962 32.5 27.8
1961 32.4 27.7
1960 32.2 27.6

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/slovakia | CC BY

Interactive Maps

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National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia Slovakia
GNI, Atlas method
$44.2B
2025
$143B
2025
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.2%
2025
48.7%
2025
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
4.66%
2022
Military expenditure, % of GDP
3.37%
2024
2.01%
2024
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
18,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-1.33%
2025
-5.02%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2025
5.4%
2025
Services, % of GDP
65.8%
2025
59.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
19.7%
2025
28.1%
2025
Economic freedom index
78.7
2026
67.7
2026
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
18.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
3.3%
2023
Number of billionaires
2
2026
2
2026
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2026
0.00005%
2026
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
67
2013
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$5.38B
2014
Total reserves including gold
$2.44B
2025
$18.2B
2025
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$2.95B
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
15,299,000
2018
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
1.43%
2020
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
92.2%
2024

Energy

Estonia Slovakia
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
2,709 kg
2024
3,011 kg
2024
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$18.4
2024
$16
2024
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
10.6 megatons
2024
29.9 megatons
2024
CO2 emissions per capita
7.76 tons
2024
5.51 tons
2024
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
59.5%
2023
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
17.9%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
5.09%
2024
32.3%
2024
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
57.9%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,298 kWh
2024
4,675 kWh
2024
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
23.6%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.53%
2024
18%
2024
Nuclear share
0%
2021
61.9%
2024
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia Slovakia
% of world population
0.02%
2025
0.07%
2025
Annual migration change
-13,350
2025
-31,377
2025
Urban population
70.7%
2025
53.2%
2025
Male:Female ratio
47.6:52.4
2025
48.8:51.2
2025
Average male height
5.86 ft
2026
5.94 ft
2026
Average female height
5.41 ft
2026
5.48 ft
2026
Quality of life index
83.9
2026
72.8
2026
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2025
48
2025
Higher education index
81
2026
75
2026
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
1.12
2023
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
6.1
2019
Visa free countries
172
2026
172
2026
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
99.6%
2004
English speaking
47%
2026
25.7%
2026
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
89.8%
2024

Health

Estonia Slovakia
Government health expenditure per capita
$2,438
2024
$1,813
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$521
2024
$365
2023
Life expectancy
79.6 years
2026
78.8 years
2026
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.009%
2023
n/a
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.47
2022
3.7
2022
Age at first childbirth
28.9 years
2024
27.4 years
2024
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
4
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age
2
2024
6.3
2024
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
27.6%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
7.1%
2024
Air quality index
95
2026
57
2026
Tobacco use prevalence
26.1%
2024
29.5%
2024
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
10.7 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia Slovakia
% of world land
0.03%
2026
0.03%
2026
Land area per capita
12,074 sq mi
2025
3,429 sq mi
2025
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2026
7,046 sq mi
2026
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2026
7,436 sq mi
2026
Roads length n/a
24,224 mi
2018

In-depth comparisons

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2024, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  10. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  11. Passport Index (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  12. EduRank (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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