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Estonia vs Kazakhstan statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Estonia has a population of 1.37M (ranked 153/197), compared with 20.6M in Kazakhstan (ranked 64/197). Estonia's land area is 16,498 sq mi versus 1,042,360 sq mi for Kazakhstan (ranked 129th vs. 9th).

By GDP, Estonia ranks 102/197 ($42.8B) and Kazakhstan ranks 50/197 ($288B). By GDP per capita, Estonia ranks 40/197 ($31,170), while Kazakhstan ranks 72/197 ($14,005).

Main facts and rankings

Estonia Kazakhstan
Population
1355535
21036432
Population rank 155/197 65/197
GDP
$42.8B
2024
$288B
2024
GDP rank 102/197 50/197
GDP per capita
$31,170
2024
$14,005
2024
GDP per capita rank 40/197 72/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$49,334
2024
$40,813
2024
Government debt
$10.1B
2024
$71.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.4%
2025
25.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$7,362
2024
$3,474
2024
Government debt per person rank 66/185 96/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$21,368
2025
$7,117
2025
Land area
16,498 sq mi
2025
1,042,360 sq mi
2025
Population density
83.2 ppl/mi²
2024
19.8 ppl/mi²
2024
Fertility rate
1.31
2023
3.01
2023
Median age
43.3 years
2024
30.5 years
2024
Life expectancy
79.5 years
2025
74.7 years
2025

Estonia and Kazakhstan: Comparison Charts

Estonia and Kazakhstan economies compared

GDP
Estonia

Kazakhstan
Year GDP
Estonia Kazakhstan
1990 - $26,932,016,270
1991 - $24,923,076,923
1992 - $24,917,355,372
1993 $4,013,091,682 $23,409,260,880
1994 $4,123,011,420 $21,250,792,886
1995 $4,502,970,889 $20,374,302,652
1996 $4,786,018,988 $21,035,357,937
1997 $5,154,420,649 $22,165,932,063
1998 $5,674,080,543 $22,135,245,507
1999 $5,756,912,266 $16,870,817,182
2000 $5,686,579,748 $18,291,990,662
2001 $6,250,218,423 $22,152,689,180
2002 $7,370,119,619 $24,636,598,527
2003 $9,876,595,528 $30,833,692,900
2004 $12,148,595,031 $43,151,647,003
2005 $14,109,491,357 $57,123,671,734
2006 $17,025,671,810 $81,003,864,630
2007 $22,450,264,166 $104,849,915,058
2008 $24,342,935,404 $133,441,648,852
2009 $19,633,984,440 $115,308,686,941
2010 $19,524,355,419 $148,047,348,241
2011 $23,303,915,795 $192,626,464,617
2012 $23,237,406,116 $207,998,568,866
2013 $25,451,032,781 $236,634,603,409
2014 $27,055,689,003 $221,415,613,595
2015 $23,311,847,751 $184,388,404,706
2016 $24,561,027,788 $137,278,320,084
2017 $27,469,461,919 $166,805,788,827
2018 $31,222,632,741 $179,339,977,690
2019 $31,873,748,770 $181,667,184,855
2020 $31,820,771,494 $171,082,365,861
2021 $37,204,563,051 $197,112,255,361
2022 $38,376,046,175 $225,496,328,925
2023 $41,291,245,222 $261,840,101,060
2024 $42,764,929,169 $288,406,138,231

Estonia and Kazakhstan economies compared

GDP per capita
Estonia

Kazakhstan
Year GDP per capita
Estonia Kazakhstan
1990 - $1,570
1991 - $1,442
1992 - $1,438
1993 $2,686 $1,355
1994 $2,819 $1,247
1995 $3,134 $1,218
1996 $3,381 $1,281
1997 $3,683 $1,382
1998 $4,093 $1,415
1999 $4,141 $1,092
2000 $4,071 $1,180
2001 $4,503 $1,422
2002 $5,343 $1,574
2003 $7,205 $1,958
2004 $8,916 $2,722
2005 $10,415 $3,577
2006 $12,641 $5,030
2007 $16,745 $6,449
2008 $18,206 $8,124
2009 $14,712 $6,938
2010 $14,664 $8,793
2011 $17,556 $11,287
2012 $17,568 $12,019
2013 $19,310 $13,478
2014 $20,582 $12,428
2015 $17,722 $10,196
2016 $18,666 $7,476
2017 $20,852 $8,943
2018 $23,618 $9,472
2019 $24,021 $9,457
2020 $23,934 $8,782
2021 $27,954 $9,984
2022 $28,451 $11,255
2023 $30,133 $12,879
2024 $31,170 $14,005

Estonia vs. Kazakhstan life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Estonia

Kazakhstan
Year Life expectancy, years
Estonia Kazakhstan
1950 66.4 55.6
1951 66.8 55.9
1952 67.2 56.1
1953 67.5 56.4
1954 67.8 56.6
1955 68.2 56.8
1956 68.5 57.1
1957 68.8 57.3
1958 68.8 57.5
1959 68.7 57.7
1960 69.3 57.9
1961 69.6 58.2
1962 69.8 58.4
1963 69.9 58.6
1964 70.6 58.8
1965 70.7 59
1966 70.7 59.2
1967 71 59.4
1968 70.6 59.6
1969 70.3 59.8
1970 70.4 60
1971 70.6 60.3
1972 70.4 60.5
1973 70.7 60.7
1974 70.8 60.9
1975 70.1 61.1
1976 69.7 61.3
1977 69.8 61.5
1978 69.7 61.8
1979 69.4 62.1
1980 69.5 62.5
1981 69.3 63
1982 69.9 63.6
1983 69.8 64.2
1984 69.6 64.8
1985 69.8 65.4
1986 70.9 65.8
1987 70.9 66
1988 71 66
1989 70.5 65.9
1990 69.9 65.7
1991 69.8 65.4
1992 69.2 65
1993 68.2 64.5
1994 66.7 64.1
1995 67.8 63.7
1996 70 63.5
1997 70.2 63.3
1998 69.8 63.3
1999 70.7 63.5
2000 71 63.8
2001 70.8 64.1
2002 71.4 64.4
2003 71.9 64.8
2004 72.4 65
2005 73 65.4
2006 73.2 65.7
2007 73.2 66.2
2008 74.3 66.8
2009 75.2 67.5
2010 75.9 68.3
2011 76.3 69.1
2012 76.4 69.9
2013 77.3 70.7
2014 77.1 71.4
2015 77.7 72
2016 77.8 72.5
2017 78.2 73
2018 78.3 73.4
2019 78.8 73.7
2020 78.9 71.2
2021 77.4 70.1
2022 78.2 73.5
2023 79.2 74.4
2024 79.3 74.5
2025 79.5 74.7

Estonia and Kazakhstan population clocks and comparison

Population
Estonia

Kazakhstan
Year Population
Estonia Kazakhstan
1960 1,211,537 9,429,981
1961 1,225,077 9,742,085
1962 1,241,623 10,058,928
1963 1,258,857 10,377,466
1964 1,277,086 10,690,309
1965 1,294,566 10,993,183
1966 1,308,597 11,288,989
1967 1,318,946 11,584,428
1968 1,331,214 11,879,182
1969 1,345,249 12,156,212
1970 1,360,076 12,419,057
1971 1,376,955 12,684,813
1972 1,392,518 12,951,798
1973 1,405,951 13,208,121
1974 1,418,169 13,454,570
1975 1,429,352 13,700,843
1976 1,439,576 13,998,738
1977 1,450,211 14,353,265
1978 1,460,188 14,711,497
1979 1,468,333 14,978,696
1980 1,477,219 15,152,949
1981 1,487,666 15,323,082
1982 1,498,414 15,492,595
1983 1,508,745 15,665,551
1984 1,518,617 15,844,621
1985 1,528,781 16,031,090
1986 1,540,190 16,262,702
1987 1,552,221 16,527,715
1988 1,561,900 16,781,168
1989 1,568,131 16,997,013
1990 1,569,174 17,154,054
1991 1,561,314 17,278,600
1992 1,533,091 17,332,625
1993 1,494,128 17,274,487
1994 1,462,514 17,043,771
1995 1,436,634 16,730,536
1996 1,415,594 16,416,027
1997 1,399,535 16,043,251
1998 1,386,156 15,647,785
1999 1,390,244 15,455,874
2000 1,396,985 15,501,103
2001 1,388,115 15,575,550
2002 1,379,350 15,656,677
2003 1,370,720 15,747,380
2004 1,362,550 15,850,159
2005 1,354,775 15,968,117
2006 1,346,810 16,103,716
2007 1,340,680 16,257,214
2008 1,337,090 16,426,525
2009 1,334,515 16,619,846
2010 1,331,475 16,836,810
2011 1,327,439 17,066,002
2012 1,322,696 17,306,106
2013 1,317,997 17,556,502
2014 1,314,545 17,816,285
2015 1,315,407 18,084,169
2016 1,315,790 18,363,600
2017 1,317,384 18,651,931
2018 1,321,977 18,932,727
2019 1,326,898 19,209,555
2020 1,329,522 19,482,117
2021 1,330,932 19,743,603
2022 1,348,840 20,034,609
2023 1,370,286 20,330,104
2024 1,371,986 20,592,571

Fertility rates in Estonia and Kazakhstan

Fertility rate
Estonia

Kazakhstan
Year Fertility rate
Estonia Kazakhstan
1960 1.98 4.5
1961 1.98 4.42
1962 1.95 4.36
1963 1.89 4.26
1964 1.94 4.07
1965 1.88 3.88
1966 1.87 3.82
1967 1.9 3.77
1968 2.03 3.63
1969 2.13 3.51
1970 2.17 3.51
1971 2.19 3.53
1972 2.13 3.55
1973 2.06 3.51
1974 2.07 3.45
1975 2.04 3.4
1976 2.07 3.33
1977 2.06 3.26
1978 2.02 3.16
1979 2 3.14
1980 2.02 3.09
1981 2.07 3.05
1982 2.07 3.02
1983 2.16 3.07
1984 2.17 3.15
1985 2.13 3.21
1986 2.18 3.19
1987 2.27 3.12
1988 2.27 3
1989 2.22 2.87
1990 2.05 2.75
1991 1.8 2.68
1992 1.71 2.58
1993 1.49 2.48
1994 1.42 2.38
1995 1.38 2.25
1996 1.37 2.08
1997 1.32 1.97
1998 1.28 1.94
1999 1.3 1.9
2000 1.36 1.9
2001 1.32 1.91
2002 1.36 1.96
2003 1.37 2.08
2004 1.47 2.2
2005 1.52 2.27
2006 1.58 2.38
2007 1.69 2.49
2008 1.72 2.62
2009 1.7 2.58
2010 1.72 2.61
2011 1.61 2.61
2012 1.56 2.64
2013 1.52 2.67
2014 1.54 2.76
2015 1.58 2.76
2016 1.6 2.8
2017 1.59 2.75
2018 1.67 2.85
2019 1.66 2.89
2020 1.58 3.13
2021 1.61 3.32
2022 1.41 3.05
2023 1.31 3.01

Estonia and Kazakhstan demographics compared

Median age
Estonia

Kazakhstan
Year Median age, years
Estonia Kazakhstan
1960 32.2 23.2
1961 32.4 23.2
1962 32.5 23.3
1963 32.7 23.3
1964 32.8 23.3
1965 33 23.2
1966 33.2 23.2
1967 33.4 23.2
1968 33.6 23.1
1969 33.7 22.9
1970 33.7 22.8
1971 33.8 22.9
1972 33.9 22.9
1973 34.1 23.1
1974 34.2 23.2
1975 34.2 23.3
1976 34.3 23.3
1977 34.3 23.2
1978 34.2 23.2
1979 34 23
1980 33.9 22.9
1981 33.8 23.2
1982 33.8 23.5
1983 33.9 23.8
1984 33.9 24.1
1985 33.9 24.3
1986 34 24.6
1987 34 24.9
1988 34.1 25.2
1989 34.2 25.5
1990 34.3 25.7
1991 34.6 25.8
1992 35 25.9
1993 35.6 26.1
1994 36 26.3
1995 36.3 26.5
1996 36.7 26.7
1997 37 26.9
1998 37.3 27.1
1999 37.6 27.4
2000 38 27.6
2001 38.3 27.8
2002 38.5 28
2003 38.8 28.2
2004 39.1 28.3
2005 39.3 28.4
2006 39.6 28.4
2007 39.7 28.5
2008 39.8 28.4
2009 40 28.5
2010 40.3 28.6
2011 40.6 28.7
2012 40.9 28.8
2013 41.1 28.9
2014 41.4 29.1
2015 41.5 29.3
2016 41.7 29.5
2017 41.9 29.7
2018 42 29.9
2019 42.2 30.1
2020 42.4 30.2
2021 42.5 30.3
2022 42.7 30.3
2023 42.9 30.4
2024 43.3 30.5

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Estonia and Kazakhstan.

GDP per capita

GDP

Life expectancy

Population

Population density

Fertility rate

Median age

Land area

National statistics comparison

Finance

Estonia Kazakhstan
GNI, Atlas method
$39.4B
2024
$250B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.4%
2025
20.6%
2025
Education expenditure, % of GDP
5.21%
2022
4.85%
2023
Military expenditure, % of GDP
2.87%
2023
0.48%
2023
Armed forces personnel
7,000
2020
71,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-2.69%
2025
-3.15%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.5%
2024
4.86%
2022
Services, % of GDP
65.1%
2024
58.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.5%
2024
31.4%
2024
Economic freedom index
78.9
2025
63.8
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.7%
2023
24.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.1%
2023
4.3%
2021
Number of millionaires n/a
44,307
2024
Percentage of millionaires n/a
0.34%
2024
Number of billionaires
2
2025
6
2025
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
0.00005%
2025
Listed domestic companies
14
2003
79
2024
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$62.8B
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.07B
2024
$45.8B
2024
Personal remittances received
$496M
2024
$240M
2024
International tourist arrivals
1,695,000
2020
2,035,000
2020
International tourism as share of exports
3.98%
2020
1.2%
2020
Banked people share
98.9%
2024
87%
2024

Energy

Estonia Kazakhstan
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,089 kg
2023
3,651 kg
2023
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$15.1
2023
$10.6
2023
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
11.4 megatons
2023
239.9 megatons
2023
CO2 emissions per capita
8.35 tons
2023
11.8 tons
2023
Fossil fuel energy use share
60.9%
2023
98.2%
2022
Renewable energy use share
38%
2021
2%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
2.9%
2023
1.68%
2023
Net energy imports use share
3.77%
2023
-119.1%
2023
Electric power consumption per capita
5,722 kWh
2023
5,146 kWh
2023
Renewable electricity output share
40%
2021
11%
2021
Hydroelectric share
0.42%
2023
7.76%
2023
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Estonia Kazakhstan
% of world population
0.02%
2024
0.25%
2024
Annual migration change
-7,742
2024
-7,368
2024
Urban population
70%
2024
58.4%
2024
Male:Female ratio
50:50
2024
50:50
2024
Average male height
6 ft
2025
5.76 ft
2025
Average female height
5.53 ft
2025
5.31 ft
2025
Quality of life index
82
2025
52.6
2025
Corruption Perceptions Index
76
2024
40
2024
Higher education index
81
2025
46
2025
Homicides per 100K people
1.54
2023
2.63
2022
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
4.5
2019
12.7
2019
Visa free countries
173
2025
95
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.9%
2021
99.8%
2020
English speaking
50.2%
2023
15.4%
2023
People using the Internet
92.2%
2024
93.4%
2024

Health

Estonia Kazakhstan
Government health expenditure per capita
$1,999
2022
$421
2022
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$463
2022
$130
2022
Life expectancy
79.5 years
2025
74.7 years
2025
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.01%
2022
0.24%
2022
Physicians per 1,000 people
3.44
2021
4.03
2020
Age at first childbirth
28.7 years
2023
29.5 years
2021
Maternal mortality per 100K births
5
2023
10
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
2.1
2023
9.6
2023
Obesity rate
22.8%
2022
19%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.9%
2024
6.8%
2024
Air quality index
95
2025
22
2025
Tobacco use prevalence
28.3%
2022
22.2%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
10.7 liters
2020
4.52 liters
2020

Territory

Estonia Kazakhstan
% of world land
0.03%
2025
1.81%
2025
Land area per capita
12,025 sq mi
2024
50,618 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
3,815 sq mi
2025
827,284 sq mi
2025
Forest area
9,415 sq mi
2025
13,677 sq mi
2025
Roads length n/a
59,284 mi
2017

In-depth comparisons

Facts comparisons

Facts vs Estonia vs Kazakhstan
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