Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 18M in The Netherlands (ranked 72/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 13,000 sq mi for The Netherlands (ranked 129th vs. 134th).
By GDP, Estonia ranks 100/197 ($43.1B) and The Netherlands ranks 19/197 ($1.21T). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,428), while The Netherlands ranks 13/197 ($67,520).
Main facts and rankings
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
1339590
|
18252623
|
| Population rank | 155/197 | 72/197 |
| GDP |
$43.1B
2024 |
$1.21T
2024 |
| GDP rank | 100/197 | 19/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$31,428
2024 |
$67,520
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 40/197 | 13/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$49,969
2024 |
$86,174
2024 |
| Government debt |
$10.1B
2024 |
$532B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
23.4%
2024 |
43.8%
2024 |
| Government debt per person |
$7,356
2024 |
$29,571
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank | 65/185 | 24/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$23,740
2026 |
$47,815
2026 |
| Land area | 16,498 sq mi | 13,000 sq mi |
| Population density |
81.2 ppl/mi²
2026 |
1,402 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.31
2023 |
1.43
2023 |
| Median age |
43.3 years
2024 |
42.4 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
79.6 years
2026 |
82.6 years
2026 |
Estonia and Netherlands: Comparison Charts
Estonia and Netherlands economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
| 2024 | $43,130,419,829 | $1,214,927,698,573 |
| 2023 | $41,470,344,395 | $1,135,475,867,551 |
| 2022 | $38,226,641,740 | $1,046,540,797,549 |
| 2021 | $37,201,101,171 | $1,054,472,123,450 |
| 2020 | $31,820,771,494 | $932,560,861,701 |
| 2019 | $31,873,748,770 | $928,903,005,576 |
| 2018 | $31,222,632,741 | $929,733,599,797 |
| 2017 | $27,469,461,919 | $848,233,537,846 |
| 2016 | $24,561,027,788 | $797,163,949,290 |
| 2015 | $23,311,847,751 | $775,743,675,303 |
| 2014 | $27,055,689,003 | $901,556,501,756 |
| 2013 | $25,451,032,781 | $883,951,539,007 |
| 2012 | $23,237,406,116 | $845,689,017,066 |
| 2011 | $23,303,915,795 | $913,140,741,333 |
| 2010 | $19,524,355,419 | $852,464,982,433 |
| 2009 | $19,633,984,440 | $878,954,223,140 |
| 2008 | $24,342,935,404 | $957,901,566,041 |
| 2007 | $22,450,264,166 | $853,499,460,873 |
| 2006 | $17,025,671,810 | $737,593,995,289 |
| 2005 | $14,109,491,357 | $688,133,699,636 |
| 2004 | $12,148,595,031 | $661,224,886,143 |
| 2003 | $9,876,595,528 | $582,435,617,082 |
| 2002 | $7,370,119,619 | $475,529,972,123 |
| 2001 | $6,250,218,423 | $432,536,219,669 |
| 2000 | $5,686,579,748 | $417,649,282,154 |
| 1999 | $5,756,912,266 | $447,778,514,140 |
| 1998 | $5,674,080,543 | $438,612,530,549 |
| 1997 | $5,154,420,649 | $417,506,211,882 |
| 1996 | $4,786,018,988 | $451,372,549,020 |
| 1995 | $4,502,970,889 | $452,967,334,614 |
| 1994 | $4,123,011,420 | $379,688,232,232 |
| 1993 | $4,013,091,682 | $354,070,495,966 |
| 1992 | - | $363,497,050,125 |
| 1991 | - | $327,982,316,124 |
| 1990 | - | $318,799,003,994 |
| 1989 | - | $258,716,904,292 |
| 1988 | - | $262,295,966,105 |
| 1987 | - | $245,406,949,521 |
| 1986 | - | $201,157,708,221 |
| 1985 | - | $144,057,523,222 |
| 1984 | - | $144,124,462,912 |
| 1983 | - | $153,671,294,109 |
| 1982 | - | $158,712,765,536 |
| 1981 | - | $164,375,775,854 |
| 1980 | - | $195,439,301,707 |
| 1979 | - | $179,933,827,310 |
| 1978 | - | $156,089,077,205 |
| 1977 | - | $127,203,923,857 |
| 1976 | - | $109,329,386,564 |
| 1975 | - | $100,397,061,694 |
| 1974 | - | $87,371,810,804 |
| 1973 | - | $71,946,639,603 |
| 1972 | - | $54,787,070,173 |
| 1971 | - | $44,644,730,576 |
| 1970 | - | $38,220,884,519 |
| 1969 | - | $34,086,038,090 |
| 1968 | - | $30,097,635,751 |
| 1967 | - | $27,143,828,099 |
| 1966 | - | $24,741,480,717 |
| 1965 | - | $22,721,869,808 |
| 1964 | - | $20,232,048,553 |
| 1963 | - | $17,193,744,109 |
| 1962 | - | $15,847,582,341 |
| 1961 | - | $14,599,836,396 |
| 1960 | - | $13,282,979,015 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/netherlands | CC BY 
Estonia and Netherlands economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
| 2024 | $31,428 | $67,520 |
| 2023 | $30,264 | $63,516 |
| 2022 | $28,340 | $59,123 |
| 2021 | $27,951 | $60,142 |
| 2020 | $23,934 | $53,468 |
| 2019 | $24,021 | $53,555 |
| 2018 | $23,618 | $53,955 |
| 2017 | $20,852 | $49,514 |
| 2016 | $18,666 | $46,809 |
| 2015 | $17,722 | $45,794 |
| 2014 | $20,582 | $53,457 |
| 2013 | $19,310 | $52,602 |
| 2012 | $17,568 | $50,474 |
| 2011 | $17,556 | $54,702 |
| 2010 | $14,664 | $51,306 |
| 2009 | $14,712 | $53,172 |
| 2008 | $18,206 | $58,247 |
| 2007 | $16,745 | $52,101 |
| 2006 | $12,641 | $45,124 |
| 2005 | $10,415 | $42,165 |
| 2004 | $8,916 | $40,611 |
| 2003 | $7,205 | $35,897 |
| 2002 | $5,343 | $29,447 |
| 2001 | $4,503 | $26,956 |
| 2000 | $4,071 | $26,225 |
| 1999 | $4,141 | $28,319 |
| 1998 | $4,093 | $27,924 |
| 1997 | $3,683 | $26,745 |
| 1996 | $3,381 | $29,064 |
| 1995 | $3,134 | $29,301 |
| 1994 | $2,819 | $24,683 |
| 1993 | $2,686 | $23,156 |
| 1992 | - | $23,939 |
| 1991 | - | $21,764 |
| 1990 | - | $21,322 |
| 1989 | - | $17,423 |
| 1988 | - | $17,771 |
| 1987 | - | $16,734 |
| 1986 | - | $13,804 |
| 1985 | - | $9,941 |
| 1984 | - | $9,992 |
| 1983 | - | $10,696 |
| 1982 | - | $11,089 |
| 1981 | - | $11,537 |
| 1980 | - | $13,812 |
| 1979 | - | $12,817 |
| 1978 | - | $11,196 |
| 1977 | - | $9,180 |
| 1976 | - | $7,937 |
| 1975 | - | $7,346 |
| 1974 | - | $6,450 |
| 1973 | - | $5,353 |
| 1972 | - | $4,110 |
| 1971 | - | $3,384 |
| 1970 | - | $2,931 |
| 1969 | - | $2,647 |
| 1968 | - | $2,364 |
| 1967 | - | $2,155 |
| 1966 | - | $1,986 |
| 1965 | - | $1,848 |
| 1964 | - | $1,668 |
| 1963 | - | $1,437 |
| 1962 | - | $1,342 |
| 1961 | - | $1,254 |
| 1960 | - | $1,156 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/netherlands | CC BY
Estonia vs. Netherlands life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
| 2026 | 79.6 | 82.6 |
| 2025 | 79.5 | 82.4 |
| 2024 | 79.3 | 82.3 |
| 2023 | 79.2 | 82.2 |
| 2022 | 78.2 | 81.9 |
| 2021 | 77.4 | 81.4 |
| 2020 | 78.9 | 81.4 |
| 2019 | 78.8 | 82.1 |
| 2018 | 78.3 | 81.8 |
| 2017 | 78.2 | 81.7 |
| 2016 | 77.8 | 81.6 |
| 2015 | 77.7 | 81.5 |
| 2014 | 77.1 | 81.7 |
| 2013 | 77.3 | 81.3 |
| 2012 | 76.4 | 81.1 |
| 2011 | 76.3 | 81.1 |
| 2010 | 75.9 | 80.8 |
| 2009 | 75.2 | 80.7 |
| 2008 | 74.3 | 80.4 |
| 2007 | 73.2 | 80.3 |
| 2006 | 73.2 | 79.8 |
| 2005 | 73 | 79.5 |
| 2004 | 72.4 | 79.2 |
| 2003 | 71.9 | 78.7 |
| 2002 | 71.4 | 78.4 |
| 2001 | 70.8 | 78.3 |
| 2000 | 71 | 78.1 |
| 1999 | 70.7 | 78 |
| 1998 | 69.8 | 78 |
| 1997 | 70.2 | 77.9 |
| 1996 | 70 | 77.6 |
| 1995 | 67.8 | 77.6 |
| 1994 | 66.7 | 77.5 |
| 1993 | 68.2 | 77 |
| 1992 | 69.2 | 77.4 |
| 1991 | 69.8 | 77.2 |
| 1990 | 69.9 | 77 |
| 1989 | 70.5 | 76.8 |
| 1988 | 71 | 77 |
| 1987 | 70.9 | 76.8 |
| 1986 | 70.9 | 76.4 |
| 1985 | 69.8 | 76.4 |
| 1984 | 69.6 | 76.3 |
| 1983 | 69.8 | 76.3 |
| 1982 | 69.9 | 76.1 |
| 1981 | 69.3 | 76 |
| 1980 | 69.5 | 75.8 |
| 1979 | 69.4 | 75.6 |
| 1978 | 69.7 | 75.2 |
| 1977 | 69.8 | 75.3 |
| 1976 | 69.7 | 74.7 |
| 1975 | 70.1 | 74.6 |
| 1974 | 70.8 | 74.6 |
| 1973 | 70.7 | 74.2 |
| 1972 | 70.4 | 73.8 |
| 1971 | 70.6 | 73.9 |
| 1970 | 70.4 | 73.6 |
| 1969 | 70.3 | 73.6 |
| 1968 | 70.6 | 73.6 |
| 1967 | 71 | 73.8 |
| 1966 | 70.7 | 73.6 |
| 1965 | 70.7 | 73.6 |
| 1964 | 70.6 | 73.7 |
| 1963 | 69.9 | 73.4 |
| 1962 | 69.8 | 73.2 |
| 1961 | 69.6 | 73.6 |
| 1960 | 69.3 | 73.4 |
| 1959 | 68.7 | 73.2 |
| 1958 | 68.8 | 73.1 |
| 1957 | 68.8 | 73 |
| 1956 | 68.5 | 72.5 |
| 1955 | 68.2 | 72.5 |
| 1954 | 67.8 | 72.4 |
| 1953 | 67.5 | 71.7 |
| 1952 | 67.2 | 72.1 |
| 1951 | 66.8 | 71.5 |
| 1950 | 66.4 | 71.4 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/netherlands | CC BY
Estonia and Netherlands population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
| 2024 | 1,372,341 | 17,993,485 |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 | 17,877,117 |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 | 17,700,982 |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 | 17,533,044 |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 | 17,441,500 |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 | 17,344,874 |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 | 17,231,624 |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 | 17,131,296 |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 | 17,030,314 |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 | 16,939,923 |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 | 16,865,008 |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 | 16,804,432 |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 | 16,754,962 |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 | 16,693,074 |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 | 16,615,394 |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 | 16,530,388 |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 | 16,445,593 |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 | 16,381,696 |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 | 16,346,101 |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 | 16,319,868 |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 | 16,281,779 |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 | 16,225,302 |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 | 16,148,929 |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 | 16,046,180 |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 | 15,925,513 |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 | 15,812,088 |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 | 15,707,209 |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 | 15,610,650 |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 | 15,530,498 |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 | 15,459,006 |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 | 15,382,838 |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 | 15,290,368 |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 | 15,184,166 |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 | 15,069,798 |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 | 14,951,510 |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 | 14,848,907 |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 | 14,760,094 |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 | 14,665,037 |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 | 14,572,278 |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 | 14,491,632 |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 | 14,424,211 |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 | 14,367,070 |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 | 14,312,690 |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 | 14,247,208 |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 | 14,149,800 |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 | 14,038,270 |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 | 13,941,700 |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 | 13,856,185 |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 | 13,774,037 |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 | 13,666,335 |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 | 13,545,056 |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 | 13,439,322 |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 | 13,328,593 |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 | 13,194,497 |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 | 13,038,526 |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 | 12,877,984 |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 | 12,729,721 |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 | 12,598,201 |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 | 12,456,251 |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 | 12,294,732 |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 | 12,127,120 |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 | 11,965,966 |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 | 11,805,689 |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 | 11,638,712 |
| 1960 | 1,211,537 | 11,486,631 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/netherlands | CC BY
Fertility rates in Estonia and Netherlands
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
| 2023 | 1.31 | 1.43 |
| 2022 | 1.41 | 1.49 |
| 2021 | 1.61 | 1.62 |
| 2020 | 1.58 | 1.54 |
| 2019 | 1.66 | 1.57 |
| 2018 | 1.67 | 1.59 |
| 2017 | 1.59 | 1.62 |
| 2016 | 1.6 | 1.66 |
| 2015 | 1.58 | 1.66 |
| 2014 | 1.54 | 1.71 |
| 2013 | 1.52 | 1.68 |
| 2012 | 1.56 | 1.72 |
| 2011 | 1.61 | 1.76 |
| 2010 | 1.72 | 1.79 |
| 2009 | 1.7 | 1.79 |
| 2008 | 1.72 | 1.77 |
| 2007 | 1.69 | 1.72 |
| 2006 | 1.58 | 1.72 |
| 2005 | 1.52 | 1.71 |
| 2004 | 1.47 | 1.72 |
| 2003 | 1.37 | 1.75 |
| 2002 | 1.36 | 1.73 |
| 2001 | 1.32 | 1.71 |
| 2000 | 1.36 | 1.72 |
| 1999 | 1.3 | 1.65 |
| 1998 | 1.28 | 1.63 |
| 1997 | 1.32 | 1.56 |
| 1996 | 1.37 | 1.53 |
| 1995 | 1.38 | 1.53 |
| 1994 | 1.42 | 1.57 |
| 1993 | 1.49 | 1.57 |
| 1992 | 1.71 | 1.59 |
| 1991 | 1.8 | 1.61 |
| 1990 | 2.05 | 1.62 |
| 1989 | 2.22 | 1.55 |
| 1988 | 2.27 | 1.55 |
| 1987 | 2.27 | 1.56 |
| 1986 | 2.18 | 1.55 |
| 1985 | 2.13 | 1.51 |
| 1984 | 2.17 | 1.49 |
| 1983 | 2.16 | 1.47 |
| 1982 | 2.07 | 1.5 |
| 1981 | 2.07 | 1.56 |
| 1980 | 2.02 | 1.6 |
| 1979 | 2 | 1.56 |
| 1978 | 2.02 | 1.58 |
| 1977 | 2.06 | 1.58 |
| 1976 | 2.07 | 1.63 |
| 1975 | 2.04 | 1.66 |
| 1974 | 2.07 | 1.77 |
| 1973 | 2.06 | 1.9 |
| 1972 | 2.13 | 2.15 |
| 1971 | 2.19 | 2.36 |
| 1970 | 2.17 | 2.57 |
| 1969 | 2.13 | 2.75 |
| 1968 | 2.03 | 2.72 |
| 1967 | 1.9 | 2.81 |
| 1966 | 1.87 | 2.9 |
| 1965 | 1.88 | 3.04 |
| 1964 | 1.94 | 3.17 |
| 1963 | 1.89 | 3.19 |
| 1962 | 1.95 | 3.18 |
| 1961 | 1.98 | 3.22 |
| 1960 | 1.98 | 3.12 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/netherlands | CC BY
Estonia and Netherlands demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
| 2024 | 43.3 | 42.4 |
| 2023 | 42.9 | 42.4 |
| 2022 | 42.7 | 42.5 |
| 2021 | 42.5 | 42.6 |
| 2020 | 42.4 | 42.5 |
| 2019 | 42.2 | 42.5 |
| 2018 | 42 | 42.4 |
| 2017 | 41.9 | 42.3 |
| 2016 | 41.7 | 42.2 |
| 2015 | 41.5 | 42 |
| 2014 | 41.4 | 41.8 |
| 2013 | 41.1 | 41.6 |
| 2012 | 40.9 | 41.3 |
| 2011 | 40.6 | 41 |
| 2010 | 40.3 | 40.7 |
| 2009 | 40 | 40.3 |
| 2008 | 39.8 | 40 |
| 2007 | 39.7 | 39.7 |
| 2006 | 39.6 | 39.3 |
| 2005 | 39.3 | 38.9 |
| 2004 | 39.1 | 38.5 |
| 2003 | 38.8 | 38.1 |
| 2002 | 38.5 | 37.8 |
| 2001 | 38.3 | 37.5 |
| 2000 | 38 | 37.3 |
| 1999 | 37.6 | 37 |
| 1998 | 37.3 | 36.7 |
| 1997 | 37 | 36.4 |
| 1996 | 36.7 | 36.1 |
| 1995 | 36.3 | 35.7 |
| 1994 | 36 | 35.4 |
| 1993 | 35.6 | 35.1 |
| 1992 | 35 | 34.8 |
| 1991 | 34.6 | 34.6 |
| 1990 | 34.3 | 34.3 |
| 1989 | 34.2 | 34.1 |
| 1988 | 34.1 | 33.8 |
| 1987 | 34 | 33.5 |
| 1986 | 34 | 33.2 |
| 1985 | 33.9 | 32.9 |
| 1984 | 33.9 | 32.6 |
| 1983 | 33.9 | 32.3 |
| 1982 | 33.8 | 31.9 |
| 1981 | 33.8 | 31.6 |
| 1980 | 33.9 | 31.3 |
| 1979 | 34 | 31 |
| 1978 | 34.2 | 30.7 |
| 1977 | 34.3 | 30.3 |
| 1976 | 34.3 | 29.8 |
| 1975 | 34.2 | 29.4 |
| 1974 | 34.2 | 29.3 |
| 1973 | 34.1 | 29 |
| 1972 | 33.9 | 28.9 |
| 1971 | 33.8 | 28.7 |
| 1970 | 33.7 | 28.6 |
| 1969 | 33.7 | 28.6 |
| 1968 | 33.6 | 28.6 |
| 1967 | 33.4 | 28.5 |
| 1966 | 33.2 | 28.6 |
| 1965 | 33 | 28.6 |
| 1964 | 32.8 | 28.6 |
| 1963 | 32.7 | 28.7 |
| 1962 | 32.5 | 28.7 |
| 1961 | 32.4 | 28.8 |
| 1960 | 32.2 | 28.8 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/estonia/netherlands | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Estonia and the Netherlands.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$39.6B
2024 |
$1.12T
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
43.6%
2024 |
44.4%
2024 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
5.21%
2022 |
5.18%
2022 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
3.37%
2024 |
1.92%
2024 |
| Armed forces personnel |
7,000
2020 |
41,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-1.51%
2024 |
-0.94%
2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
7.5%
2024 |
3.64%
2024 |
| Services, % of GDP |
65.7%
2024 |
70.5%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
20.1%
2024 |
17.5%
2024 |
| Economic freedom index |
78.7
2026 |
78.5
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
23.7%
2023 |
21.4%
2021 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.1%
2023 |
3.6%
2021 |
| Number of millionaires | n/a |
1,267,000
2025 |
| Percentage of millionaires | n/a |
8.87%
2025 |
| Number of billionaires |
2
2025 |
13
2025 |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.0002%
2025 |
0.00009%
2025 |
| Listed domestic companies |
14
2003 |
103
2018 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$1.1T
2017 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$2.07B
2024 |
$79.1B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$496M
2024 |
$4.72B
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
1,695,000
2020 |
7,265,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
3.98%
2020 |
1.44%
2020 |
| Banked people share |
98.9%
2024 |
99.2%
2024 |
Energy
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
3,089 kg
2023 |
3,418 kg
2023 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$15.7
2023 |
$23.9
2023 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
10.6 megatons
2024 |
118.8 megatons
2024 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
7.76 tons
2024 |
6.6 tons
2024 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
60.9%
2023 |
83.5%
2023 |
| Renewable energy use share |
38%
2021 |
12.2%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
2.9%
2023 |
9.01%
2023 |
| Net energy imports use share |
3.77%
2023 |
87%
2023 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
5,722 kWh
2023 |
6,189 kWh
2023 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
40%
2021 |
33.1%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.42%
2023 |
0.06%
2023 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
3.28%
2023 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.02%
2024 |
0.22%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-13,350
2025 |
+104,681
2025 |
| Urban population |
70.7%
2024 |
95.6%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
47.5:52.5
2024 |
49.7:50.3
2024 |
| Average male height |
6 ft
2025 |
6.03 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.53 ft
2025 |
5.59 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
83.6
2026 |
94.4
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
76
2025 |
78
2025 |
| Higher education index |
81
2026 |
96
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.54
2023 |
0.69
2023 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
4.5
2019 |
4
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
171
2025 |
172
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
99.9%
2021 |
99%
2003 |
| English speaking |
50.2%
2023 |
90.9%
2023 |
| People using the Internet |
92.2%
2024 |
97%
2023 |
Health
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$2,438
2024 |
$6,845
2024 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$521
2024 |
$807
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
79.6 years
2026 |
82.6 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
0.009%
2023 |
0.01%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.47
2022 |
3.88
2022 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28.7 years
2023 |
30.4 years
2023 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
5
2023 |
4
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
2.1
2023 |
4
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
22.8%
2022 |
15%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
6.9%
2024 |
5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
95
2026 |
76
2026 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
28.3%
2022 |
21.3%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
10.7 liters
2020 |
8.71 liters
2020 |
Territory
|
Estonia
|
Netherlands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.03%
2026 |
0.02%
2026 |
| Land area per capita |
12,022 sq mi
2024 |
722 sq mi
2024 |
| Agricultural land area |
3,815 sq mi
2026 |
6,961 sq mi
2026 |
| Forest area |
9,415 sq mi
2026 |
1,437 sq mi
2026 |
| Roads length | n/a |
88,123 mi
2022 |
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2023, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.