Skip to content

Economy of Norway vs Philippines compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Norway has a GDP of $484B compared to $462B for the Philippines, ranking 32/197 and 35/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $207B in government debt (42.7% of GDP), compared to $261B (56.6% of GDP) in the Philippines.

Norway vs Philippines GDP by year

Norway
Philippines
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Philippines
2024 $483,592,648,313 $461,617,509,782
2023 $482,949,731,777 $437,055,627,244
2022 $596,297,651,036 $404,353,369,605
2021 $503,367,986,030 $394,087,359,848
2020 $367,633,418,887 $361,751,145,452
2019 $408,742,840,909 $376,823,402,239
2018 $439,788,625,884 $346,841,896,587
2017 $401,745,275,035 $328,480,736,803
2016 $370,956,547,619 $318,627,003,017
2015 $388,159,512,246 $306,445,871,242
2014 $501,736,471,833 $297,483,555,338
2013 $526,014,468,085 $283,902,828,589
2012 $512,777,309,841 $261,920,540,963
2011 $501,360,549,669 $234,216,730,291
2010 $431,052,143,940 $208,368,893,151
2009 $387,976,400,617 $175,974,755,881
2008 $464,917,553,191 $181,624,626,327
2007 $402,643,260,488 $155,980,408,673
2006 $346,915,160,682 $127,652,926,368
2005 $309,978,579,744 $107,419,977,318
2004 $265,268,662,473 $95,001,999,685
2003 $229,385,469,337 $87,039,092,974
2002 $195,914,852,576 $84,307,345,888
2001 $174,239,354,071 $78,921,234,458
2000 $171,457,201,936 $83,669,788,377
1999 $162,383,706,021 $85,640,171,045
1998 $154,230,295,158 $74,492,416,330
1997 $161,356,631,888 $94,106,317,565
1996 $163,520,109,151 $94,648,084,429
1995 $152,029,612,325 $84,644,328,727
1994 $127,131,319,429 $73,159,336,915
1993 $120,579,213,713 $62,036,529,147
1992 $130,838,040,068 $60,422,328,242
1991 $121,872,464,483 $51,784,144,943
1990 $119,791,843,060 $50,508,286,642
1989 $102,633,934,391 $48,513,773,721
1988 $101,900,260,856 $43,152,128,959
1987 $94,229,907,236 $37,791,488,666
1986 $78,693,118,044 $33,987,207,295
1985 $65,416,879,914 $34,961,486,348
1984 $62,057,955,033 $35,730,185,634
1983 $61,627,240,831 $37,759,179,895
1982 $62,647,195,538 $42,206,011,275
1981 $63,596,654,761 $40,499,388,869
1980 $64,439,382,896 $36,848,080,899
1979 $53,132,244,624 $31,218,296,292
1978 $46,522,900,254 $25,762,224,563
1977 $41,508,030,431 $22,283,109,803
1976 $35,942,270,686 $19,381,055,197
1975 $32,877,805,200 $16,875,240,684
1974 $27,145,693,810 $15,607,882,555
1973 $22,534,253,703 $11,412,449,735
1972 $17,358,610,850 $9,067,815,521
1971 $14,583,114,840 $8,375,075,630
1970 $12,814,123,115 $7,559,115,517
1969 $11,136,187,440 $9,571,800,653
1968 $10,227,087,165 $8,632,749,269
1967 $9,577,383,653 $7,724,873,935
1966 $8,753,940,267 $7,189,017,888
1965 $8,111,945,661 $6,517,349,772
1964 $7,206,522,122 $5,953,756,195
1963 $6,553,269,536 $5,505,023,238
1962 $6,107,076,929 $4,954,593,072
1961 $5,669,689,210 $8,171,194,425
1960 $5,197,398,721 $7,515,894,111

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/philippines | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Philippines by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Philippines
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $86,785 $102,038 $3,985 $11,794
2023 $87,497 $103,638 $3,804 $10,986
2022 $109,270 $125,490 $3,548 $10,131
2021 $93,073 $88,984 $3,484 $8,858
2020 $68,340 $67,111 $3,228 $8,238
2019 $76,431 $70,940 $3,401 $8,924
2018 $82,793 $70,254 $3,169 $8,358
2017 $76,132 $64,590 $3,038 $7,774
2016 $70,867 $59,280 $2,985 $7,383
2015 $74,810 $60,738 $2,910 $6,894
2014 $97,667 $66,332 $2,867 $6,689
2013 $103,554 $67,378 $2,781 $6,373
2012 $102,176 $65,774 $2,615 $6,094
2011 $101,222 $62,460 $2,384 $5,705
2010 $88,163 $58,213 $2,163 $5,489
2009 $80,348 $55,648 $1,864 $5,157
2008 $97,504 $62,073 $1,959 $5,144
2007 $85,502 $56,179 $1,713 $4,923
2006 $74,434 $54,358 $1,426 $4,579
2005 $67,047 $47,967 $1,220 $4,289
2004 $57,769 $42,667 $1,100 $4,037
2003 $50,250 $38,680 $1,027 $3,761
2002 $43,171 $38,056 $1,015 $3,580
2001 $38,602 $37,829 $970 $3,469
2000 $38,178 $36,994 $1,051 $3,366
1999 $36,393 $30,574 $1,101 $3,229
1998 $34,803 $28,200 $983 $3,160
1997 $36,629 $28,610 $1,273 $3,221
1996 $37,322 $26,826 $1,311 $3,082
1995 $34,876 $24,360 $1,200 $2,926
1994 $29,316 $23,027 $1,060 $2,800
1993 $27,964 $21,584 $919 $2,684
1992 $30,524 $20,623 $917 $2,629
1991 $28,597 $19,580 $804 $2,621
1990 $28,243 $18,461 $804 $2,608
1989 $24,281 - $792 -
1988 $24,207 - $722 -
1987 $22,506 - $650 -
1986 $18,883 - $600 -
1985 $15,754 - $633 -
1984 $14,989 - $665 -
1983 $14,928 - $723 -
1982 $15,225 - $833 -
1981 $15,513 - $821 -
1980 $15,772 - $767 -
1979 $13,047 - $667 -
1978 $11,463 - $565 -
1977 $10,266 - $502 -
1976 $8,927 - $449 -
1975 $8,204 - $401 -
1974 $6,812 - $379 -
1973 $5,690 - $283.2 -
1972 $4,414 - $230.1 -
1971 $3,736 - $217.4 -
1970 $3,306 - $200.9 -
1969 $2,894 - $261.1 -
1968 $2,680 - $242.2 -
1967 $2,531 - $223.1 -
1966 $2,333 - $213.8 -
1965 $2,179 - $199.8 -
1964 $1,951 - $188.2 -
1963 $1,787 - $179.5 -
1962 $1,678 - $166.7 -
1961 $1,571 - $283.8 -
1960 $1,451 - $269.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/philippines | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $86,785, ranking 8/197, compared to $3,985 in the Philippines, ranking 130/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794.

Economic indicators

Norway Philippines
Gross domestic product
$484B
2024
$462B
2024
GDP rank
32/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP growth
2.1%
2023-2024
5.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$86,785
2024
$3,985
2024
GDP per capita rank
8/197
2024
130/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$11,794
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
127/197
2024
Government debt
$207B
2024
$261B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.7%
2024
56.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$37,074
2024
$2,257
2024
Government debt per person rank
17/185
2024
117/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$49,765
2026
$3,407
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$252B
2024
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2025
15
2025
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
31.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48.5%
2024
24.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.15%
2023-2024
3.21%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.98%
2024
2.41%
2023
Population
5671119
117991570

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Philippines
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Philippines
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 48.5% 42.7% 24.9% 56.6%
2023 45.9% 44.1% 24.7% 56.5%
2022 37.5% 36.1% 25.9% 57.4%
2021 46.3% 41.6% 27.2% 57%
2020 56.7% 46% 25.9% 51.6%
2019 50.2% 40.5% 21.7% 37%
2018 47.7% 39.3% 20.9% 37.1%
2017 49.2% 38.2% 19.5% 38.1%
2016 50.4% 37.9% 19% 37.4%
2015 48.2% 34.3% 17.8% 39.7%
2014 45.2% 29.6% 16.8% 40.3%
2013 43.5% 31.4% 17.3% 43.9%
2012 42.4% 30.9% 17.7% 45.7%
2011 43.3% 29.6% 17.2% 45.4%
2010 44.5% 43% 18.3% 47.6%
2009 45.6% 42.5% 19.2% 49.8%
2008 39.8% 47.5% 17.9% 50%
2007 41% 49.5% 18.2% 50.2%
2006 40.5% 52.6% 18.3% 57.2%
2005 41.8% 42.3% 18.7% 64.7%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 19.4% 71.1%
2003 47.6% 43.1% 20.4% 71.4%
2002 46.1% 33.9% 20.6% 65.2%
2001 43.2% 27.2% 21% 59.5%
2000 41.3% 28.7% 20.8% 59.2%
1999 46.4% 25% 20.7% 54.2%
1998 47.8% 23.6% 20.3% 50.8%
1997 45.5% 25.8% 20.3% 56.9%
1996 47% 28.4% 19.6% 53.1%
1995 49.3% 32.7% 19.1% 60.8%
1994 49.4% 50.6% 19.7% 63.6%
1993 50.2% 53.7% 17.6% 73.9%
1992 51.3% 45% 18.4% 53.9%
1991 50% 39.2% 18% 55.6%
1990 48.9% 28.9% 18.8% 56.2%
1989 52.2% 30.4% 15.7% 55.2%
1988 52.6% 30.5% 15.9% 69%
1987 50.5% 31.3% 15.7% 79.2%
1986 48.1% 37.8% 13.5% 77.7%
1985 44% 30.2% 11.3% 53.1%
1984 44.5% 27.8% 10.1% 45.8%
1983 46.4% 27.4% 12.2% 43.1%
1982 46.6% 29.7% 12.8% 32.9%
1981 46.1% 32.9% 13.7% 27.6%
1980 46.1% 36.8% 13.4% 24.8%
1979 47.2% 39.6% 11.9% 22.5%
1978 47.9% 49.9% 13.3% 23.1%
1977 46.5% 43.8% 13.3% 19.8%
1976 45.2% 38.5% 13.8% 16.8%
1975 43.5% 36.7% 15.1% 13%
1974 42.2% 35.4% 10.7% 13.4%
1973 42.3% 37.7% 14% 11.5%
1972 42.2% 38.9% 13.4% 14.2%
1971 40.7% 38.5% 11.2% 14.8%
1970 38.9% 38.6% 10.4% 16.8%
1969 38% 22.3% 11.5% 16.4%
1968 36.2% 22.5% 11.2% 15.7%
1967 34.9% 22.6% 10.2% 15.4%
1966 33.5% 22.4% 9.77% 14.4%
1965 32.9% 23% 9.48% 15%
1964 32% 24.2% 9.66% 14.2%
1963 31.9% 25.3% 10.4% 14.1%
1962 30.6% 26.7% 10.8% 15.9%
1961 20.4% 27.7% 9.6% 16.5%
1960 18% 29.8% 10.1% 16.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Norway's government spending was $234B, accounting for 48.5% of its GDP, while the Philippines spent $115B, or 24.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.7% in Norway and 56.6% in the Philippines, ranking 127/185 and 93/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Philippines
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Philippines
2024 13.2% -3.78%
2023 16.6% -4.38%
2022 25.5% -5.48%
2021 10.3% -6.23%
2020 -2.56% -5.55%
2019 6.52% -1.5%
2018 7.81% -1.48%
2017 4.96% -0.75%
2016 4.04% -0.74%
2015 5.99% 0.14%
2014 8.57% 1.32%
2013 10.6% 0.37%
2012 13.7% -0.22%
2011 13.3% -0.38%
2010 10.9% -2.25%
2009 10.2% -2.57%
2008 18.5% 0.02%
2007 17% -0.28%
2006 17.9% -0.05%
2005 14.7% -1.62%
2004 10.8% -2.81%
2003 7.2% -3.49%
2002 9.03% -3.71%
2001 13.2% -3.49%
2000 15% -3.27%
1999 5.71% -2.29%
1998 3.07% -1.31%
1997 7.35% 0.37%
1996 6.01% 0.54%
1995 2.96% -0.02%
1994 0.04% -0.44%
1993 -1.64% 0.63%
1992 -2.07% -0.43%
1991 -0.12% -0.26%
1990 1.95% -1.52%
1989 1.81% -1.64%
1988 2.65% -2.71%
1987 4.56% -1.06%
1986 5.87% -0.55%
1985 9.84% 0.71%
1984 6.97% 0.64%
1983 6.03% 0.1%
1982 3.96% -0.88%
1981 4.82% -1.09%
1980 5.38% 0.56%
1979 2.16% 1.54%
1978 0.94% 0.05%
1977 1.01% -0.42%
1976 2.2% -0.55%
1975 2.88% 0.13%
1974 4.06% 5.94%
1973 4.99% 2.49%
1972 3.93% 3.39%
1971 3.71% -0.96%
1970 2.83% -0.31%
1969 3.57% -2.67%
1968 3.38% -2.33%
1967 4.19% -1.35%
1966 3.59% -0.74%
1965 2.78% -1.53%
1964 3.08% -0.99%
1963 2.6% -0.68%
1962 4% -0.43%
1961 -0.7% -0.29%
1960 1.42% -1.06%
1959 1.89% -0.15%
1958 1.7% -0.21%
1957 1.55% -0.56%
1956 1.22% -0.77%
1955 0.82% -1.3%
1954 -0.54% -0.79%
1953 1.3% -0.88%
1952 2.15% 0.49%
1951 1.59% 1.5%
1950 -0.89% -0.19%
1949 -0.72% -2.33%
1948 -0.35% -0.65%
1947 -4.66% 0.05%
1946 -3.82% -2.54%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -0.54% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 -0.16% -
1936 -0.7% -
1935 -1.1% -
1934 -0.59% -
1933 -1.29% -
1932 -1.14% -
1931 -1.15% -
1930 -0.46% -
1929 -0.83% -
1928 -0.81% -
1927 -0.76% -
1926 -1.59% -
1925 -1.92% -
1924 -2.96% -
1923 -3.58% -
1922 -4.28% -
1921 -5.47% -
1920 -1.15% -
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $64.1B, equivalent to 13.2% of GDP. This compares to the Philippines' deficit of $17.5B, or 3.78% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 5 of those years, while the Philippines ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 6.38% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.98% of GDP for the Philippines.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Philippines
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Philippines
2024 3.15% 3.21%
2023 5.52% 5.98%
2022 5.76% 5.82%
2021 3.48% 3.93%
2020 1.29% 2.39%
2019 2.17% 2.39%
2018 2.76% 5.31%
2017 1.88% 2.85%
2016 3.55% 1.25%
2015 2.17% 0.67%
2014 2.04% 3.6%
2013 2.12% 2.58%
2012 0.7% 3.03%
2011 1.28% 4.72%
2010 2.42% 3.79%
2009 2.2% 4.22%
2008 3.75% 8.26%
2007 0.71% 2.9%
2006 2.33% 5.49%
2005 1.53% 6.52%
2004 0.45% 4.83%
2003 2.49% 2.29%
2002 1.29% 2.72%
2001 3% 5.35%
2000 3.09% 3.98%
1999 2.37% 5.94%
1998 2.25% 9.23%
1997 2.57% 5.59%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/philippines | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.44%, compared with 4.24% in the Philippines. In 2024, inflation was 3.15% in Norway and 3.21% in the Philippines.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $27.9M
Animal & marine products $24.2M
Miscellaneous $18.5M
Chemicals & pharma $3.21M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.08M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $651K
Metals $372K
Wood & paper products $182K
Raw materials & minerals $177K
Precious metals & jewellery $6K
Philippines
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $2.26M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.11M
Machinery & equipment $1.8M
Raw materials & minerals $1.06M
Textiles & consumer goods $609K
Weapons & explosives $356K
Wood & paper products $302K
Chemicals & pharma $218K
Precious metals & jewellery $186K
Metals $167K

Balance of trade

Norway Philippines
Current account balance
$71.6B
2024
-$18.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
11/190
2024
183/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14.8%
2024
-3.96%
2024
Goods imports
$97.5B
2024
$124B
2024
Goods exports
$162B
2024
$55.1B
2024
Service imports
$63.6B
2024
$37.6B
2024
Service exports
$55.6B
2024
$51.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
40.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.5%
2024
25.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Philippines
Economic freedom 78.8 62.9
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 85/197
Property rights 99.6 45.8
Government integrity 94.3 35.4
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 41.8
Tax burden 63.3 78.3
Government spending 42 81
Fiscal health 96.4 60.5
Business freedom 91.2 69.2
Labor freedom 69.3 57.8
Monetary freedom 72.4 72.1
Trade freedom 85.6 83
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Philippines
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Philippines
2026 78.8 62.9
2025 78.3 60.6
2024 77.5 59
2023 76.9 59.3
2022 76.9 61.1
2021 73.4 64.1
2020 73.4 64.5
2019 73 63.8
2018 74.3 65
2017 74 65.6
2016 70.8 63.1
2015 71.8 62.2
2014 70.9 60.1
2013 70.5 58.2
2012 68.8 57.1
2011 70.3 56.2
2010 69.4 56.3
2009 70.2 56.8
2008 68.6 56
2007 67.9 56
2006 67.9 56.3
2005 64.5 54.7
2004 66.2 59.1
2003 67.2 61.3
2002 67.4 60.7
2001 67.1 60.9
2000 70.1 62.5
1999 68.6 61.9
1998 68 62.8
1997 65.1 62.2
1996 65.4 60.2
1995 - 55

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/philippines | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 62.9 for the Philippines, ranking 85/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Philippines
Services, % of GDP
51.8%
2024
63.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
37%
2024
27.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.08%
2024
9.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$547B
2024
$518B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$106,830
2024
$13,330
2024
Total reserves including gold
$81.2B
2024
$106B
2024
Total reserves ranking
32/177
2024
27/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$7.83B
2024
-$6.57B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12B
2024
$9.44B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.95B
2024
$2.87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.45%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
15.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
23.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/philippines | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.