Mongolia is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 3.52M people. The capital and largest city is Ulaanbaatar, with 1.4M residents. Mongolia shares land borders with China and Russia.
Mongolia ranks 121/197 by GDP ($23.6B) and 107/197 by GDP per capita ($6,691). The top export category is raw materials & minerals, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
3599274
|
132/197 |
| GDP |
$23.6B
2024 |
121/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$6,691
2024 |
107/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$19,098
2024 |
96/197 |
| Government debt |
$10.5B
2024 |
124/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
42.6%
2025 |
129/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,969
2024 |
101/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$6,196
2025 |
101/197 |
| Land area | 601,740 sq mi | 18/197 |
| Population density | 5.86 ppl/mi² | 197/197 |
| Fertility rate | 2.7 | 67/196 |
| Median age | 27.8 years | 117/196 |
| Life expectancy | 72.2 years | 120/197 |
Mongolia trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 1980 | $2,101,394,100 |
| 1981 | $2,310,099,100 |
| 1982 | $2,552,401,933 |
| 1983 | $2,725,736,633 |
| 1984 | $2,098,734,600 |
| 1985 | $2,186,505,475 |
| 1986 | $2,896,178,867 |
| 1987 | $3,020,611,600 |
| 1988 | $3,204,461,567 |
| 1989 | $3,576,966,800 |
| 1990 | $2,560,785,660 |
| 1991 | $2,379,018,326 |
| 1992 | $1,317,611,864 |
| 1993 | $768,401,634 |
| 1994 | $925,817,092 |
| 1995 | $1,452,165,005 |
| 1996 | $1,345,719,472 |
| 1997 | $1,180,934,203 |
| 1998 | $1,124,440,205 |
| 1999 | $1,057,408,589 |
| 2000 | $1,136,896,124 |
| 2001 | $1,267,997,934 |
| 2002 | $1,396,555,720 |
| 2003 | $1,595,297,356 |
| 2004 | $1,992,066,808 |
| 2005 | $2,523,471,601 |
| 2006 | $3,414,055,662 |
| 2007 | $4,234,999,704 |
| 2008 | $5,623,216,608 |
| 2009 | $4,583,850,368 |
| 2010 | $7,189,481,999 |
| 2011 | $10,409,797,378 |
| 2012 | $12,292,770,632 |
| 2013 | $12,582,122,604 |
| 2014 | $12,226,514,668 |
| 2015 | $11,619,892,591 |
| 2016 | $11,181,350,649 |
| 2017 | $11,480,847,741 |
| 2018 | $13,178,094,720 |
| 2019 | $14,206,359,018 |
| 2020 | $13,312,981,429 |
| 2021 | $15,286,441,738 |
| 2022 | $17,146,471,714 |
| 2023 | $20,325,121,394 |
| 2024 | $23,586,055,802 |
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 1980 | $1,235 |
| 1981 | $1,325 |
| 1982 | $1,430 |
| 1983 | $1,490 |
| 1984 | $1,120 |
| 1985 | $1,138 |
| 1986 | $1,469 |
| 1987 | $1,493 |
| 1988 | $1,543 |
| 1989 | $1,684 |
| 1990 | $1,220 |
| 1991 | $1,099 |
| 1992 | $608 |
| 1993 | $355 |
| 1994 | $423 |
| 1995 | $653 |
| 1996 | $596 |
| 1997 | $515 |
| 1998 | $484 |
| 1999 | $449 |
| 2000 | $476 |
| 2001 | $524 |
| 2002 | $570 |
| 2003 | $643 |
| 2004 | $794 |
| 2005 | $995 |
| 2006 | $1,330 |
| 2007 | $1,628 |
| 2008 | $2,127 |
| 2009 | $1,703 |
| 2010 | $2,625 |
| 2011 | $3,736 |
| 2012 | $4,329 |
| 2013 | $4,340 |
| 2014 | $4,126 |
| 2015 | $3,839 |
| 2016 | $3,620 |
| 2017 | $3,646 |
| 2018 | $4,108 |
| 2019 | $4,348 |
| 2020 | $4,001 |
| 2021 | $4,518 |
| 2022 | $4,994 |
| 2023 | $5,839 |
| 2024 | $6,691 |
Mongolia's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 38.6 |
| 1951 | 39.1 |
| 1952 | 39.4 |
| 1953 | 39.8 |
| 1954 | 40.2 |
| 1955 | 40.7 |
| 1956 | 41.4 |
| 1957 | 40.4 |
| 1958 | 42.8 |
| 1959 | 43.7 |
| 1960 | 44.5 |
| 1961 | 45.4 |
| 1962 | 46.3 |
| 1963 | 47.1 |
| 1964 | 47.9 |
| 1965 | 48.7 |
| 1966 | 49.4 |
| 1967 | 50.1 |
| 1968 | 50.8 |
| 1969 | 51.4 |
| 1970 | 52 |
| 1971 | 52.6 |
| 1972 | 53.1 |
| 1973 | 53.6 |
| 1974 | 54 |
| 1975 | 54.3 |
| 1976 | 54.6 |
| 1977 | 54.8 |
| 1978 | 54.9 |
| 1979 | 55.1 |
| 1980 | 55.2 |
| 1981 | 55.4 |
| 1982 | 55.6 |
| 1983 | 55.9 |
| 1984 | 56.1 |
| 1985 | 56.4 |
| 1986 | 56.8 |
| 1987 | 57.1 |
| 1988 | 57.5 |
| 1989 | 58.1 |
| 1990 | 58.8 |
| 1991 | 59.8 |
| 1992 | 60.4 |
| 1993 | 60.8 |
| 1994 | 60.9 |
| 1995 | 60.9 |
| 1996 | 61 |
| 1997 | 61.4 |
| 1998 | 62.1 |
| 1999 | 62.8 |
| 2000 | 63.5 |
| 2001 | 63.8 |
| 2002 | 64 |
| 2003 | 64.1 |
| 2004 | 64.3 |
| 2005 | 64.8 |
| 2006 | 65.6 |
| 2007 | 66.5 |
| 2008 | 67.1 |
| 2009 | 67.2 |
| 2010 | 67.1 |
| 2011 | 67.2 |
| 2012 | 67.6 |
| 2013 | 68.2 |
| 2014 | 68.7 |
| 2015 | 69.2 |
| 2016 | 69.7 |
| 2017 | 70.2 |
| 2018 | 70.6 |
| 2019 | 70.7 |
| 2020 | 70 |
| 2021 | 68.6 |
| 2022 | 71.5 |
| 2023 | 71.7 |
| 2024 | 72 |
| 2025 | 72.2 |
Mongolia's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 977,595 |
| 1961 | 1,009,284 |
| 1962 | 1,041,444 |
| 1963 | 1,071,362 |
| 1964 | 1,100,234 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 |
| 1966 | 1,163,754 |
| 1967 | 1,196,996 |
| 1968 | 1,229,930 |
| 1969 | 1,262,284 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 |
| 1971 | 1,330,071 |
| 1972 | 1,366,821 |
| 1973 | 1,405,502 |
| 1974 | 1,446,050 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 |
| 1976 | 1,531,945 |
| 1977 | 1,576,245 |
| 1978 | 1,619,468 |
| 1979 | 1,660,659 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 |
| 1981 | 1,742,857 |
| 1982 | 1,785,364 |
| 1983 | 1,829,092 |
| 1984 | 1,874,349 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 |
| 1986 | 1,970,965 |
| 1987 | 2,022,800 |
| 1988 | 2,076,322 |
| 1989 | 2,124,185 |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 |
| 1991 | 2,165,342 |
| 1992 | 2,167,790 |
| 1993 | 2,165,130 |
| 1994 | 2,189,395 |
| 1995 | 2,224,945 |
| 1996 | 2,259,507 |
| 1997 | 2,291,750 |
| 1998 | 2,323,809 |
| 1999 | 2,356,813 |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 |
| 2001 | 2,417,751 |
| 2002 | 2,449,027 |
| 2003 | 2,480,374 |
| 2004 | 2,508,412 |
| 2005 | 2,536,407 |
| 2006 | 2,567,168 |
| 2007 | 2,601,850 |
| 2008 | 2,643,201 |
| 2009 | 2,691,115 |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 |
| 2011 | 2,786,317 |
| 2012 | 2,839,705 |
| 2013 | 2,899,011 |
| 2014 | 2,963,113 |
| 2015 | 3,026,864 |
| 2016 | 3,088,856 |
| 2017 | 3,148,917 |
| 2018 | 3,208,189 |
| 2019 | 3,267,673 |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 |
| 2021 | 3,383,741 |
| 2022 | 3,433,748 |
| 2023 | 3,481,145 |
| 2024 | 3,524,788 |
Mongolia's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 6.82 |
| 1961 | 6.96 |
| 1962 | 7.1 |
| 1963 | 7.24 |
| 1964 | 7.33 |
| 1965 | 7.38 |
| 1966 | 7.41 |
| 1967 | 7.39 |
| 1968 | 7.37 |
| 1969 | 7.34 |
| 1970 | 7.31 |
| 1971 | 7.3 |
| 1972 | 7.28 |
| 1973 | 7.24 |
| 1974 | 7.17 |
| 1975 | 7.07 |
| 1976 | 6.93 |
| 1977 | 6.79 |
| 1978 | 6.62 |
| 1979 | 6.42 |
| 1980 | 6.21 |
| 1981 | 5.98 |
| 1982 | 5.8 |
| 1983 | 5.63 |
| 1984 | 5.45 |
| 1985 | 5.26 |
| 1986 | 5.03 |
| 1987 | 4.83 |
| 1988 | 4.65 |
| 1989 | 4.42 |
| 1990 | 4.5 |
| 1991 | 4 |
| 1992 | 3.5 |
| 1993 | 2.5 |
| 1994 | 2.7 |
| 1995 | 2.77 |
| 1996 | 2.5 |
| 1997 | 2.4 |
| 1998 | 2.3 |
| 1999 | 2.3 |
| 2000 | 2.2 |
| 2001 | 2.2 |
| 2002 | 2.1 |
| 2003 | 2 |
| 2004 | 2 |
| 2005 | 2 |
| 2006 | 2.1 |
| 2007 | 2.3 |
| 2008 | 2.6 |
| 2009 | 2.8 |
| 2010 | 2.4 |
| 2011 | 2.6 |
| 2012 | 2.7 |
| 2013 | 3 |
| 2014 | 3.1 |
| 2015 | 3 |
| 2016 | 3 |
| 2017 | 2.8 |
| 2018 | 2.9 |
| 2019 | 3 |
| 2020 | 2.9 |
| 2021 | 2.8 |
| 2022 | 2.7 |
| 2023 | 2.7 |
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 22.8 |
| 1961 | 22.5 |
| 1962 | 22.2 |
| 1963 | 21.7 |
| 1964 | 21 |
| 1965 | 20.3 |
| 1966 | 19.6 |
| 1967 | 19 |
| 1968 | 18.4 |
| 1969 | 18 |
| 1970 | 17.7 |
| 1971 | 17.5 |
| 1972 | 17.3 |
| 1973 | 17.2 |
| 1974 | 17.2 |
| 1975 | 17.2 |
| 1976 | 17.2 |
| 1977 | 17.3 |
| 1978 | 17.4 |
| 1979 | 17.5 |
| 1980 | 17.7 |
| 1981 | 17.9 |
| 1982 | 18 |
| 1983 | 18.2 |
| 1984 | 18.4 |
| 1985 | 18.5 |
| 1986 | 18.6 |
| 1987 | 18.7 |
| 1988 | 18.7 |
| 1989 | 18.8 |
| 1990 | 19 |
| 1991 | 19.1 |
| 1992 | 19.3 |
| 1993 | 19.5 |
| 1994 | 19.8 |
| 1995 | 20 |
| 1996 | 20.4 |
| 1997 | 20.7 |
| 1998 | 21 |
| 1999 | 21.4 |
| 2000 | 21.8 |
| 2001 | 22.2 |
| 2002 | 22.6 |
| 2003 | 23 |
| 2004 | 23.4 |
| 2005 | 23.8 |
| 2006 | 24.2 |
| 2007 | 24.5 |
| 2008 | 24.8 |
| 2009 | 25.1 |
| 2010 | 25.4 |
| 2011 | 25.8 |
| 2012 | 26.1 |
| 2013 | 26.3 |
| 2014 | 26.5 |
| 2015 | 26.7 |
| 2016 | 26.9 |
| 2017 | 27 |
| 2018 | 27.1 |
| 2019 | 27.2 |
| 2020 | 27.3 |
| 2021 | 27.4 |
| 2022 | 27.6 |
| 2023 | 27.7 |
| 2024 | 27.8 |
Mongolia vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Mongolia with other countries.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
Mongolia: National Statistics
Finance
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$18.9B
2024 |
127/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
36.6%
2025 |
64/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.66%
2023 |
116/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
0.6%
2023 |
145/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
18,000
2020 |
110/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
+0.95%
2025 |
16/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.18%
2023 |
99/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
44.2%
2024 |
162/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
38.1%
2024 |
23/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
62.6
2025 |
82/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
24.6%
2022 |
127/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.4%
2022 |
40/169 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.51B
2024 |
95/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$528M
2024 |
114/190 |
| International tourist arrivals |
66,900
2020 |
172/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
0.64%
2020 |
173/184 |
| Banked people share |
98.3%
2024 |
20/158 |
Energy
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,891 kg
2022 |
60/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$8.68
2022 |
141/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
28.1 megatons
2023 |
75/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
8.08 tons
2023 |
26/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
94.7%
2022 |
20/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
3%
2021 |
166/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
1.01%
2022 |
119/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-226.4%
2022 |
134/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
2,546 kWh
2022 |
73/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
10.9%
2021 |
140/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.81%
2022 |
135/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
129/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
64/195 |
Society
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.04%
2024 |
132/197 |
| Annual migration change |
+83
2024 |
76/196 |
| Urban population |
69.3%
2024 |
81/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.6 ft
2025 |
121/190 |
| Average female height |
5.25 ft
2025 |
109/190 |
| Quality of life index |
47.6
2025 |
99/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
33
2024 |
133/197 |
| Higher education index |
42
2025 |
108/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
5.92
2023 |
65/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
21
2019 |
64/197 |
| Visa free countries |
77
2025 |
127/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
98.6%
2023 |
64/196 |
| English speaking |
1%
2025 |
183/197 |
| People using the Internet |
83%
2023 |
86/195 |
Health
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$448
2022 |
93/191 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$174.6
2022 |
76/191 |
| Life expectancy |
72.2 years
2025 |
120/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
24.5%
2022 |
30/178 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
3.87
2021 |
29/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
20.5 years
2025 |
106/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
41
2023 |
102/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
13.6
2023 |
103/192 |
| Obesity rate |
24.8%
2022 |
78/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
10.3%
2024 |
72/195 |
| Air quality index |
24
2025 |
151/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
29.5%
2022 |
33/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
7.68 liters
2020 |
53/186 |
Territory
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
1.05%
2025 |
18/197 |
| Land area per capita |
170,717 sq mi
2024 |
1/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
414,933 sq mi
2025 |
11/194 |
| Forest area |
54,709 sq mi
2025 |
46/196 |
| Roads length |
70,339 mi
2017 |
50/175 |
Compare Mongolia with other countries
Relevant pages:
Mongolia topic pages:
Facts comparisons
