Skip to content

Economy of Bahamas vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Bahamas has a GDP of $15.8B compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 140/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Bahamas has $11.5B in government debt (72.5% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Bahamas vs Norway GDP by year

Bahamas
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bahamas Norway
2024 $15,832,800,000 $483,592,648,313
2023 $15,271,300,000 $482,949,731,777
2022 $13,896,800,000 $596,297,651,036
2021 $12,037,000,000 $503,367,986,030
2020 $10,363,200,000 $367,633,418,887
2019 $13,277,000,000 $408,742,840,909
2018 $12,819,200,000 $439,788,625,884
2017 $12,446,900,000 $401,745,275,035
2016 $11,880,900,000 $370,956,547,619
2015 $11,837,600,000 $388,159,512,246
2014 $11,139,100,000 $501,736,471,833
2013 $10,475,300,000 $526,014,468,085
2012 $10,720,400,000 $512,777,309,841
2011 $10,070,450,000 $501,360,549,669
2010 $10,095,760,000 $431,052,143,940
2009 $9,981,960,000 $387,976,400,617
2008 $10,526,000,000 $464,917,553,191
2007 $10,618,340,000 $402,643,260,488
2006 $10,167,250,000 $346,915,160,682
2005 $9,836,200,000 $309,978,579,744
2004 $9,055,290,000 $265,268,662,473
2003 $8,870,090,000 $229,385,469,337
2002 $8,881,160,000 $195,914,852,576
2001 $8,317,830,000 $174,239,354,071
2000 $8,076,470,000 $171,457,201,936
1999 $7,683,870,000 $162,383,706,021
1998 $6,833,220,000 $154,230,295,158
1997 $6,332,360,000 $161,356,631,888
1996 $3,609,000,000 $163,520,109,151
1995 $3,429,000,000 $152,029,612,325
1994 $3,259,000,000 $127,131,319,429
1993 $3,092,000,000 $120,579,213,713
1992 $3,109,000,000 $130,838,040,068
1991 $3,111,160,000 $121,872,464,483
1990 $3,166,000,000 $119,791,843,060
1989 $3,062,000,000 $102,633,934,391
1988 $2,817,900,000 $101,900,260,856
1987 $2,713,999,900 $94,229,907,236
1986 $2,472,500,000 $78,693,118,044
1985 $2,320,699,900 $65,416,879,914
1984 $2,041,100,000 $62,057,955,033
1983 $1,732,800,000 $61,627,240,831
1982 $1,578,300,000 $62,647,195,538
1981 $1,426,500,000 $63,596,654,761
1980 $1,335,300,000 $64,439,382,896
1979 $1,139,800,100 $53,132,244,624
1978 $832,400,000 $46,522,900,254
1977 $713,000,000 $41,508,030,431
1976 $642,100,000 $35,942,270,686
1975 $596,200,000 $32,877,805,200
1974 $632,400,000 $27,145,693,810
1973 $670,900,000 $22,534,253,703
1972 $590,900,000 $17,358,610,850
1971 $573,400,000 $14,583,114,840
1970 $539,500,000 $12,814,123,115
1969 $538,700,000 $11,136,187,440
1968 $453,800,000 $10,227,087,165
1967 $398,000,000 $9,577,383,653
1966 $346,800,000 $8,753,940,267
1965 $300,272,048 $8,111,945,661
1964 $266,560,043 $7,206,522,122
1963 $237,650,038 $6,553,269,536
1962 $212,170,034 $6,107,076,929
1961 $190,022,030 $5,669,689,210
1960 $169,736,027 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bahamas vs Norway by year

Bahamas
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bahamas Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $39,455 $41,198 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $38,232 $39,090 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $34,957 $36,791 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $30,368 $31,065 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $26,179 $27,205 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $33,640 $36,116 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $32,642 $35,228 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $31,875 $34,282 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $30,617 $32,285 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $30,719 $32,138 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $29,137 $31,726 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $27,643 $30,294 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $28,552 $31,036 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $27,091 $30,074 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $27,473 $29,625 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $27,513 $29,197 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $29,392 $30,679 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $30,052 $31,232 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $29,185 $30,402 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $28,602 $29,143 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $26,650 $27,660 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $26,429 $27,031 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $26,782 $27,171 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $25,372 $26,351 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $24,940 $25,422 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $24,041 $24,184 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $21,667 $22,556 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $20,368 $21,606 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $11,784 $21,287 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $11,375 $20,377 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $10,991 $19,441 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $10,613 $18,781 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $10,873 $18,636 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $11,082 $19,296 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $11,473 $19,817 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $11,291 - $24,281 -
1988 $10,576 - $24,207 -
1987 $10,361 - $22,506 -
1986 $9,601 - $18,883 -
1985 $9,167 - $15,754 -
1984 $8,202 - $14,989 -
1983 $7,081 - $14,928 -
1982 $6,559 - $15,225 -
1981 $6,029 - $15,513 -
1980 $5,743 - $15,772 -
1979 $4,994 - $13,047 -
1978 $3,720 - $11,463 -
1977 $3,253 - $10,266 -
1976 $2,993 - $8,927 -
1975 $2,841 - $8,204 -
1974 $3,080 - $6,812 -
1973 $3,341 - $5,690 -
1972 $3,014 - $4,414 -
1971 $3,004 - $3,736 -
1970 $2,916 - $3,306 -
1969 $3,027 - $2,894 -
1968 $2,668 - $2,680 -
1967 $2,453 - $2,531 -
1966 $2,239 - $2,333 -
1965 $2,030 - $2,179 -
1964 $1,883 - $1,951 -
1963 $1,759 - $1,787 -
1962 $1,651 - $1,678 -
1961 $1,555 - $1,571 -
1960 $1,459 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/norway | CC BY

The Bahamas' GDP per capita is $39,455, ranking 30/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Bahamas ranks 57th at $41,198, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Bahamas Norway
Gross domestic product
$15.8B
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
140/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
3.38%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$39,455
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
30/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$41,198
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
57/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$11.5B
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
72.5%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$28,616
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
25/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$29,535
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.6%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.41%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4%
2016
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.65%
2023
3.98%
2024
Population
405203
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bahamas
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bahamas Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 20.6% 72.5% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 22.2% 74.8% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 23.9% 79.1% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 26.9% 84.5% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 28.2% 81.9% 56.7% 46%
2019 19.9% 59.3% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 19.2% 60.6% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 22.5% 53.4% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 19.4% 51% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 17.9% 48.5% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 17.6% 46.3% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 18.4% 44.8% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 16.5% 36.4% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 17.1% 35.3% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 15.3% 33.7% 44.5% 43%
2009 15.6% 30.9% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 14.4% 25.5% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 13.3% 23% 41% 49.5%
2006 13% 22.8% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 12.3% 22% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 12.4% 21.4% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 11.8% 20.9% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 11.3% 18.8% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 11.2% 18.2% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 11.3% 18.7% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 8.78% 18.7% 46.4% 25%
1998 11.6% 20% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 12.5% 20.8% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 11.2% 20.2% 47% 28.4%
1995 11.2% 20.5% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 11.4% 20.4% 49.4% 50.6%
1993 11.5% 19.8% 50.2% 53.7%
1992 11.8% 17.9% 51.3% 45%
1991 12% 15.4% 50% 39.2%
1990 11.4% 13.2% 48.9% 28.9%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/norway | CC BY

In 2024, the Bahamas' government spending was $3.26B, accounting for 20.6% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 72.5% in the Bahamas and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 53/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bahamas

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bahamas Norway
2024 -1.18% 13.2%
2023 -3.49% 16.6%
2022 -5.16% 25.5%
2021 -11.1% 10.3%
2020 -8.09% -2.56%
2019 -1.65% 6.52%
2018 -3.24% 7.81%
2017 -5.92% 4.96%
2016 -2.61% 4.04%
2015 -3.24% 5.99%
2014 -4.38% 8.57%
2013 -5.16% 10.6%
2012 -3.15% 13.7%
2011 -2.87% 13.3%
2010 -2.56% 10.9%
2009 -2.45% 10.2%
2008 -0.83% 18.5%
2007 -0.76% 17%
2006 -0.43% 17.9%
2005 -1.11% 14.7%
2004 -1.93% 10.8%
2003 -1.63% 7.2%
2002 -1.62% 9.03%
2001 0.3% 13.2%
2000 0.09% 15%
1999 1.68% 5.71%
1998 -0.41% 3.07%
1997 -1.56% 7.35%
1996 -0.15% 6.01%
1995 0.18% 2.96%
1994 -0.39% 0.04%
1993 -1.05% -1.64%
1992 -2.23% -2.07%
1991 -2.29% -0.12%
1990 -2.64% 1.95%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/norway | CC BY

In 2024, the Bahamas' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $187M, equivalent to 1.18% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, the Bahamas recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, the Bahamas posted an annual deficit equal to 2.37% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.75% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bahamas

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bahamas Norway
2024 0.41% 3.15%
2023 3.05% 5.52%
2022 5.61% 5.76%
2021 2.9% 3.48%
2020 0.04% 1.29%
2019 2.49% 2.17%
2018 2.27% 2.76%
2017 1.52% 1.88%
2016 -0.35% 3.55%
2015 1.86% 2.17%
2014 1.51% 2.04%
2013 0.72% 2.12%
2012 1.97% 0.7%
2011 3.2% 1.28%
2010 1.34% 2.42%
2009 2.06% 2.2%
2008 4.49% 3.75%
2007 2.49% 0.71%
2006 2.39% 2.33%
2005 1.59% 1.53%
2004 0.98% 0.45%
2003 3.03% 2.49%
2002 2.17% 1.29%
2001 2.04% 3%
2000 1.61% 3.09%
1999 1.25% 2.37%
1998 1.34% 2.25%
1997 0.54% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Bahamas has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 0.41% in the Bahamas and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Bahamas
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $19K
Precious metals & jewellery $16K
Textiles & consumer goods $13K
Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.92M
Animal & marine products $766K
Metals $233K
Textiles & consumer goods $199K
Chemicals & pharma $62K
Miscellaneous $41K
Raw materials & minerals $16K
Precious metals & jewellery $10K
Wood & paper products $5K
Weapons & explosives $4K

Balance of trade

Bahamas Norway
Current account balance
-$1.05B
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
127/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-6.65%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$4.6B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$874M
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$2.47B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$5.9B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.5%
2024
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.8%
2024
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bahamas Norway
Economic freedom 65.1 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 66/197 9/197
Property rights 62.7 99.6
Government integrity 67.1 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 79.8 96.4
Tax burden 96.1 63.3
Government spending 83.8 42
Fiscal health 9.1 96.4
Business freedom 69.4 91.2
Labor freedom 66.5 69.3
Monetary freedom 77.2 72.4
Trade freedom 59.4 85.6
Investment freedom 50 75
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bahamas
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bahamas Norway
2026 65.1 78.8
2025 63.2 78.3
2024 62.5 77.5
2023 62.6 76.9
2022 68.7 76.9
2021 64.6 73.4
2020 64.5 73.4
2019 62.9 73
2018 63.3 74.3
2017 61.1 74
2016 70.9 70.8
2015 68.7 71.8
2014 69.8 70.9
2013 70.1 70.5
2012 68 68.8
2011 68 70.3
2010 67.3 69.4
2009 70.3 70.2
2008 71.1 68.6
2007 72 67.9
2006 72.3 67.9
2005 72.6 64.5
2004 72.1 66.2
2003 73.5 67.2
2002 74.4 67.4
2001 74.8 67.1
2000 73.9 70.1
1999 74.7 68.6
1998 74.5 68
1997 74.5 65.1
1996 74 65.4
1995 71.8 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Bahamas is 65.1, ranking 66/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bahamas Norway
Services, % of GDP
77.2%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
9.63%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.51%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$14.9B
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$39,550
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.51B
2023
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
122/177
2023
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$77.6M
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$241M
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$163M
2024
$4.95B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.3%
2020
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bahamas/norway | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.