Fertility & birth rates in Estonia and Madagascar

Fertility rate in Estonia vs Madagascar by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Madagascar

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Estonia	Madagascar
2023	1.31	3.97
2022	1.41	4.04
2021	1.61	4.1
2020	1.58	4.17
2019	1.66	4.22
2018	1.67	4.25
2017	1.59	4.26
2016	1.6	4.29
2015	1.58	4.34
2014	1.54	4.42
2013	1.52	4.53
2012	1.56	4.61
2011	1.61	4.74
2010	1.72	4.9
2009	1.7	5
2008	1.72	5.04
2007	1.69	5.08
2006	1.58	5.13
2005	1.52	5.2
2004	1.47	5.26
2003	1.37	5.33
2002	1.36	5.41
2001	1.32	5.53
2000	1.36	5.67
1999	1.3	5.84
1998	1.28	5.99
1997	1.32	6.02
1996	1.37	6.03
1995	1.38	6.04
1994	1.42	6.04
1993	1.49	6.06
1992	1.71	6.08
1991	1.8	6.12
1990	2.05	6.14
1989	2.22	6.15
1988	2.27	6.18
1987	2.27	6.24
1986	2.18	6.34
1985	2.13	6.46
1984	2.17	6.55
1983	2.16	6.63
1982	2.07	6.7
1981	2.07	6.77
1980	2.02	6.84
1979	2	6.87
1978	2.02	6.9
1977	2.06	6.93
1976	2.07	6.95
1975	2.04	6.97
1974	2.07	6.99
1973	2.06	7.01
1972	2.13	7.04
1971	2.19	7.07
1970	2.17	7.1
1969	2.13	7.12
1968	2.03	7.13
1967	1.9	7.14
1966	1.87	7.16
1965	1.88	7.17
1964	1.94	7.19
1963	1.89	7.21
1962	1.95	7.26
1961	1.98	7.3
1960	1.98	7.34

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Estonia was 1.31 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.97 in Madagascar in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Estonia vs Madagascar population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Madagascar

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Estonia	Madagascar
2023	-5,070	766,391
2022	-5,665	753,931
2021	-5,324	741,416
2020	-2,659	736,607
2019	-1,327	735,853
2018	-1,322	719,267
2017	-1,713	699,498
2016	-1,316	682,801
2015	-1,315	668,977
2014	-1,972	660,837
2013	-1,713	654,230
2012	-1,455	644,255
2011	-531	640,577
2010	0	641,543
2009	-400	634,008
2008	-668	615,580
2007	-1,608	597,772
2006	-2,559	581,489
2005	-2,981	568,143
2004	-3,679	556,319
2003	-5,072	544,903
2002	-5,380	535,518
2001	-5,830	529,656
2000	-5,309	520,860
1999	-6,117	516,976
1998	-7,208	508,408
1997	-6,018	490,905
1996	-5,662	471,453
1995	-7,327	450,259
1994	-8,044	428,169
1993	-5,976	408,801
1992	-1,993	388,430
1991	-312	375,040
1990	2,825	360,621
1989	5,803	344,279
1988	6,404	330,510
1987	6,829	317,621
1986	6,160	307,074
1985	4,281	304,199
1984	5,163	296,892
1983	5,884	290,085
1982	5,244	284,733
1981	4,612	277,535
1980	3,989	275,287
1979	3,818	270,752
1978	4,088	263,684
1977	4,931	255,399
1976	4,319	247,026
1975	4,717	238,774
1974	5,956	230,233
1973	5,623	221,768
1972	6,267	213,138
1971	7,160	204,617
1970	6,257	194,889
1969	5,515	184,562
1968	5,592	175,869
1967	5,012	167,287
1966	4,842	159,483
1965	5,437	152,362
1964	6,897	146,894
1963	6,043	142,666
1962	6,457	139,412
1961	7,228	136,578
1960	7,511	133,684

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% in Estonia and +2.46% in Madagascar.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.21% in Estonia and +2.57% in Madagascar.

Birth rate in Estonia vs Madagascar by year

Chart Table

Estonia

Madagascar

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Estonia	Madagascar
2023	8	32.1
2022	8.6	32.5
2021	10	32.9
2020	9.9	33.3
2019	10.6	33.6
2018	10.9	33.7
2017	10.5	33.6
2016	10.7	33.6
2015	10.6	33.8
2014	10.3	34.2
2013	10.3	34.7
2012	10.6	35.1
2011	11.1	35.8
2010	11.9	36.7
2009	11.8	37.4
2008	12	37.5
2007	11.8	37.8
2006	11	38
2005	10.6	38.4
2004	10.3	39
2003	9.5	39.5
2002	9.4	40.2
2001	9.1	41.1
2000	9.4	42
1999	9	43.2
1998	8.8	44.1
1997	9	44.4
1996	9.4	44.6
1995	9.4	44.5
1994	9.7	44.2
1993	10.2	44.1
1992	11.8	43.9
1991	12.4	44.1
1990	14.2	44.1
1989	15.5	43.9
1988	16	43.8
1987	16.2	43.8
1986	15.7	44
1985	15.5	44.8
1984	16	45.2
1983	16	45.5
1982	15.4	45.9
1981	15.4	46.2
1980	15	46.8
1979	14.9	47.2
1978	15	47.4
1977	15.2	47.4
1976	15.1	47.4
1975	14.9	47.4
1974	15.1	47.4
1973	15.1	47.4
1972	15.6	47.4
1971	16.1	47.2
1970	15.8	46.8
1969	15.4	46.5
1968	14.9	46.1
1967	14.2	45.9
1966	14.2	45.7
1965	14.6	45.6
1964	15.4	45.7
1963	15.3	46
1962	16.1	46.5
1961	16.5	47.1
1960	16.7	47.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Estonia and 32.1 in Madagascar, compared with 16.7 and 47.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Estonia

Factual

UN forecast

Madagascar

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Estonia	Madagascar
2100	11.7%	21.5%
2099	11.7%	21.6%
2098	11.8%	21.8%
2097	11.9%	21.9%
2096	11.9%	22.1%
2095	12%	22.2%
2094	12.1%	22.3%
2093	12.2%	22.5%
2092	12.3%	22.6%
2091	12.4%	22.8%
2090	12.4%	22.9%
2089	12.5%	23.1%
2088	12.5%	23.3%
2087	12.6%	23.4%
2086	12.6%	23.6%
2085	12.6%	23.7%
2084	12.5%	23.9%
2083	12.5%	24.1%
2082	12.4%	24.3%
2081	12.3%	24.4%
2080	12.3%	24.6%
2079	12.2%	24.8%
2078	12.1%	25%
2077	12%	25.2%
2076	11.9%	25.4%
2075	11.8%	25.6%
2074	11.7%	25.8%
2073	11.7%	26%
2072	11.6%	26.2%
2071	11.6%	26.4%
2070	11.6%	26.6%
2069	11.6%	26.9%
2068	11.7%	27.1%
2067	11.7%	27.3%
2066	11.8%	27.5%
2065	11.9%	27.7%
2064	12.1%	28%
2063	12.2%	28.2%
2062	12.4%	28.4%
2061	12.5%	28.7%
2060	12.7%	28.9%
2059	12.8%	29.1%
2058	12.9%	29.4%
2057	13%	29.6%
2056	13.1%	29.9%
2055	13.2%	30.1%
2054	13.2%	30.4%
2053	13.2%	30.6%
2052	13.2%	30.9%
2051	13.1%	31.2%
2050	13%	31.4%
2049	12.9%	31.7%
2048	12.8%	32%
2047	12.7%	32.3%
2046	12.5%	32.6%
2045	12.4%	32.9%
2044	12.3%	33.2%
2043	12.1%	33.5%
2042	12%	33.8%
2041	11.9%	34.1%
2040	11.9%	34.5%
2039	11.8%	34.8%
2038	11.8%	35.1%
2037	11.9%	35.5%
2036	12.1%	35.8%
2035	12.3%	36.2%
2034	12.6%	36.5%
2033	12.9%	36.9%
2032	13.2%	37.2%
2031	13.6%	37.4%
2030	13.9%	37.7%
2029	14.2%	38%
2028	14.4%	38.2%
2027	14.7%	38.5%
2026	15%	38.8%
2025	15.5%	39.1%
2024	15.6%	39.3%
2023	16%	39.6%
2022	16.2%	39.9%
2021	16.4%	40.1%
2020	16.4%	40.4%
2019	16.4%	40.7%
2018	16.4%	40.9%
2017	16.3%	41.2%
2016	16.2%	41.6%
2015	16%	42%
2014	15.9%	42.4%
2013	15.7%	42.8%
2012	15.6%	43.3%
2011	15.4%	43.7%
2010	15.2%	44%
2009	15%	44.3%
2008	14.9%	44.6%
2007	14.9%	44.8%
2006	15%	45%
2005	15.2%	45.2%
2004	15.6%	45.3%
2003	16.1%	45.4%
2002	16.6%	45.4%
2001	17.2%	45.4%
2000	17.6%	45.4%
1999	18.4%	45.4%
1998	19.2%	45.4%
1997	19.8%	45.3%
1996	20.3%	45.3%
1995	20.7%	45.3%
1994	21.1%	45.4%
1993	21.4%	45.5%
1992	21.8%	45.6%
1991	22.1%	45.7%
1990	22.3%	45.9%
1989	22.3%	46.1%
1988	22.2%	46.3%
1987	22.2%	46.5%
1986	22.1%	46.7%
1985	22.1%	46.8%
1984	22.1%	46.9%
1983	22%	47%
1982	21.9%	47.1%
1981	21.8%	47.1%
1980	21.7%	47%
1979	21.6%	46.9%
1978	21.5%	46.8%
1977	21.5%	46.7%
1976	21.6%	46.6%
1975	21.6%	46.5%
1974	21.8%	46.5%
1973	21.9%	46.4%
1972	22%	46.4%
1971	22%	46.4%
1970	22.1%	46.4%
1969	22.1%	46.4%
1968	22.2%	46.5%
1967	22.3%	46.5%
1966	22.6%	46.6%
1965	22.8%	46.7%
1964	23%	46.8%
1963	23.2%	46.7%
1962	23.3%	46.3%
1961	23.3%	45.8%
1960	23.1%	45.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.6% of the population in Estonia and 39.3% in Madagascar in 2024, compared to 22.3% and 45.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Estonia and Madagascar compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Estonia vs Madagascar

Chart Table

Estonia

Madagascar

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Estonia	Madagascar
2023	5	445
2022	7	439
2021	8	467
2020	6	447
2019	6	462
2018	5	466
2017	5	469
2016	7	470
2015	6	474
2014	7	477
2013	6	481
2012	8	487
2011	9	492
2010	8	500
2009	10	507
2008	11	510
2007	13	522
2006	13	528
2005	15	540
2004	15	555
2003	18	571
2002	22	593
2001	25	611
2000	27	638
1999	28	647
1998	32	663
1997	31	676
1996	36	680
1995	45	684
1994	60	688
1993	46	688
1992	40	699
1991	42	691
1990	44	692
1989	48	684
1988	43	687
1987	42	702
1986	46	730
1985	56	751

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 5 deaths per 100,000 live births in Estonia, compared to 445 deaths in Madagascar.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Estonia

Madagascar

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Estonia	Madagascar
2023	0.21%	6.48%
2022	0.22%	6.57%
2021	0.23%	6.62%
2020	0.24%	6.63%
2019	0.25%	6.61%
2018	0.27%	6.58%
2017	0.28%	6.57%
2016	0.3%	6.57%
2015	0.32%	6.58%
2014	0.34%	6.62%
2013	0.36%	6.69%
2012	0.39%	6.77%
2011	0.42%	6.9%
2010	0.46%	7.07%
2009	0.5%	7.28%
2008	0.54%	7.53%
2007	0.59%	7.81%
2006	0.65%	8.12%
2005	0.71%	8.46%
2004	0.78%	8.82%
2003	0.85%	9.2%
2002	0.93%	9.6%
2001	1.01%	10%
2000	1.1%	10.5%
1999	1.2%	11%
1998	1.29%	11.5%
1997	1.39%	12%
1996	1.48%	12.6%
1995	1.57%	13.1%
1994	1.64%	13.5%
1993	1.69%	14%
1992	1.73%	14.5%
1991	1.75%	15%
1990	1.77%	15.6%
1989	1.79%	16.1%
1988	1.81%	16.6%
1987	1.83%	17.1%
1986	1.86%	17.5%
1985	1.91%	17.7%
1984	1.96%	17.8%
1983	2.02%	17.8%
1982	2.09%	17.6%
1981	2.16%	17.4%
1980	2.24%	17.1%
1979	-	16.9%
1978	-	16.7%
1977	-	16.5%
1976	-	16.3%
1975	-	16.1%
1974	-	15.8%
1973	-	15.6%
1972	-	15.3%
1971	-	15.1%
1970	-	14.9%
1969	-	14.7%
1968	-	14.6%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.21% in Estonia and 6.48% in Madagascar. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.