Madagascar ranked 136/197 by economy size with a GDP of $19.6B and 194/197 by GDP per capita at $599. Madagascar has $9.56B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 48.7%.
In 2025, Madagascar made up 0.02% of the world's economy, compared to 0.05% in 1960.
Madagascar GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $19,620,352,036 | 3% |
| 2024 | $17,592,832,696 | 4.32% |
| 2023 | $16,036,707,976 | 4.23% |
| 2022 | $15,342,178,598 | 4.14% |
| 2021 | $14,354,731,964 | 4.65% |
| 2020 | $13,051,441,204 | -7.14% |
| 2019 | $14,104,664,679 | 4.41% |
| 2018 | $13,760,033,282 | 3.19% |
| 2017 | $13,176,313,594 | 3.93% |
| 2016 | $11,848,613,858 | 3.99% |
| 2015 | $11,323,020,701 | 3.13% |
| 2014 | $12,522,957,399 | 3.34% |
| 2013 | $12,423,555,455 | 2.3% |
| 2012 | $11,578,975,062 | 3.01% |
| 2011 | $11,551,819,618 | 1.58% |
| 2010 | $9,982,711,338 | 0.62% |
| 2009 | $9,616,879,409 | -3.98% |
| 2008 | $10,725,137,724 | 6.71% |
| 2007 | $8,524,620,890 | 5.71% |
| 2006 | $6,395,712,491 | 5.4% |
| 2005 | $5,859,269,753 | 4.76% |
| 2004 | $5,064,732,626 | 5.26% |
| 2003 | $6,372,498,890 | 9.78% |
| 2002 | $5,351,701,663 | -12.4% |
| 2001 | $5,438,332,602 | 5.98% |
| 2000 | $4,629,247,204 | 4.46% |
| 1999 | $4,277,903,780 | 4.7% |
| 1998 | $4,401,967,633 | 3.92% |
| 1997 | $4,262,965,420 | 3.69% |
| 1996 | $4,931,861,039 | 2.15% |
| 1995 | $3,838,100,904 | 1.68% |
| 1994 | $3,522,227,092 | -0.04% |
| 1993 | $4,063,298,919 | 2.1% |
| 1992 | $3,714,966,678 | 1.18% |
| 1991 | $3,254,713,056 | -6.31% |
| 1990 | $3,931,334,875 | 3.13% |
| 1989 | $3,175,638,333 | 4.07% |
| 1988 | $3,189,456,965 | 3.41% |
| 1987 | $3,212,900,556 | 1.17% |
| 1986 | $4,347,989,788 | 1.96% |
| 1985 | $3,802,557,895 | 1.16% |
| 1984 | $3,905,938,481 | 1.76% |
| 1983 | $4,686,457,031 | 0.9% |
| 1982 | $4,784,977,326 | -1.9% |
| 1981 | $4,759,333,998 | -9.8% |
| 1980 | $5,201,818,348 | 0.95% |
| 1979 | $3,463,565,854 | 9.85% |
| 1978 | $2,669,755,115 | -2.66% |
| 1977 | $2,358,930,406 | 2.36% |
| 1976 | $2,181,844,179 | -3.07% |
| 1975 | $2,283,049,215 | 1.26% |
| 1974 | $1,917,508,190 | 2.01% |
| 1973 | $1,653,062,335 | -2.62% |
| 1972 | $1,341,590,690 | -1.27% |
| 1971 | $1,199,507,631 | 3.93% |
| 1970 | $1,111,859,571 | 5.28% |
| 1969 | $1,056,391,056 | 3.72% |
| 1968 | $1,031,669,637 | 6.83% |
| 1967 | $956,436,932 | 5.53% |
| 1966 | $900,264,585 | 2.06% |
| 1965 | $833,563,473 | -0.45% |
| 1964 | $802,482,184 | 3.96% |
| 1963 | $759,345,864 | -0.93% |
| 1962 | $739,286,908 | 2.27% |
| 1961 | $699,161,945 | 2.05% |
| 1960 | $673,081,725 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/madagascar | CC BY 
Madagascar GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $599 | - |
| 2024 | $550 | $1,884 |
| 2023 | $514 | $1,808 |
| 2022 | $504 | $1,717 |
| 2021 | $483 | $1,577 |
| 2020 | $451 | $1,490 |
| 2019 | $500 | $1,612 |
| 2018 | $500 | $1,547 |
| 2017 | $492 | $1,547 |
| 2016 | $454 | $1,562 |
| 2015 | $445 | $1,497 |
| 2014 | $506 | $1,499 |
| 2013 | $515 | $1,473 |
| 2012 | $494 | $1,464 |
| 2011 | $506 | $1,475 |
| 2010 | $450 | $1,464 |
| 2009 | $446 | $1,480 |
| 2008 | $513 | $1,577 |
| 2007 | $420 | $1,493 |
| 2006 | $324 | $1,416 |
| 2005 | $306 | $1,343 |
| 2004 | $272.2 | $1,280 |
| 2003 | $353 | $1,219 |
| 2002 | $305 | $1,121 |
| 2001 | $319 | $1,299 |
| 2000 | $280.3 | $1,236 |
| 1999 | $267.4 | $1,194 |
| 1998 | $284.2 | $1,162 |
| 1997 | $284.4 | $1,142 |
| 1996 | $340 | $1,119 |
| 1995 | $273.1 | $1,111 |
| 1994 | $258.7 | $1,104 |
| 1993 | $308 | $1,116 |
| 1992 | $290.2 | $1,101 |
| 1991 | $262 | $1,096 |
| 1990 | $326 | $1,166 |
| 1989 | $271.3 | - |
| 1988 | $280.5 | - |
| 1987 | $290.8 | - |
| 1986 | $405 | - |
| 1985 | $364 | - |
| 1984 | $385 | - |
| 1983 | $476 | - |
| 1982 | $501 | - |
| 1981 | $513 | - |
| 1980 | $578 | - |
| 1979 | $396 | - |
| 1978 | $315 | - |
| 1977 | $286.9 | - |
| 1976 | $273.5 | - |
| 1975 | $295 | - |
| 1974 | $255.3 | - |
| 1973 | $226.8 | - |
| 1972 | $189.6 | - |
| 1971 | $174.6 | - |
| 1970 | $166.6 | - |
| 1969 | $162.9 | - |
| 1968 | $163.6 | - |
| 1967 | $155.9 | - |
| 1966 | $150.7 | - |
| 1965 | $143.2 | - |
| 1964 | $141.5 | - |
| 1963 | $137.4 | - |
| 1962 | $137.3 | - |
| 1961 | $133.3 | - |
| 1960 | $131.7 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/madagascar | CC BY
Madagascar has a GDP per capita of $599, ranking 194/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $1,884, ranking 187/197, and a median annual after tax income of $1,285, ranking 189/197.
Madagascar GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | 129 | 177 | - |
| 2024 | 134 | 185 | 171 |
| 2023 | 135 | 189 | 181 |
| 2022 | 135 | 189 | 181 |
| 2021 | 132 | 190 | 181 |
| 2020 | 132 | 192 | 182 |
| 2019 | 132 | 190 | 180 |
| 2018 | 133 | 191 | 181 |
| 2017 | 132 | 190 | 182 |
| 2016 | 133 | 190 | 180 |
| 2015 | 140 | 193 | 182 |
| 2014 | 135 | 191 | 181 |
| 2013 | 135 | 189 | 183 |
| 2012 | 135 | 191 | 180 |
| 2011 | 134 | 192 | 183 |
| 2010 | 135 | 192 | 181 |
| 2009 | 132 | 192 | 181 |
| 2008 | 127 | 183 | 179 |
| 2007 | 130 | 183 | 179 |
| 2006 | 135 | 188 | 178 |
| 2005 | 134 | 187 | 179 |
| 2004 | 133 | 187 | 179 |
| 2003 | 115 | 176 | 179 |
| 2002 | 117 | 176 | 178 |
| 2001 | 116 | 174 | 171 |
| 2000 | 120 | 177 | 172 |
| 1999 | 120 | 177 | 168 |
| 1998 | 118 | 175 | 166 |
| 1997 | 119 | 177 | 166 |
| 1996 | 111 | 168 | 161 |
| 1995 | 119 | 172 | 160 |
| 1994 | 117 | 166 | 158 |
| 1993 | 107 | 158 | 155 |
| 1992 | 107 | 162 | 155 |
| 1991 | 118 | 169 | 153 |
| 1990 | 108 | 161 | 150 |
| 1989 | 103 | 149 | - |
| 1988 | 104 | 151 | - |
| 1987 | 98 | 146 | - |
| 1986 | 83 | 129 | - |
| 1985 | 87 | 128 | - |
| 1984 | 85 | 128 | - |
| 1983 | 81 | 122 | - |
| 1982 | 79 | 122 | - |
| 1981 | 80 | 121 | - |
| 1980 | 77 | 116 | - |
| 1979 | 81 | 118 | - |
| 1978 | 83 | 121 | - |
| 1977 | 86 | 122 | - |
| 1976 | 86 | 116 | - |
| 1975 | 82 | 115 | - |
| 1974 | 82 | 116 | - |
| 1973 | 78 | 116 | - |
| 1972 | 78 | 117 | - |
| 1971 | 77 | 115 | - |
| 1970 | 78 | 115 | - |
| 1969 | 75 | 96 | - |
| 1968 | 75 | 93 | - |
| 1967 | 74 | 93 | - |
| 1966 | 74 | 91 | - |
| 1965 | 73 | 92 | - |
| 1964 | 70 | 85 | - |
| 1963 | 69 | 86 | - |
| 1962 | 67 | 84 | - |
| 1961 | 65 | 82 | - |
| 1960 | 65 | 79 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/madagascar | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2025 Madagascar is ranked 129th out of 179 by GDP (down from 120th), 177th by GDP per capita (unchanged from 177th), and 171st by GDP per capita PPP (up from 172nd).
Economic indicators
Madagascar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$19.6B
2025 |
136/197 |
| GDP growth |
3%
2024-2025 |
107/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$599
2025 |
194/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$1,884
2024 |
187/197 |
| Government debt |
$9.56B
2025 |
134/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
48.7%
2025 |
109/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$292
2025 |
179/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,285
2026 |
189/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
29.6%
2021 |
64/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.9%
2021 |
72/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
13.5%
2025 |
188/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
8.05%
2024-2025 |
33/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
3.19%
2022 |
151/196 |
| Population |
33936132
|
49/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2025 | 13.5% | 48.7% | -2.21% |
| 2024 | 16.1% | 49.8% | -2.49% |
| 2023 | 17.7% | 52.1% | -4.15% |
| 2022 | 16.2% | 49.8% | -5.45% |
| 2021 | 13.9% | 49.4% | -2.83% |
| 2020 | 16.4% | 52.9% | -3.96% |
| 2019 | 15.4% | 41.3% | -1.42% |
| 2018 | 14.4% | 42.9% | -1.34% |
| 2017 | 14.9% | 40.1% | -2.1% |
| 2016 | 13.5% | 40.3% | -1.11% |
| 2015 | 13% | 44.1% | -2.85% |
| 2014 | 12.6% | 37.8% | -1.96% |
| 2013 | 12.7% | 36.2% | -3.4% |
| 2012 | 11.5% | 30.4% | -2.24% |
| 2011 | 12% | 29.9% | -2.04% |
| 2010 | 12.3% | 32.3% | -0.76% |
| 2009 | 12.5% | 34.9% | -2.26% |
| 2008 | 15.7% | 31% | -1.72% |
| 2007 | 16.1% | 28.2% | -2.31% |
| 2006 | 18.5% | 32.2% | -5.71% |
| 2005 | 18.4% | 74.4% | -2.47% |
| 2004 | 21.7% | 81.9% | -4.23% |
| 2003 | 16.6% | 85.9% | -3.32% |
| 2002 | 12.4% | 86.7% | -4.09% |
| 2001 | 15.3% | 82.1% | -3.61% |
| 2000 | 15.3% | 90.2% | -2.35% |
| 1999 | 15.5% | 104.1% | -2.42% |
| 1998 | 16.9% | 108.5% | -5.31% |
| 1997 | 14.5% | 89.7% | -2% |
| 1996 | 14.4% | 98.7% | -3.97% |
| 1995 | 14.5% | 95.8% | -5.09% |
| 1994 | 16.7% | 96% | -7.23% |
| 1993 | 17.1% | 105.2% | -6.34% |
| 1992 | 16.2% | 110.9% | -5% |
| 1991 | 13.5% | 113.8% | -4.4% |
| 1990 | 13.3% | 92.7% | -0.49% |
| 1989 | 15.5% | 122% | -3.35% |
| 1988 | 11.4% | 126.6% | -0.57% |
| 1987 | 10.4% | 127.5% | -2.12% |
| 1986 | 11.1% | 84.9% | -2.24% |
| 1985 | 11.8% | 82.7% | -2.39% |
| 1984 | 13.9% | 70.9% | -6.09% |
| 1983 | 13.4% | 57.5% | -6.04% |
| 1982 | 14.3% | 56.1% | -6.97% |
| 1981 | 18.2% | 51.5% | -9.97% |
| 1980 | 22.7% | 37.7% | -11% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1980–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/madagascar | CC BY
This chart shows Madagascar's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 46 years, Madagascar recorded a fiscal deficit in 46 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 3.6% of GDP. In 2025, government spending reached $2.65B (13.5% of GDP), with a deficit of 2.21%.
The national debt reached $9.56B, ranking 134th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 48.7%, ranking 109th.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 8.05% |
| 2024 | 7.61% |
| 2023 | 9.87% |
| 2022 | 8.16% |
| 2021 | 5.81% |
| 2020 | 4.2% |
| 2019 | 5.61% |
| 2018 | 8.59% |
| 2017 | 8.61% |
| 2016 | 6.04% |
| 2015 | 7.4% |
| 2014 | 6.08% |
| 2013 | 5.83% |
| 2012 | 5.71% |
| 2011 | 9.48% |
| 2010 | 9.25% |
| 2009 | 8.95% |
| 2008 | 9.3% |
| 2007 | 10.3% |
| 2006 | 10.8% |
| 2005 | 18.4% |
| 2004 | 14% |
| 2003 | -1.7% |
| 2002 | 16.5% |
| 2001 | 7.92% |
| 2000 | 11.9% |
| 1999 | 9.93% |
| 1998 | 6.21% |
| 1997 | 4.49% |
| 1996 | 19.8% |
| 1995 | 49.1% |
| 1994 | 38.9% |
| 1993 | 10% |
| 1992 | 14.5% |
| 1991 | 8.59% |
| 1990 | 11.8% |
| 1989 | 9.01% |
| 1988 | 26.9% |
| 1987 | 15% |
| 1986 | 14.5% |
| 1985 | 10.6% |
| 1984 | 9.86% |
| 1983 | 19.3% |
| 1982 | 31.8% |
| 1981 | 30.5% |
| 1980 | 18.2% |
| 1979 | 14.1% |
| 1978 | 6.53% |
| 1977 | 3.11% |
| 1976 | 4.99% |
| 1975 | 8.19% |
| 1974 | 22.1% |
| 1973 | 6.12% |
| 1972 | 5.62% |
| 1971 | 5.39% |
| 1970 | 2.88% |
| 1969 | 3.83% |
| 1968 | 0.96% |
| 1967 | 0.82% |
| 1966 | 3.21% |
| 1965 | 4.2% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1965–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/madagascar | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Madagascar has had an average annual inflation rate of 7.78%. In 2025, inflation was 8.05%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Madagascar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$749M
2024 |
110/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-4.26%
2024 |
132/190 |
| Goods imports |
$4.16B
2024 |
141/189 |
| Goods exports |
$2.58B
2024 |
136/189 |
| Service imports |
$1.27B
2024 |
140/189 |
| Service exports |
$1.53B
2024 |
118/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
32.9%
2025 |
119/182 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
21.3%
2025 |
143/193 |
Madagascar top 10 trading partners
Madagascar's biggest trading partner accounting for 20.2% of all exports and imports is China, with a trade balance between the two of -$1.13B: Madagascar exports $203M worth of goods and services to China and imports $1.33B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Madagascar.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
China
|
$1.53B | 20.2% | $203M | $1.33B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
France
|
$734M | 9.66% | $446M | $288M | Textiles & consumer goods | Chemicals & pharma |
| 3 |
Oman
|
$647M | 8.51% | $452K | $646M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 4 |
United States
|
$507M | 6.67% | $395M | $111M | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
India
|
$495M | 6.51% | $138M | $357M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw agricultural goods |
| 6 |
South Africa
|
$299M | 3.94% | $94.9M | $204M | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
UAE
|
$285M | 3.75% | $28.5M | $256M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 8 |
Pakistan
|
$269M | 3.54% | $4.02M | $265M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw agricultural goods |
| 9 |
Japan
|
$225M | 2.96% | $171M | $54.5M | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
Malaysia
|
$219M | 2.89% | $9.15M | $210M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
Top 10 exports
|
Madagascar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Transport & tourism services | $709M | 135/191 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $597M | 79/193 |
| Metals | $544M | 88/192 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $447M | 89/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $324M | 134/193 |
| IT & IP services | $239M | 88/185 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $191M | 122/192 |
| Business & finance services | $121M | 129/189 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $112M | 114/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $103M | 103/192 |
Top 10 imports
|
Madagascar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Raw materials & minerals | $1.29B | 133/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $1.03B | 142/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $962M | 126/191 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $786M | 108/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $563M | 130/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $511M | 133/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $509M | 112/193 |
| Metals | $280M | 141/193 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $227M | 51/187 |
| Business & finance services | $221M | 145/189 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Madagascar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 57 | 119/197 |
| Property rights | 39.8 | 125/182 |
| Government integrity | 26.8 | 138/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 33.7 | 118/182 |
| Tax burden | 90.5 | 26/182 |
| Government spending | 91.5 | 16/180 |
| Fiscal health | 68.8 | 105/181 |
| Business freedom | 37.3 | 162/182 |
| Labor freedom | 56.1 | 91/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 71.8 | 121/180 |
| Trade freedom | 67.6 | 112/181 |
| Investment freedom | 50 | 115/181 |
| Financial freedom | 50 | 88/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 57 | 33.7 | 90.5 | 91.5 | 68.8 |
| 2025 | 57 | 34.5 | 91.1 | 92.3 | 66.3 |
| 2024 | 57.3 | 34.5 | 90.9 | 92.5 | 64 |
| 2023 | 58.9 | 23.8 | 90.7 | 93 | 82.3 |
| 2022 | 58.9 | 33.4 | 90.7 | 92.9 | 87.8 |
| 2021 | 57.7 | 25.7 | 90.6 | 93.4 | 92.9 |
| 2020 | 60.5 | 39.6 | 90.7 | 91.5 | 90.6 |
| 2019 | 56.6 | 24.4 | 91 | 91.8 | 85.5 |
| 2018 | 56.8 | 21.4 | 90.3 | 92.9 | 82.5 |
| 2017 | 57.4 | 21.4 | 91 | 93.2 | 79.8 |
| 2016 | 61.1 | - | 91.1 | 93.4 | - |
| 2015 | 61.7 | - | 90.9 | 94.7 | - |
| 2014 | 61.7 | - | 90.8 | 92.3 | - |
| 2013 | 62 | - | 90 | 94.6 | - |
| 2012 | 62.4 | - | 88.3 | 93.6 | - |
| 2011 | 61.2 | - | 87.8 | 89.7 | - |
| 2010 | 63.2 | - | 87.3 | 88.8 | - |
| 2009 | 62.2 | - | 80.9 | 86.3 | - |
| 2008 | 62.4 | - | 80.9 | 86.4 | - |
| 2007 | 61.1 | - | 80.8 | 81.1 | - |
| 2006 | 61 | - | 81 | 88.6 | - |
| 2005 | 63.1 | - | 81.4 | 92.6 | - |
| 2004 | 60.9 | - | 74.6 | 89.8 | - |
| 2003 | 62.8 | - | 74.2 | 90.2 | - |
| 2002 | 56.8 | - | 74.3 | 90.3 | - |
| 2001 | 53.9 | - | 74.5 | 84.1 | - |
| 2000 | 54.4 | - | 74.6 | 84.1 | - |
| 1999 | 52.8 | - | 74.8 | 90.5 | - |
| 1998 | 51.8 | - | 74.8 | 90.7 | - |
| 1997 | 53.8 | - | 74.9 | 88.2 | - |
| 1996 | 52.2 | - | 74.8 | 87.3 | - |
| 1995 | 51.6 | - | 74.7 | 87.9 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/madagascar | CC BY
Madagascar is ranked 106/174 for economic freedom with a score of 57, compared to 68/162 and a score of 61 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Madagascar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
48.8%
2025 |
142/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
23.9%
2025 |
101/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
21.7%
2025 |
32/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$18.2B
2025 |
136/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$1,910
2025 |
182/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$2.78B
2024 |
122/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$472M
2024 |
102/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$606M
2024 |
108/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$134M
2024 |
78/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
1.71%
2024 |
100/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
75.2%
2021 |
1/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
24.1%
2025 |
81/179 |
Compare Madagascar vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/madagascar | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1980–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.