Romania is a high-income country with a population of 19.1M people. The capital and largest city is Bucharest, with 1.72M residents. Romania shares land borders with Moldova, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Serbia and Hungary.
Romania ranks 42/197 by GDP ($383B) and 58/197 by GDP per capita ($20,080). The top category for both exports and imports is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
18839108
|
70/197 |
| GDP |
$383B
2024 |
42/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$20,080
2024 |
58/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$49,077
2024 |
47/197 |
| Government debt |
$220B
2024 |
38/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
57.4%
2024 |
87/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$11,533
2024 |
48/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$13,912
2026 |
60/197 |
| Land area | 88,834 sq mi | 80/197 |
| Population density | 212.1 ppl/mi² | 107/197 |
| Fertility rate | 1.71 | 119/196 |
| Median age | 43.8 years | 23/196 |
| Life expectancy | 76.4 years | 81/197 |
Romania trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $382,564,217,989 |
| 2023 | $347,757,995,759 |
| 2022 | $295,319,437,557 |
| 2021 | $285,071,280,114 |
| 2020 | $250,625,048,304 |
| 2019 | $250,080,428,512 |
| 2018 | $241,791,427,224 |
| 2017 | $210,147,385,855 |
| 2016 | $185,290,759,249 |
| 2015 | $177,885,131,240 |
| 2014 | $199,722,319,676 |
| 2013 | $189,798,603,751 |
| 2012 | $179,117,323,107 |
| 2011 | $192,623,977,894 |
| 2010 | $170,064,350,672 |
| 2009 | $174,110,532,659 |
| 2008 | $214,315,932,061 |
| 2007 | $174,588,782,939 |
| 2006 | $122,023,735,993 |
| 2005 | $98,454,380,120 |
| 2004 | $74,973,656,852 |
| 2003 | $57,806,384,143 |
| 2002 | $46,065,502,703 |
| 2001 | $40,395,116,581 |
| 2000 | $37,253,739,511 |
| 1999 | $35,953,156,754 |
| 1998 | $41,696,091,974 |
| 1997 | $35,575,214,078 |
| 1996 | $36,937,074,278 |
| 1995 | $37,430,162,103 |
| 1994 | $30,072,805,104 |
| 1993 | $26,361,160,450 |
| 1992 | $25,121,666,667 |
| 1991 | $28,850,634,900 |
| 1990 | $38,247,882,300 |
| 1989 | $41,450,777,202 |
| 1988 | $40,424,528,302 |
| 1987 | $38,067,567,568 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1987–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/romania | CC BY 
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $20,080 |
| 2023 | $18,244 |
| 2022 | $15,504 |
| 2021 | $14,908 |
| 2020 | $13,009 |
| 2019 | $12,910 |
| 2018 | $12,416 |
| 2017 | $10,728 |
| 2016 | $9,405 |
| 2015 | $8,977 |
| 2014 | $10,032 |
| 2013 | $9,498 |
| 2012 | $8,930 |
| 2011 | $9,561 |
| 2010 | $8,400 |
| 2009 | $8,548 |
| 2008 | $10,435 |
| 2007 | $8,360 |
| 2006 | $5,758 |
| 2005 | $4,618 |
| 2004 | $3,495 |
| 2003 | $2,679 |
| 2002 | $2,120 |
| 2001 | $1,825 |
| 2000 | $1,660 |
| 1999 | $1,600 |
| 1998 | $1,853 |
| 1997 | $1,577 |
| 1996 | $1,633 |
| 1995 | $1,650 |
| 1994 | $1,323 |
| 1993 | $1,158 |
| 1992 | $1,102 |
| 1991 | $1,254 |
| 1990 | $1,648 |
| 1989 | $1,790 |
| 1988 | $1,753 |
| 1987 | $1,659 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1987–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/romania | CC BY
Romania's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 76.4 |
| 2025 | 76.2 |
| 2024 | 76.1 |
| 2023 | 75.9 |
| 2022 | 75.3 |
| 2021 | 72.7 |
| 2020 | 74 |
| 2019 | 75.3 |
| 2018 | 75.1 |
| 2017 | 75 |
| 2016 | 75 |
| 2015 | 74.7 |
| 2014 | 74.8 |
| 2013 | 74.9 |
| 2012 | 74.3 |
| 2011 | 74.3 |
| 2010 | 73.6 |
| 2009 | 73.5 |
| 2008 | 73.2 |
| 2007 | 72.8 |
| 2006 | 72.2 |
| 2005 | 71.6 |
| 2004 | 71.1 |
| 2003 | 70.8 |
| 2002 | 70.8 |
| 2001 | 71.1 |
| 2000 | 71.2 |
| 1999 | 70.6 |
| 1998 | 69.9 |
| 1997 | 69.1 |
| 1996 | 68.8 |
| 1995 | 69.3 |
| 1994 | 69.3 |
| 1993 | 69.5 |
| 1992 | 69.5 |
| 1991 | 70 |
| 1990 | 69.8 |
| 1989 | 69.5 |
| 1988 | 69.4 |
| 1987 | 69.1 |
| 1986 | 69.7 |
| 1985 | 69.4 |
| 1984 | 69.9 |
| 1983 | 69.8 |
| 1982 | 69.8 |
| 1981 | 69.5 |
| 1980 | 69.2 |
| 1979 | 69.5 |
| 1978 | 69.8 |
| 1977 | 69.5 |
| 1976 | 69.9 |
| 1975 | 69.6 |
| 1974 | 69.5 |
| 1973 | 68.7 |
| 1972 | 69 |
| 1971 | 68.4 |
| 1970 | 67.9 |
| 1969 | 67.2 |
| 1968 | 67.9 |
| 1967 | 68.1 |
| 1966 | 68.2 |
| 1965 | 68.4 |
| 1964 | 68.4 |
| 1963 | 67.8 |
| 1962 | 67.2 |
| 1961 | 66.4 |
| 1960 | 65.6 |
| 1959 | 64.9 |
| 1958 | 64.4 |
| 1957 | 64 |
| 1956 | 63.6 |
| 1955 | 63.3 |
| 1954 | 63 |
| 1953 | 62.5 |
| 1952 | 61.8 |
| 1951 | 61.2 |
| 1950 | 60.5 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/romania | CC BY
Romania's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 19,051,804 |
| 2023 | 19,061,062 |
| 2022 | 19,048,502 |
| 2021 | 19,122,059 |
| 2020 | 19,265,250 |
| 2019 | 19,371,648 |
| 2018 | 19,473,970 |
| 2017 | 19,588,715 |
| 2016 | 19,702,267 |
| 2015 | 19,815,616 |
| 2014 | 19,908,979 |
| 2013 | 19,983,693 |
| 2012 | 20,058,035 |
| 2011 | 20,147,528 |
| 2010 | 20,246,871 |
| 2009 | 20,367,487 |
| 2008 | 20,537,875 |
| 2007 | 20,882,982 |
| 2006 | 21,193,760 |
| 2005 | 21,319,685 |
| 2004 | 21,451,748 |
| 2003 | 21,574,326 |
| 2002 | 21,730,496 |
| 2001 | 22,131,970 |
| 2000 | 22,442,971 |
| 1999 | 22,472,040 |
| 1998 | 22,507,344 |
| 1997 | 22,553,978 |
| 1996 | 22,619,004 |
| 1995 | 22,684,270 |
| 1994 | 22,730,211 |
| 1993 | 22,763,280 |
| 1992 | 22,794,284 |
| 1991 | 23,001,155 |
| 1990 | 23,201,835 |
| 1989 | 23,161,458 |
| 1988 | 23,057,662 |
| 1987 | 22,949,430 |
| 1986 | 22,836,841 |
| 1985 | 22,732,999 |
| 1984 | 22,640,547 |
| 1983 | 22,560,478 |
| 1982 | 22,475,741 |
| 1981 | 22,353,070 |
| 1980 | 22,207,282 |
| 1979 | 22,090,488 |
| 1978 | 21,951,464 |
| 1977 | 21,756,096 |
| 1976 | 21,551,634 |
| 1975 | 21,293,583 |
| 1974 | 21,029,429 |
| 1973 | 20,835,681 |
| 1972 | 20,657,957 |
| 1971 | 20,461,567 |
| 1970 | 20,250,398 |
| 1969 | 20,009,141 |
| 1968 | 19,799,831 |
| 1967 | 19,534,242 |
| 1966 | 19,215,450 |
| 1965 | 19,031,576 |
| 1964 | 18,919,126 |
| 1963 | 18,797,850 |
| 1962 | 18,676,550 |
| 1961 | 18,555,250 |
| 1960 | 18,406,905 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/romania | CC BY
Romania's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 1.71 |
| 2022 | 1.71 |
| 2021 | 1.81 |
| 2020 | 1.8 |
| 2019 | 1.77 |
| 2018 | 1.76 |
| 2017 | 1.78 |
| 2016 | 1.69 |
| 2015 | 1.62 |
| 2014 | 1.56 |
| 2013 | 1.46 |
| 2012 | 1.52 |
| 2011 | 1.47 |
| 2010 | 1.59 |
| 2009 | 1.66 |
| 2008 | 1.6 |
| 2007 | 1.45 |
| 2006 | 1.42 |
| 2005 | 1.4 |
| 2004 | 1.33 |
| 2003 | 1.3 |
| 2002 | 1.27 |
| 2001 | 1.27 |
| 2000 | 1.31 |
| 1999 | 1.3 |
| 1998 | 1.32 |
| 1997 | 1.32 |
| 1996 | 1.3 |
| 1995 | 1.33 |
| 1994 | 1.4 |
| 1993 | 1.43 |
| 1992 | 1.51 |
| 1991 | 1.59 |
| 1990 | 1.83 |
| 1989 | 2.22 |
| 1988 | 2.3 |
| 1987 | 2.38 |
| 1986 | 2.39 |
| 1985 | 2.31 |
| 1984 | 2.26 |
| 1983 | 2.06 |
| 1982 | 2.17 |
| 1981 | 2.36 |
| 1980 | 2.43 |
| 1979 | 2.49 |
| 1978 | 2.52 |
| 1977 | 2.57 |
| 1976 | 2.54 |
| 1975 | 2.59 |
| 1974 | 2.71 |
| 1973 | 2.44 |
| 1972 | 2.55 |
| 1971 | 2.67 |
| 1970 | 2.89 |
| 1969 | 3.19 |
| 1968 | 3.63 |
| 1967 | 3.66 |
| 1966 | 1.9 |
| 1965 | 1.91 |
| 1964 | 1.96 |
| 1963 | 2.01 |
| 1962 | 2.04 |
| 1961 | 2.17 |
| 1960 | 2.34 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/romania | CC BY
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 43.8 |
| 2023 | 43.5 |
| 2022 | 43.3 |
| 2021 | 43.2 |
| 2020 | 42.9 |
| 2019 | 42.6 |
| 2018 | 42.3 |
| 2017 | 42 |
| 2016 | 41.7 |
| 2015 | 41.3 |
| 2014 | 40.9 |
| 2013 | 40.5 |
| 2012 | 40.2 |
| 2011 | 39.8 |
| 2010 | 39.3 |
| 2009 | 38.8 |
| 2008 | 38.2 |
| 2007 | 37.7 |
| 2006 | 37.3 |
| 2005 | 37 |
| 2004 | 36.6 |
| 2003 | 36 |
| 2002 | 35.3 |
| 2001 | 34.8 |
| 2000 | 34.8 |
| 1999 | 34.7 |
| 1998 | 34.6 |
| 1997 | 34.4 |
| 1996 | 34.2 |
| 1995 | 34 |
| 1994 | 33.8 |
| 1993 | 33.6 |
| 1992 | 33.3 |
| 1991 | 33.1 |
| 1990 | 33 |
| 1989 | 32.9 |
| 1988 | 32.8 |
| 1987 | 32.8 |
| 1986 | 32.7 |
| 1985 | 32.5 |
| 1984 | 32.3 |
| 1983 | 32.1 |
| 1982 | 32 |
| 1981 | 31.9 |
| 1980 | 31.8 |
| 1979 | 31.7 |
| 1978 | 31.7 |
| 1977 | 31.8 |
| 1976 | 31.8 |
| 1975 | 31.7 |
| 1974 | 31.6 |
| 1973 | 31.5 |
| 1972 | 31.5 |
| 1971 | 31.4 |
| 1970 | 31.4 |
| 1969 | 31.3 |
| 1968 | 31.3 |
| 1967 | 31.3 |
| 1966 | 31 |
| 1965 | 30.6 |
| 1964 | 30.2 |
| 1963 | 29.7 |
| 1962 | 29.3 |
| 1961 | 28.9 |
| 1960 | 28.5 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/romania | CC BY
Romania vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Romania with other countries.
Romania: National Statistics
Finance
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$335B
2024 |
44/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
39.9%
2024 |
51/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.28%
2022 |
129/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
2.3%
2024 |
51/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
128,000
2020 |
48/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-8.68%
2024 |
175/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.43%
2024 |
92/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
62.6%
2024 |
60/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
25.3%
2024 |
85/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
65.4
2026 |
64/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
21.8%
2023 |
160/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.4%
2023 |
109/169 |
| Number of billionaires |
6
2025 |
43/78 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.00004%
2025 |
51/78 |
| Listed domestic companies |
83
2024 |
55/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$47.4B
2024 |
50/100 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$73.4B
2024 |
35/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$9.53B
2024 |
23/191 |
| International tourist arrivals |
5,023,000
2020 |
35/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
1.73%
2020 |
149/184 |
| Banked people share |
71.3%
2024 |
79/158 |
Energy
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,601 kg
2023 |
74/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$28.7
2023 |
10/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
70.9 megatons
2024 |
48/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
3.72 tons
2024 |
71/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
70.4%
2022 |
75/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
23.6%
2021 |
97/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
17.5%
2023 |
28/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
28.1%
2023 |
68/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
2,585 kWh
2023 |
72/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
44.9%
2021 |
68/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
32.2%
2023 |
65/192 |
| Nuclear share |
19.3%
2023 |
16/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
78/195 |
Society
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.23%
2024 |
67/197 |
| Annual migration change |
-29,041
2025 |
163/196 |
| Urban population |
52.2%
2024 |
132/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
48.4:51.6
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.83 ft
2025 |
36/190 |
| Average female height |
5.4 ft
2025 |
35/190 |
| Quality of life index |
71.2
2026 |
48/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
45
2025 |
85/197 |
| Higher education index |
69
2026 |
59/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.12
2024 |
144/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
10.3
2019 |
126/197 |
| Visa free countries |
170
2025 |
34/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.2%
2021 |
36/196 |
| English speaking |
31%
2023 |
85/197 |
| People using the Internet |
91.3%
2024 |
44/195 |
Health
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$1,051
2023 |
63/192 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$241.3
2023 |
66/192 |
| Life expectancy |
76.4 years
2026 |
81/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0%
2023 |
172/181 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.63
2022 |
41/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
27.1 years
2023 |
46/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
12
2023 |
144/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
6.6
2023 |
139/192 |
| Obesity rate |
35%
2022 |
27/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.5%
2024 |
121/195 |
| Air quality index |
50
2026 |
100/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
30%
2022 |
29/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
16.8 liters
2020 |
1/186 |
Territory
|
Romania
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.15%
2026 |
80/197 |
| Land area per capita |
4,663 sq mi
2024 |
93/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
49,093 sq mi
2026 |
65/194 |
| Forest area |
26,753 sq mi
2026 |
64/196 |
| Roads length |
53,964 mi
2024 |
59/176 |
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- Wikidata (2021, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
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