Mongolia is an upper-middle-income country with a population of 3.52M people. The capital and largest city is Ulaanbaatar, with 1.4M residents. Mongolia shares land borders with China and Russia.
Mongolia ranks 121/197 by GDP ($23.8B) and 105/197 by GDP per capita ($6,751). The top export category is raw materials & minerals, while the top import is machinery & equipment.
Main facts and rankings
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Population |
3620317
|
132/197 |
| GDP |
$23.8B
2024 |
121/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$6,751
2024 |
105/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$19,145
2024 |
98/197 |
| Government debt |
$10.5B
2024 |
124/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
44.1%
2024 |
122/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,974
2024 |
101/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$5,311
2026 |
112/197 |
| Land area | 601,740 sq mi | 18/197 |
| Population density | 6 ppl/mi² | 197/197 |
| Fertility rate | 2.7 | 67/196 |
| Median age | 27.8 years | 117/196 |
| Life expectancy | 72.5 years | 120/197 |
Mongolia trends dashboard: time-series charts
| Year | GDP |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $23,794,540,025 |
| 2023 | $20,325,121,394 |
| 2022 | $17,146,471,714 |
| 2021 | $15,286,441,738 |
| 2020 | $13,312,981,429 |
| 2019 | $14,206,359,018 |
| 2018 | $13,178,094,720 |
| 2017 | $11,480,847,741 |
| 2016 | $11,181,350,649 |
| 2015 | $11,619,892,591 |
| 2014 | $12,226,514,668 |
| 2013 | $12,582,122,604 |
| 2012 | $12,292,770,632 |
| 2011 | $10,409,797,378 |
| 2010 | $7,189,481,999 |
| 2009 | $4,583,850,368 |
| 2008 | $5,623,216,608 |
| 2007 | $4,234,999,704 |
| 2006 | $3,414,055,662 |
| 2005 | $2,523,471,601 |
| 2004 | $1,992,066,808 |
| 2003 | $1,595,297,356 |
| 2002 | $1,396,555,720 |
| 2001 | $1,267,997,934 |
| 2000 | $1,136,896,124 |
| 1999 | $1,057,408,589 |
| 1998 | $1,124,440,205 |
| 1997 | $1,180,934,203 |
| 1996 | $1,345,719,472 |
| 1995 | $1,452,165,005 |
| 1994 | $925,817,092 |
| 1993 | $768,401,634 |
| 1992 | $1,317,611,864 |
| 1991 | $2,379,018,326 |
| 1990 | $2,560,785,660 |
| 1989 | $3,576,966,800 |
| 1988 | $3,204,461,567 |
| 1987 | $3,020,611,600 |
| 1986 | $2,896,178,867 |
| 1985 | $2,186,505,475 |
| 1984 | $2,098,734,600 |
| 1983 | $2,725,736,633 |
| 1982 | $2,552,401,933 |
| 1981 | $2,310,099,100 |
| 1980 | $2,101,394,100 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia | CC BY 
| Year | GDP per capita |
|---|---|
| 2024 | $6,751 |
| 2023 | $5,839 |
| 2022 | $4,994 |
| 2021 | $4,518 |
| 2020 | $4,001 |
| 2019 | $4,348 |
| 2018 | $4,108 |
| 2017 | $3,646 |
| 2016 | $3,620 |
| 2015 | $3,839 |
| 2014 | $4,126 |
| 2013 | $4,340 |
| 2012 | $4,329 |
| 2011 | $3,736 |
| 2010 | $2,625 |
| 2009 | $1,703 |
| 2008 | $2,127 |
| 2007 | $1,628 |
| 2006 | $1,330 |
| 2005 | $995 |
| 2004 | $794 |
| 2003 | $643 |
| 2002 | $570 |
| 2001 | $524 |
| 2000 | $476 |
| 1999 | $449 |
| 1998 | $484 |
| 1997 | $515 |
| 1996 | $596 |
| 1995 | $653 |
| 1994 | $423 |
| 1993 | $355 |
| 1992 | $608 |
| 1991 | $1,099 |
| 1990 | $1,220 |
| 1989 | $1,684 |
| 1988 | $1,543 |
| 1987 | $1,493 |
| 1986 | $1,469 |
| 1985 | $1,138 |
| 1984 | $1,120 |
| 1983 | $1,490 |
| 1982 | $1,430 |
| 1981 | $1,325 |
| 1980 | $1,235 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia | CC BY
Mongolia's life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 72.5 |
| 2025 | 72.2 |
| 2024 | 72 |
| 2023 | 71.7 |
| 2022 | 71.5 |
| 2021 | 68.6 |
| 2020 | 70 |
| 2019 | 70.7 |
| 2018 | 70.6 |
| 2017 | 70.2 |
| 2016 | 69.7 |
| 2015 | 69.2 |
| 2014 | 68.7 |
| 2013 | 68.2 |
| 2012 | 67.6 |
| 2011 | 67.2 |
| 2010 | 67.1 |
| 2009 | 67.2 |
| 2008 | 67.1 |
| 2007 | 66.5 |
| 2006 | 65.6 |
| 2005 | 64.8 |
| 2004 | 64.3 |
| 2003 | 64.1 |
| 2002 | 64 |
| 2001 | 63.8 |
| 2000 | 63.5 |
| 1999 | 62.8 |
| 1998 | 62.1 |
| 1997 | 61.4 |
| 1996 | 61 |
| 1995 | 60.9 |
| 1994 | 60.9 |
| 1993 | 60.8 |
| 1992 | 60.4 |
| 1991 | 59.8 |
| 1990 | 58.8 |
| 1989 | 58.1 |
| 1988 | 57.5 |
| 1987 | 57.1 |
| 1986 | 56.8 |
| 1985 | 56.4 |
| 1984 | 56.1 |
| 1983 | 55.9 |
| 1982 | 55.6 |
| 1981 | 55.4 |
| 1980 | 55.2 |
| 1979 | 55.1 |
| 1978 | 54.9 |
| 1977 | 54.8 |
| 1976 | 54.6 |
| 1975 | 54.3 |
| 1974 | 54 |
| 1973 | 53.6 |
| 1972 | 53.1 |
| 1971 | 52.6 |
| 1970 | 52 |
| 1969 | 51.4 |
| 1968 | 50.8 |
| 1967 | 50.1 |
| 1966 | 49.4 |
| 1965 | 48.7 |
| 1964 | 47.9 |
| 1963 | 47.1 |
| 1962 | 46.3 |
| 1961 | 45.4 |
| 1960 | 44.5 |
| 1959 | 43.7 |
| 1958 | 42.8 |
| 1957 | 40.4 |
| 1956 | 41.4 |
| 1955 | 40.7 |
| 1954 | 40.2 |
| 1953 | 39.8 |
| 1952 | 39.4 |
| 1951 | 39.1 |
| 1950 | 38.6 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia | CC BY
Mongolia's population clock and projection
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 3,524,788 |
| 2023 | 3,481,145 |
| 2022 | 3,433,748 |
| 2021 | 3,383,741 |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 |
| 2019 | 3,267,673 |
| 2018 | 3,208,189 |
| 2017 | 3,148,917 |
| 2016 | 3,088,856 |
| 2015 | 3,026,864 |
| 2014 | 2,963,113 |
| 2013 | 2,899,011 |
| 2012 | 2,839,705 |
| 2011 | 2,786,317 |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 |
| 2009 | 2,691,115 |
| 2008 | 2,643,201 |
| 2007 | 2,601,850 |
| 2006 | 2,567,168 |
| 2005 | 2,536,407 |
| 2004 | 2,508,412 |
| 2003 | 2,480,374 |
| 2002 | 2,449,027 |
| 2001 | 2,417,751 |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 |
| 1999 | 2,356,813 |
| 1998 | 2,323,809 |
| 1997 | 2,291,750 |
| 1996 | 2,259,507 |
| 1995 | 2,224,945 |
| 1994 | 2,189,395 |
| 1993 | 2,165,130 |
| 1992 | 2,167,790 |
| 1991 | 2,165,342 |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 |
| 1989 | 2,124,185 |
| 1988 | 2,076,322 |
| 1987 | 2,022,800 |
| 1986 | 1,970,965 |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 |
| 1984 | 1,874,349 |
| 1983 | 1,829,092 |
| 1982 | 1,785,364 |
| 1981 | 1,742,857 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 |
| 1979 | 1,660,659 |
| 1978 | 1,619,468 |
| 1977 | 1,576,245 |
| 1976 | 1,531,945 |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 |
| 1974 | 1,446,050 |
| 1973 | 1,405,502 |
| 1972 | 1,366,821 |
| 1971 | 1,330,071 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 |
| 1969 | 1,262,284 |
| 1968 | 1,229,930 |
| 1967 | 1,196,996 |
| 1966 | 1,163,754 |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 |
| 1964 | 1,100,234 |
| 1963 | 1,071,362 |
| 1962 | 1,041,444 |
| 1961 | 1,009,284 |
| 1960 | 977,595 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia | CC BY
Mongolia's birth and fertility rates
| Year | Fertility rate |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 2.7 |
| 2022 | 2.7 |
| 2021 | 2.8 |
| 2020 | 2.9 |
| 2019 | 3 |
| 2018 | 2.9 |
| 2017 | 2.8 |
| 2016 | 3 |
| 2015 | 3 |
| 2014 | 3.1 |
| 2013 | 3 |
| 2012 | 2.7 |
| 2011 | 2.6 |
| 2010 | 2.4 |
| 2009 | 2.8 |
| 2008 | 2.6 |
| 2007 | 2.3 |
| 2006 | 2.1 |
| 2005 | 2 |
| 2004 | 2 |
| 2003 | 2 |
| 2002 | 2.1 |
| 2001 | 2.2 |
| 2000 | 2.2 |
| 1999 | 2.3 |
| 1998 | 2.3 |
| 1997 | 2.4 |
| 1996 | 2.5 |
| 1995 | 2.77 |
| 1994 | 2.7 |
| 1993 | 2.5 |
| 1992 | 3.5 |
| 1991 | 4 |
| 1990 | 4.5 |
| 1989 | 4.42 |
| 1988 | 4.65 |
| 1987 | 4.83 |
| 1986 | 5.03 |
| 1985 | 5.26 |
| 1984 | 5.45 |
| 1983 | 5.63 |
| 1982 | 5.8 |
| 1981 | 5.98 |
| 1980 | 6.21 |
| 1979 | 6.42 |
| 1978 | 6.62 |
| 1977 | 6.79 |
| 1976 | 6.93 |
| 1975 | 7.07 |
| 1974 | 7.17 |
| 1973 | 7.24 |
| 1972 | 7.28 |
| 1971 | 7.3 |
| 1970 | 7.31 |
| 1969 | 7.34 |
| 1968 | 7.37 |
| 1967 | 7.39 |
| 1966 | 7.41 |
| 1965 | 7.38 |
| 1964 | 7.33 |
| 1963 | 7.24 |
| 1962 | 7.1 |
| 1961 | 6.96 |
| 1960 | 6.82 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia | CC BY
| Year | Median age, years |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 27.8 |
| 2023 | 27.7 |
| 2022 | 27.6 |
| 2021 | 27.4 |
| 2020 | 27.3 |
| 2019 | 27.2 |
| 2018 | 27.1 |
| 2017 | 27 |
| 2016 | 26.9 |
| 2015 | 26.7 |
| 2014 | 26.5 |
| 2013 | 26.3 |
| 2012 | 26.1 |
| 2011 | 25.8 |
| 2010 | 25.4 |
| 2009 | 25.1 |
| 2008 | 24.8 |
| 2007 | 24.5 |
| 2006 | 24.2 |
| 2005 | 23.8 |
| 2004 | 23.4 |
| 2003 | 23 |
| 2002 | 22.6 |
| 2001 | 22.2 |
| 2000 | 21.8 |
| 1999 | 21.4 |
| 1998 | 21 |
| 1997 | 20.7 |
| 1996 | 20.4 |
| 1995 | 20 |
| 1994 | 19.8 |
| 1993 | 19.5 |
| 1992 | 19.3 |
| 1991 | 19.1 |
| 1990 | 19 |
| 1989 | 18.8 |
| 1988 | 18.7 |
| 1987 | 18.7 |
| 1986 | 18.6 |
| 1985 | 18.5 |
| 1984 | 18.4 |
| 1983 | 18.2 |
| 1982 | 18 |
| 1981 | 17.9 |
| 1980 | 17.7 |
| 1979 | 17.5 |
| 1978 | 17.4 |
| 1977 | 17.3 |
| 1976 | 17.2 |
| 1975 | 17.2 |
| 1974 | 17.2 |
| 1973 | 17.2 |
| 1972 | 17.3 |
| 1971 | 17.5 |
| 1970 | 17.7 |
| 1969 | 18 |
| 1968 | 18.4 |
| 1967 | 19 |
| 1966 | 19.6 |
| 1965 | 20.3 |
| 1964 | 21 |
| 1963 | 21.7 |
| 1962 | 22.2 |
| 1961 | 22.5 |
| 1960 | 22.8 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/mongolia | CC BY
Mongolia vs. World: Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to toggle between world maps that display different statistics comparing Mongolia with other countries.
Mongolia: National Statistics
Finance
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$19B
2024 |
128/194 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
37.5%
2024 |
61/195 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.66%
2023 |
116/193 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
0.74%
2024 |
138/163 |
| Armed forces personnel |
18,000
2020 |
110/174 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
+1.39%
2024 |
25/188 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.81%
2024 |
83/196 |
| Services, % of GDP |
44.3%
2024 |
160/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
38.1%
2024 |
20/194 |
| Economic freedom index |
63.9
2026 |
76/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
24.6%
2022 |
127/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.4%
2022 |
40/169 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$5.51B
2024 |
95/177 |
| Personal remittances received |
$528M
2024 |
117/191 |
| International tourist arrivals |
66,900
2020 |
172/188 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
0.64%
2020 |
173/184 |
| Banked people share |
98.3%
2024 |
20/158 |
Energy
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
1,891 kg
2022 |
61/177 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$8.68
2022 |
144/173 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
27.7 megatons
2024 |
77/187 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
7.85 tons
2024 |
25/187 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
94.7%
2022 |
20/176 |
| Renewable energy use share |
3%
2021 |
166/193 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
1.01%
2022 |
119/147 |
| Net energy imports use share |
-226.4%
2022 |
134/144 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
2,546 kWh
2022 |
74/147 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
10.9%
2021 |
140/192 |
| Hydroelectric share |
0.81%
2022 |
135/192 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
129/192 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
64/195 |
Society
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.04%
2024 |
132/197 |
| Annual migration change |
+79
2025 |
74/196 |
| Urban population |
71%
2024 |
71/195 |
| Male:Female ratio |
49.9:50.1
2024 |
N/A |
| Average male height |
5.6 ft
2025 |
121/190 |
| Average female height |
5.25 ft
2025 |
109/190 |
| Quality of life index |
49
2026 |
99/197 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
31
2025 |
140/197 |
| Higher education index |
38
2026 |
115/183 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
5.59
2024 |
68/197 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
21
2019 |
64/197 |
| Visa free countries |
77
2025 |
125/195 |
| Adult literacy rate |
98.6%
2023 |
64/196 |
| English speaking |
1%
2025 |
183/197 |
| People using the Internet |
83%
2023 |
86/195 |
Health
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$360
2023 |
104/192 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$175.5
2023 |
77/192 |
| Life expectancy |
72.5 years
2026 |
120/197 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
3.8%
2023 |
77/181 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
4.13
2022 |
28/193 |
| Age at first childbirth |
20.5 years
2025 |
106/137 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
41
2023 |
102/193 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
13.6
2023 |
103/192 |
| Obesity rate |
24.8%
2022 |
78/189 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
10.3%
2024 |
72/195 |
| Air quality index |
24
2026 |
151/197 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
29.5%
2022 |
33/164 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
7.68 liters
2020 |
53/186 |
Territory
|
Mongolia
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
1.05%
2026 |
18/197 |
| Land area per capita |
170,717 sq mi
2024 |
1/197 |
| Agricultural land area |
414,933 sq mi
2026 |
11/194 |
| Forest area |
54,709 sq mi
2026 |
46/196 |
| Roads length |
70,339 mi
2017 |
50/176 |
Compare Mongolia with other countries
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- Wikidata (2015, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- World Obesity Federation (2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Transparency International (2025, retrieved 2026-02-10)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
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