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Estonia vs Portugal statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 10.7M in Portugal (ranked 90/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 35,369 sq mi for Portugal (ranked 129th vs. 108th).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 102/197 ($42.8B) and Portugal ranks 47/197 ($309B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,170), while Portugal ranks 44/197 ($28,844).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia Portugal
Population
1355535
10687819
Population rank 155/197 92/197
GDP
$42.8B
2024
$309B
2024
GDP rank 102/197 47/197
GDP per capita
$31,170
2024
$28,844
2024
GDP per capita rank 40/197 44/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,334
2024
$50,617
2024
Government debt
$10.1B
2024
$293B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.4%
2025
91.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,362
2024
$27,381
2024
Government debt per person rank 66/185 26/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$21,368
2025
$15,657
2025
Land area
16,498 sq mi
2025
35,369 sq mi
2025
Population density
83.2 ppl/mi²
2024
303 ppl/mi²
2024
Fertility rate
1.31
2023
1.44
2023
Median age
43.3 years
2024
47.5 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.5 years
2025
82.7 years
2025

Estonia and Portugal: Comparison Charts

Estonia and Portugal economies compared

GDP
Estonia

Portugal
Year GDP
Estonia Portugal
1960 - $3,339,150,158
1961 - $3,573,719,085
1962 - $3,835,883,663
1963 - $4,084,251,593
1964 - $4,429,202,657
1965 - $4,901,711,248
1966 - $5,370,108,031
1967 - $6,002,607,030
1968 - $6,644,693,214
1969 - $7,287,555,035
1970 - $8,108,235,704
1971 - $9,201,604,240
1972 - $11,239,117,865
1973 - $15,090,564,186
1974 - $17,512,391,476
1975 - $19,347,607,843
1976 - $20,332,831,565
1977 - $21,439,523,311
1978 - $23,487,614,051
1979 - $26,622,819,672
1980 - $32,896,519,824
1981 - $31,977,276,873
1982 - $30,527,754,793
1983 - $27,239,650,742
1984 - $25,217,969,050
1985 - $27,115,807,742
1986 - $38,745,901,354
1987 - $48,182,925,857
1988 - $56,347,250,696
1989 - $60,594,092,182
1990 - $78,713,860,217
1991 - $89,233,599,278
1992 - $107,592,098,307
1993 $4,013,091,682 $95,009,751,901
1994 $4,123,011,420 $99,688,641,304
1995 $4,502,970,889 $118,122,007,430
1996 $4,786,018,988 $122,630,089,680
1997 $5,154,420,649 $117,016,535,163
1998 $5,674,080,543 $123,946,327,916
1999 $5,756,912,266 $127,470,385,557
2000 $5,686,579,748 $118,605,192,877
2001 $6,250,218,423 $121,604,107,165
2002 $7,370,119,619 $134,795,565,549
2003 $9,876,595,528 $165,226,175,537
2004 $12,148,595,031 $189,382,122,532
2005 $14,109,491,357 $197,253,876,705
2006 $17,025,671,810 $208,756,449,276
2007 $22,450,264,166 $240,496,147,317
2008 $24,342,935,404 $263,416,394,624
2009 $19,633,984,440 $244,667,762,836
2010 $19,524,355,419 $238,443,864,993
2011 $23,303,915,795 $245,426,767,676
2012 $23,237,406,116 $216,536,676,772
2013 $25,451,032,781 $226,677,408,292
2014 $27,055,689,003 $230,078,616,300
2015 $23,311,847,751 $199,038,523,120
2016 $24,561,027,788 $206,305,431,242
2017 $27,469,461,919 $220,862,990,767
2018 $31,222,632,741 $242,092,894,543
2019 $31,873,748,770 $240,115,970,063
2020 $31,820,771,494 $229,618,773,423
2021 $37,204,563,051 $256,055,879,091
2022 $38,376,046,175 $256,898,675,069
2023 $41,291,245,222 $289,696,962,620
2024 $42,764,929,169 $308,683,317,393

Estonia and Portugal economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

Portugal
Year GDP per capita
Estonia Portugal
1960 - $377
1961 - $400
1962 - $426
1963 - $452
1964 - $490
1965 - $545
1966 - $601
1967 - $676
1968 - $752
1969 - $832
1970 - $934
1971 - $1,065
1972 - $1,302
1973 - $1,748
1974 - $2,000
1975 - $2,128
1976 - $2,173
1977 - $2,267
1978 - $2,457
1979 - $2,756
1980 - $3,368
1981 - $3,246
1982 - $3,080
1983 - $2,735
1984 - $2,523
1985 - $2,705
1986 - $3,862
1987 - $4,804
1988 - $5,624
1989 - $6,056
1990 - $7,885
1991 - $8,959
1992 - $10,811
1993 $2,686 $9,535
1994 $2,819 $9,977
1995 $3,134 $11,781
1996 $3,381 $12,185
1997 $3,683 $11,576
1998 $4,093 $12,199
1999 $4,141 $12,475
2000 $4,071 $11,526
2001 $4,503 $11,735
2002 $5,343 $12,937
2003 $7,205 $15,798
2004 $8,916 $18,064
2005 $10,415 $18,780
2006 $12,641 $19,839
2007 $16,745 $22,811
2008 $18,206 $24,949
2009 $14,712 $23,151
2010 $14,664 $22,552
2011 $17,556 $23,247
2012 $17,568 $20,593
2013 $19,310 $21,676
2014 $20,582 $22,121
2015 $17,722 $19,216
2016 $18,666 $19,980
2017 $20,852 $21,442
2018 $23,618 $23,541
2019 $24,021 $23,343
2020 $23,934 $22,299
2021 $27,954 $24,711
2022 $28,451 $24,621
2023 $30,133 $27,386
2024 $31,170 $28,844

Estonia vs. Portugal life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

Portugal
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia Portugal
1950 66.4 58.5
1951 66.8 58.7
1952 67.2 59.8
1953 67.5 61.1
1954 67.8 62.2
1955 68.2 61.4
1956 68.5 61.2
1957 68.8 61.4
1958 68.8 63.7
1959 68.7 62.9
1960 69.3 64.1
1961 69.6 62.8
1962 69.8 64.3
1963 69.9 64.9
1964 70.6 65.1
1965 70.7 66.1
1966 70.7 65.6
1967 71 66.5
1968 70.6 66.8
1969 70.3 66.4
1970 70.4 67.1
1971 70.6 66.8
1972 70.4 69.2
1973 70.7 68.6
1974 70.8 69.1
1975 70.1 68.8
1976 69.7 69.1
1977 69.8 70.3
1978 69.7 70.8
1979 69.4 71.6
1980 69.5 71.7
1981 69.3 71.9
1982 69.9 72.7
1983 69.8 72.7
1984 69.6 72.9
1985 69.8 73.2
1986 70.9 73.6
1987 70.9 74.1
1988 71 74.1
1989 70.5 74.7
1990 69.9 74.3
1991 69.8 74.2
1992 69.2 74.9
1993 68.2 74.8
1994 66.7 75.7
1995 67.8 75.5
1996 70 75.5
1997 70.2 75.9
1998 69.8 76.1
1999 70.7 76.3
2000 71 76.8
2001 70.8 77.2
2002 71.4 77.4
2003 71.9 77.6
2004 72.4 78.4
2005 73 78.3
2006 73.2 79.1
2007 73.2 79.3
2008 74.3 79.6
2009 75.2 79.8
2010 75.9 80.1
2011 76.3 80.6
2012 76.4 80.6
2013 77.3 80.9
2014 77.1 81.3
2015 77.7 81.3
2016 77.8 81.4
2017 78.2 81.7
2018 78.3 81.6
2019 78.8 82
2020 78.9 81.4
2021 77.4 81.4
2022 78.2 81.2
2023 79.2 82.4
2024 79.3 82.6
2025 79.5 82.7

Estonia and Portugal population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

Portugal
Year Population
Estonia Portugal
1960 1,211,537 8,857,716
1961 1,225,077 8,929,316
1962 1,241,623 8,993,985
1963 1,258,857 9,030,355
1964 1,277,086 9,035,365
1965 1,294,566 8,998,595
1966 1,308,597 8,930,990
1967 1,318,946 8,874,520
1968 1,331,214 8,836,650
1969 1,345,249 8,757,705
1970 1,360,076 8,680,431
1971 1,376,955 8,643,756
1972 1,392,518 8,630,430
1973 1,405,951 8,633,100
1974 1,418,169 8,754,365
1975 1,429,352 9,093,470
1976 1,439,576 9,355,810
1977 1,450,211 9,455,675
1978 1,460,188 9,558,250
1979 1,468,333 9,661,265
1980 1,477,219 9,766,312
1981 1,487,666 9,851,362
1982 1,498,414 9,911,771
1983 1,508,745 9,957,865
1984 1,518,617 9,996,232
1985 1,528,781 10,023,613
1986 1,540,190 10,032,734
1987 1,552,221 10,030,031
1988 1,561,900 10,019,610
1989 1,568,131 10,005,000
1990 1,569,174 9,983,218
1991 1,561,314 9,960,235
1992 1,533,091 9,952,494
1993 1,494,128 9,964,675
1994 1,462,514 9,991,525
1995 1,436,634 10,026,176
1996 1,415,594 10,063,945
1997 1,399,535 10,108,977
1998 1,386,156 10,160,196
1999 1,390,244 10,217,828
2000 1,396,985 10,289,898
2001 1,388,115 10,362,722
2002 1,379,350 10,419,631
2003 1,370,720 10,458,821
2004 1,362,550 10,483,861
2005 1,354,775 10,503,330
2006 1,346,810 10,522,288
2007 1,340,680 10,542,964
2008 1,337,090 10,558,177
2009 1,334,515 10,568,247
2010 1,331,475 10,573,100
2011 1,327,439 10,557,560
2012 1,322,696 10,514,844
2013 1,317,997 10,457,295
2014 1,314,545 10,401,062
2015 1,315,407 10,358,076
2016 1,315,790 10,325,452
2017 1,317,384 10,300,300
2018 1,321,977 10,283,822
2019 1,326,898 10,286,263
2020 1,329,522 10,297,081
2021 1,330,932 10,361,831
2022 1,348,840 10,434,332
2023 1,370,286 10,578,174
2024 1,371,986 10,701,636

Fertility rates in Estonia and Portugal

Fertility rate
Estonia

Portugal
Year Fertility rate
Estonia Portugal
1960 1.98 3.16
1961 1.98 3.21
1962 1.95 3.23
1963 1.89 3.12
1964 1.94 3.21
1965 1.88 3.15
1966 1.87 3.16
1967 1.9 3.16
1968 2.03 3.12
1969 2.13 3.12
1970 2.17 3.01
1971 2.19 3
1972 2.13 2.86
1973 2.06 2.77
1974 2.07 2.7
1975 2.04 2.75
1976 2.07 2.82
1977 2.06 2.69
1978 2.02 2.45
1979 2 2.31
1980 2.02 2.25
1981 2.07 2.13
1982 2.07 2.07
1983 2.16 1.95
1984 2.17 1.9
1985 2.13 1.72
1986 2.18 1.66
1987 2.27 1.62
1988 2.27 1.61
1989 2.22 1.57
1990 2.05 1.56
1991 1.8 1.56
1992 1.71 1.54
1993 1.49 1.52
1994 1.42 1.45
1995 1.38 1.41
1996 1.37 1.44
1997 1.32 1.47
1998 1.28 1.47
1999 1.3 1.5
2000 1.36 1.55
2001 1.32 1.45
2002 1.36 1.46
2003 1.37 1.44
2004 1.47 1.4
2005 1.52 1.41
2006 1.58 1.37
2007 1.69 1.35
2008 1.72 1.39
2009 1.7 1.34
2010 1.72 1.39
2011 1.61 1.35
2012 1.56 1.28
2013 1.52 1.21
2014 1.54 1.24
2015 1.58 1.31
2016 1.6 1.37
2017 1.59 1.38
2018 1.67 1.42
2019 1.66 1.44
2020 1.58 1.42
2021 1.61 1.35
2022 1.41 1.43
2023 1.31 1.44

Estonia and Portugal demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

Portugal
Year Median age, years
Estonia Portugal
1960 32.2 27.9
1961 32.4 28.1
1962 32.5 28.3
1963 32.7 28.5
1964 32.8 28.7
1965 33 28.8
1966 33.2 29
1967 33.4 29.1
1968 33.6 29.2
1969 33.7 29.4
1970 33.7 29.6
1971 33.8 29.7
1972 33.9 29.6
1973 34.1 29.6
1974 34.2 29.7
1975 34.2 29.7
1976 34.3 29.8
1977 34.3 29.9
1978 34.2 30
1979 34 30.3
1980 33.9 30.6
1981 33.8 30.8
1982 33.8 31.1
1983 33.9 31.4
1984 33.9 31.7
1985 33.9 32.1
1986 34 32.5
1987 34 32.9
1988 34.1 33.3
1989 34.2 33.7
1990 34.3 34.2
1991 34.6 34.6
1992 35 35
1993 35.6 35.4
1994 36 35.7
1995 36.3 36.1
1996 36.7 36.4
1997 37 36.8
1998 37.3 37.1
1999 37.6 37.4
2000 38 37.7
2001 38.3 38
2002 38.5 38.3
2003 38.8 38.6
2004 39.1 39
2005 39.3 39.4
2006 39.6 39.8
2007 39.7 40.2
2008 39.8 40.6
2009 40 41
2010 40.3 41.5
2011 40.6 41.9
2012 40.9 42.4
2013 41.1 42.9
2014 41.4 43.4
2015 41.5 43.8
2016 41.7 44.3
2017 41.9 44.7
2018 42 45.2
2019 42.2 45.6
2020 42.4 46.1
2021 42.5 46.5
2022 42.7 46.8
2023 42.9 47.2
2024 43.3 47.5

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Estonia and Portugal.

GDP per capita

GDP

Life expectancy

Population

Population density

Fertility rate

Median age

Land area

National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia Portugal
GNI, Atlas method
$39.4B
2024
$285B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.4%
2025
43.7%
2025
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
4.55%
2022
Military expenditure, % of GDP
2.87%
2023
1.52%
2023
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
52,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-2.69%
2025
+0.52%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2024
6.43%
2024
Services, % of GDP
65.1%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.5%
2024
18.4%
2024
Economic freedom index
78.9
2025
70.5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
26.9%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
2.7%
2023
Number of millionaires n/a
171,797
2024
Percentage of millionaires n/a
1.95%
2024
Number of billionaires
2
2025
1
2025
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
0.00001%
2025
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
40
2018
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$61.9B
2018
Total reserves including gold
$2.07B
2024
$42.4B
2024
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$1.8B
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
4,208,000
2020
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
12.2%
2020
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
91.4%
2024

Energy

Estonia Portugal
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,089 kg
2023
1,853 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$15.1
2023
$25.6
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
11.4 megatons
2023
36.2 megatons
2023
CO2 emissions per capita
8.35 tons
2023
3.42 tons
2023
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
63.1%
2023
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
32.3%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
2.9%
2023
14.9%
2023
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
77.2%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,722 kWh
2023
5,146 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
64.9%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.42%
2023
30.3%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia Portugal
% of world population
0.02%
2024
0.13%
2024
Annual migration change
-7,742
2024
+20,648
2024
Urban population
70%
2024
68.4%
2024
Male:Female ratio
50:50
2024
50:50
2024
Average male height
6 ft
2025
5.72 ft
2025
Average female height
5.53 ft
2025
5.29 ft
2025
Quality of life index
82
2025
77.3
2025
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2024
57
2024
Higher education index
81
2025
87
2025
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
0.8
2021
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
8.2
2019
Visa free countries
173
2025
175
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
96.8%
2021
English speaking
50.2%
2023
27.3%
2023
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
88.5%
2024

Health

Estonia Portugal
Government health expenditure per capita
$1,999
2022
$2,744
2023
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$463
2022
$817
2023
Life expectancy
79.5 years
2025
82.7 years
2025
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.01%
2022
0.08%
2022
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.44
2021
5.77
2021
Age at first childbirth
28.7 years
2023
30.2 years
2023
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
15
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
2.1
2023
3.2
2023
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
22.5%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
10.5%
2024
Air quality index
95
2025
82
2025
Tobacco use prevalence
28.3%
2022
25.6%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
8.88 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia Portugal
% of world land
0.03%
2025
0.06%
2025
Land area per capita
12,025 sq mi
2024
3,305 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2025
15,328 sq mi
2025
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2025
12,788 sq mi
2025

In-depth comparisons

Facts comparisons

Facts vs Estonia vs Portugal
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