Romania is a high-income country with a population of 19.1M people. The capital and largest city is Bucharest, with 1.72M residents. Romania shares land borders with Moldova, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Serbia and Hungary.
Romania ranks 43/197 by GDP ($383B) and 58/197 by GDP per capita ($20,072). The top category for both exports and imports is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
18962595
|
69/197 |
| GDP |
$383B
2024 |
43/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$20,072
2024 |
58/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$48,712
2024 |
46/197 |
| Government debt |
$219B
2024 |
39/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
61.6%
2025 |
74/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$11,490
2024 |
49/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$13,200
2025 |
62/197 |
| Land area | 88,834 sq mi | 80/197 |
| Population density | 214.7 ppl/mi² | 105/197 |
| Fertility rate | 1.71 | 119/196 |
| Median age | 43.8 years | 23/196 |
| Life expectancy | 76.2 years | 80/197 |
Romania trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1987 | $38,067,567,568 |
| 1988 | $40,424,528,302 |
| 1989 | $41,450,777,202 |
| 1990 | $38,247,882,300 |
| 1991 | $28,850,634,900 |
| 1992 | $25,121,666,667 |
| 1993 | $26,361,160,450 |
| 1994 | $30,072,805,104 |
| 1995 | $37,430,162,103 |
| 1996 | $36,937,074,278 |
| 1997 | $35,575,214,078 |
| 1998 | $41,696,091,974 |
| 1999 | $35,953,156,754 |
| 2000 | $37,253,739,511 |
| 2001 | $40,395,116,581 |
| 2002 | $46,065,502,703 |
| 2003 | $57,806,384,143 |
| 2004 | $74,973,656,852 |
| 2005 | $98,454,380,120 |
| 2006 | $122,023,735,993 |
| 2007 | $174,588,782,939 |
| 2008 | $214,315,932,061 |
| 2009 | $174,110,532,659 |
| 2010 | $170,064,350,672 |
| 2011 | $192,623,977,894 |
| 2012 | $179,117,323,107 |
| 2013 | $189,798,603,751 |
| 2014 | $199,722,319,676 |
| 2015 | $177,885,131,240 |
| 2016 | $185,290,759,249 |
| 2017 | $210,147,385,855 |
| 2018 | $243,468,683,030 |
| 2019 | $251,677,082,534 |
| 2020 | $252,033,792,712 |
| 2021 | $286,578,196,368 |
| 2022 | $296,354,358,293 |
| 2023 | $350,775,856,415 |
| 2024 | $382,767,571,329 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1987 | $1,659 |
| 1988 | $1,753 |
| 1989 | $1,790 |
| 1990 | $1,648 |
| 1991 | $1,254 |
| 1992 | $1,102 |
| 1993 | $1,158 |
| 1994 | $1,323 |
| 1995 | $1,650 |
| 1996 | $1,633 |
| 1997 | $1,577 |
| 1998 | $1,853 |
| 1999 | $1,600 |
| 2000 | $1,660 |
| 2001 | $1,825 |
| 2002 | $2,120 |
| 2003 | $2,679 |
| 2004 | $3,495 |
| 2005 | $4,618 |
| 2006 | $5,758 |
| 2007 | $8,360 |
| 2008 | $10,435 |
| 2009 | $8,548 |
| 2010 | $8,400 |
| 2011 | $9,561 |
| 2012 | $8,930 |
| 2013 | $9,498 |
| 2014 | $10,032 |
| 2015 | $8,977 |
| 2016 | $9,405 |
| 2017 | $10,728 |
| 2018 | $12,502 |
| 2019 | $12,992 |
| 2020 | $13,082 |
| 2021 | $14,987 |
| 2022 | $15,558 |
| 2023 | $18,404 |
| 2024 | $20,072 |
Romania's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 60.5 |
| 1951 | 61.2 |
| 1952 | 61.8 |
| 1953 | 62.5 |
| 1954 | 63 |
| 1955 | 63.3 |
| 1956 | 63.6 |
| 1957 | 64 |
| 1958 | 64.4 |
| 1959 | 64.9 |
| 1960 | 65.6 |
| 1961 | 66.4 |
| 1962 | 67.2 |
| 1963 | 67.8 |
| 1964 | 68.4 |
| 1965 | 68.4 |
| 1966 | 68.2 |
| 1967 | 68.1 |
| 1968 | 67.9 |
| 1969 | 67.2 |
| 1970 | 67.9 |
| 1971 | 68.4 |
| 1972 | 69 |
| 1973 | 68.7 |
| 1974 | 69.5 |
| 1975 | 69.6 |
| 1976 | 69.9 |
| 1977 | 69.5 |
| 1978 | 69.8 |
| 1979 | 69.5 |
| 1980 | 69.2 |
| 1981 | 69.5 |
| 1982 | 69.8 |
| 1983 | 69.8 |
| 1984 | 69.9 |
| 1985 | 69.4 |
| 1986 | 69.7 |
| 1987 | 69.1 |
| 1988 | 69.4 |
| 1989 | 69.5 |
| 1990 | 69.8 |
| 1991 | 70 |
| 1992 | 69.5 |
| 1993 | 69.5 |
| 1994 | 69.3 |
| 1995 | 69.3 |
| 1996 | 68.8 |
| 1997 | 69.1 |
| 1998 | 69.9 |
| 1999 | 70.6 |
| 2000 | 71.2 |
| 2001 | 71.1 |
| 2002 | 70.8 |
| 2003 | 70.8 |
| 2004 | 71.1 |
| 2005 | 71.6 |
| 2006 | 72.2 |
| 2007 | 72.8 |
| 2008 | 73.2 |
| 2009 | 73.5 |
| 2010 | 73.6 |
| 2011 | 74.3 |
| 2012 | 74.3 |
| 2013 | 74.9 |
| 2014 | 74.8 |
| 2015 | 74.7 |
| 2016 | 75 |
| 2017 | 75 |
| 2018 | 75.1 |
| 2019 | 75.3 |
| 2020 | 74 |
| 2021 | 72.7 |
| 2022 | 75.3 |
| 2023 | 75.9 |
| 2024 | 76.1 |
| 2025 | 76.2 |
Romania's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 18,406,905 |
| 1961 | 18,555,250 |
| 1962 | 18,676,550 |
| 1963 | 18,797,850 |
| 1964 | 18,919,126 |
| 1965 | 19,031,576 |
| 1966 | 19,215,450 |
| 1967 | 19,534,242 |
| 1968 | 19,799,831 |
| 1969 | 20,009,141 |
| 1970 | 20,250,398 |
| 1971 | 20,461,567 |
| 1972 | 20,657,957 |
| 1973 | 20,835,681 |
| 1974 | 21,029,429 |
| 1975 | 21,293,583 |
| 1976 | 21,551,634 |
| 1977 | 21,756,096 |
| 1978 | 21,951,464 |
| 1979 | 22,090,488 |
| 1980 | 22,207,282 |
| 1981 | 22,353,070 |
| 1982 | 22,475,741 |
| 1983 | 22,560,478 |
| 1984 | 22,640,547 |
| 1985 | 22,732,999 |
| 1986 | 22,836,841 |
| 1987 | 22,949,430 |
| 1988 | 23,057,662 |
| 1989 | 23,161,458 |
| 1990 | 23,201,835 |
| 1991 | 23,001,155 |
| 1992 | 22,794,284 |
| 1993 | 22,763,280 |
| 1994 | 22,730,211 |
| 1995 | 22,684,270 |
| 1996 | 22,619,004 |
| 1997 | 22,553,978 |
| 1998 | 22,507,344 |
| 1999 | 22,472,040 |
| 2000 | 22,442,971 |
| 2001 | 22,131,970 |
| 2002 | 21,730,496 |
| 2003 | 21,574,326 |
| 2004 | 21,451,748 |
| 2005 | 21,319,685 |
| 2006 | 21,193,760 |
| 2007 | 20,882,982 |
| 2008 | 20,537,875 |
| 2009 | 20,367,487 |
| 2010 | 20,246,871 |
| 2011 | 20,147,528 |
| 2012 | 20,058,035 |
| 2013 | 19,983,693 |
| 2014 | 19,908,979 |
| 2015 | 19,815,616 |
| 2016 | 19,702,267 |
| 2017 | 19,588,715 |
| 2018 | 19,473,970 |
| 2019 | 19,371,648 |
| 2020 | 19,265,250 |
| 2021 | 19,122,059 |
| 2022 | 19,048,502 |
| 2023 | 19,059,479 |
| 2024 | 19,069,340 |
Romania's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 2.34 |
| 1961 | 2.17 |
| 1962 | 2.04 |
| 1963 | 2.01 |
| 1964 | 1.96 |
| 1965 | 1.91 |
| 1966 | 1.9 |
| 1967 | 3.66 |
| 1968 | 3.63 |
| 1969 | 3.19 |
| 1970 | 2.89 |
| 1971 | 2.67 |
| 1972 | 2.55 |
| 1973 | 2.44 |
| 1974 | 2.71 |
| 1975 | 2.59 |
| 1976 | 2.54 |
| 1977 | 2.57 |
| 1978 | 2.52 |
| 1979 | 2.49 |
| 1980 | 2.43 |
| 1981 | 2.36 |
| 1982 | 2.17 |
| 1983 | 2.06 |
| 1984 | 2.26 |
| 1985 | 2.31 |
| 1986 | 2.39 |
| 1987 | 2.38 |
| 1988 | 2.3 |
| 1989 | 2.22 |
| 1990 | 1.83 |
| 1991 | 1.59 |
| 1992 | 1.51 |
| 1993 | 1.43 |
| 1994 | 1.4 |
| 1995 | 1.33 |
| 1996 | 1.3 |
| 1997 | 1.32 |
| 1998 | 1.32 |
| 1999 | 1.3 |
| 2000 | 1.31 |
| 2001 | 1.27 |
| 2002 | 1.27 |
| 2003 | 1.3 |
| 2004 | 1.33 |
| 2005 | 1.4 |
| 2006 | 1.42 |
| 2007 | 1.45 |
| 2008 | 1.6 |
| 2009 | 1.66 |
| 2010 | 1.59 |
| 2011 | 1.47 |
| 2012 | 1.52 |
| 2013 | 1.46 |
| 2014 | 1.56 |
| 2015 | 1.62 |
| 2016 | 1.69 |
| 2017 | 1.78 |
| 2018 | 1.76 |
| 2019 | 1.77 |
| 2020 | 1.8 |
| 2021 | 1.81 |
| 2022 | 1.71 |
| 2023 | 1.71 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 28.5 |
| 1961 | 28.9 |
| 1962 | 29.3 |
| 1963 | 29.7 |
| 1964 | 30.2 |
| 1965 | 30.6 |
| 1966 | 31 |
| 1967 | 31.3 |
| 1968 | 31.3 |
| 1969 | 31.3 |
| 1970 | 31.4 |
| 1971 | 31.4 |
| 1972 | 31.5 |
| 1973 | 31.5 |
| 1974 | 31.6 |
| 1975 | 31.7 |
| 1976 | 31.8 |
| 1977 | 31.8 |
| 1978 | 31.7 |
| 1979 | 31.7 |
| 1980 | 31.8 |
| 1981 | 31.9 |
| 1982 | 32 |
| 1983 | 32.1 |
| 1984 | 32.3 |
| 1985 | 32.5 |
| 1986 | 32.7 |
| 1987 | 32.8 |
| 1988 | 32.8 |
| 1989 | 32.9 |
| 1990 | 33 |
| 1991 | 33.1 |
| 1992 | 33.3 |
| 1993 | 33.6 |
| 1994 | 33.8 |
| 1995 | 34 |
| 1996 | 34.2 |
| 1997 | 34.4 |
| 1998 | 34.6 |
| 1999 | 34.7 |
| 2000 | 34.8 |
| 2001 | 34.8 |
| 2002 | 35.3 |
| 2003 | 36 |
| 2004 | 36.6 |
| 2005 | 37 |
| 2006 | 37.3 |
| 2007 | 37.7 |
| 2008 | 38.2 |
| 2009 | 38.8 |
| 2010 | 39.3 |
| 2011 | 39.8 |
| 2012 | 40.2 |
| 2013 | 40.5 |
| 2014 | 40.9 |
| 2015 | 41.3 |
| 2016 | 41.7 |
| 2017 | 42 |
| 2018 | 42.3 |
| 2019 | 42.6 |
| 2020 | 42.9 |
| 2021 | 43.2 |
| 2022 | 43.3 |
| 2023 | 43.5 |
| 2024 | 43.8 |
Romania vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Romania with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Romania: National Statistics
Finance
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$336B
2024 |
44/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
39.2%
2025 |
55/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.28%
2022 |
129/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
1.61%
2023 |
82/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
128,000
2020 |
48/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-7.83%
2025 |
172/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.43%
2024 |
90/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
62.5%
2024 |
59/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
25%
2024 |
89/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
66.5
2025 |
57/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
21.8%
2023 |
160/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.4%
2023 |
109/169 |
| Number of billionaires |
6
2025 |
43/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.00004%
2025 |
51/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
83
2024 |
55/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$47.4B
2024 |
50/100 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$73.4B
2024 |
35/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$9.52B
2024 |
24/190 |
| International tourist arrivals |
5,023,000
2020 |
35/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
1.73%
2020 |
149/184 |
| Banked people share |
71.3%
2024 |
79/158 |
Energy
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,601 kg
2023 |
73/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$28.6
2023 |
10/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
70.8 megatons
2023 |
47/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
3.71 tons
2023 |
74/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
70.4%
2022 |
75/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
23.6%
2021 |
97/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
17.5%
2023 |
28/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
28.1%
2023 |
68/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
2,585 kWh
2023 |
71/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
44.9%
2021 |
68/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
32.2%
2023 |
65/192 |
| Nuclear share |
19.3%
2023 |
16/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
78/195 |
Society
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.23%
2024 |
67/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-28,466
2024 |
164/196 |
| Urban population |
54.9%
2024 |
122/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.83 ft
2025 |
36/190 |
| Average female height |
5.4 ft
2025 |
35/190 |
| Quality of life index |
67.7
2025 |
54/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
46
2024 |
83/197 |
| Higher education index |
69
2025 |
58/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.11
2023 |
144/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
10.3
2019 |
126/197 |
| Visa free countries |
171
2025 |
35/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.2%
2021 |
36/196 |
| English speaking |
31%
2023 |
85/197 |
| People using the Internet |
91.3%
2024 |
44/195 |
Health
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$902
2022 |
65/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$193.3
2022 |
72/191 |
| Life expectancy |
76.2 years
2025 |
80/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0%
2022 |
169/178 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.47
2021 |
40/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
27.1 years
2023 |
46/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
12
2023 |
144/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
6.6
2023 |
139/192 |
| Obesity rate |
35%
2022 |
27/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.5%
2024 |
121/195 |
| Air quality index |
50
2025 |
100/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
30%
2022 |
29/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
16.8 liters
2020 |
1/186 |
Territory
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.15%
2025 |
80/197 |
| Land area per capita |
4,658 sq mi
2024 |
93/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
49,093 sq mi
2025 |
65/194 |
| Forest area |
26,753 sq mi
2025 |
64/196 |
| Roads length |
53,679 mi
2023 |
58/175 |
Compare Romania with other countries
Relevant pages:
Romania topic pages:
Facts comparisons
