Myanmar ranked 85/197 by economy size with a GDP of $74.1B and 165/197 by GDP per capita at $1,359. Myanmar has $44B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 59.3%.
In 2024, Myanmar made up 0.07% of the world's economy, compared to 0.04% in 1960.
Myanmar GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $74,068,349,524 | -0.97% |
| 2023 | $66,757,619,000 | 0.96% |
| 2022 | $62,253,049,903 | 4.04% |
| 2021 | $66,345,291,149 | -12% |
| 2020 | $79,006,113,670 | -9.05% |
| 2019 | $75,065,106,243 | 6.58% |
| 2018 | $67,860,515,993 | 6.27% |
| 2017 | $66,053,040,475 | 6.14% |
| 2016 | $63,298,361,984 | 5.86% |
| 2015 | $59,607,290,408 | 6.99% |
| 2014 | $65,531,374,210 | 8.17% |
| 2013 | $60,269,732,855 | 8.43% |
| 2012 | $59,937,796,648 | 7.33% |
| 2011 | $59,977,326,086 | 5.59% |
| 2010 | $49,540,813,342 | 9.63% |
| 2009 | $36,906,181,381 | 10.6% |
| 2008 | $31,862,554,102 | 10.3% |
| 2007 | $20,182,477,481 | 12% |
| 2006 | $14,502,553,710 | 13.1% |
| 2005 | $11,986,972,419 | 13.6% |
| 2004 | $10,567,354,056 | 13.6% |
| 2003 | $10,467,109,978 | 13.8% |
| 2002 | $6,777,632,512 | 12% |
| 2001 | $6,477,790,688 | 11.3% |
| 2000 | $8,905,066,164 | 13.7% |
| 1999 | $8,486,832,801 | 10.9% |
| 1998 | $6,459,461,639 | 5.87% |
| 1997 | $4,722,288,496 | 5.65% |
| 1996 | $6,123,556,717 | 6.44% |
| 1995 | $5,289,174,943 | 6.95% |
| 1994 | $4,432,257,174 | 7.48% |
| 1993 | $3,163,020,035 | 6.04% |
| 1992 | $2,411,552,289 | 9.66% |
| 1991 | $2,069,832,687 | -0.65% |
| 1990 | $2,115,193,513 | 2.82% |
| 1989 | $2,013,448,229 | 3.7% |
| 1988 | $1,541,088,312 | -11.4% |
| 1987 | $1,562,448,077 | -4.01% |
| 1986 | $1,582,873,750 | -1.06% |
| 1985 | $1,478,908,173 | 2.85% |
| 1984 | $1,304,063,253 | 4.93% |
| 1983 | $1,381,573,615 | 4.39% |
| 1982 | $1,481,165,468 | 5.6% |
| 1981 | $1,111,000,765 | 6.36% |
| 1980 | $1,038,225,167 | 7.94% |
| 1979 | $952,265,043 | 5.2% |
| 1978 | $935,408,775 | 6.52% |
| 1977 | $873,579,932 | 5.95% |
| 1976 | $1,204,699,849 | 6.08% |
| 1975 | $1,061,107,354 | 4.15% |
| 1974 | $1,225,589,878 | 5.34% |
| 1973 | $719,754,655 | -0.97% |
| 1972 | $662,213,083 | 2.44% |
| 1971 | $587,448,405 | 4.13% |
| 1970 | $563,555,631 | 4.98% |
| 1969 | $571,854,215 | 3.29% |
| 1968 | $559,956,130 | 12.1% |
| 1967 | $420,359,036 | -5.93% |
| 1966 | $293,103,479 | -4.85% |
| 1965 | $367,053,117 | 10.7% |
| 1964 | $411,419,906 | -5.89% |
| 1963 | $598,998,419 | 13.3% |
| 1962 | $634,528,872 | 4.09% |
| 1961 | $605,581,577 | 0.47% |
| 1960 | $545,098,448 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar | CC BY 
Myanmar GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $1,359 | $5,997 |
| 2023 | $1,233 | $5,953 |
| 2022 | $1,158 | $5,732 |
| 2021 | $1,243 | $5,178 |
| 2020 | $1,490 | $5,741 |
| 2019 | $1,426 | $6,101 |
| 2018 | $1,298 | $5,581 |
| 2017 | $1,273 | $4,706 |
| 2016 | $1,229 | $4,460 |
| 2015 | $1,167 | $4,459 |
| 2014 | $1,293 | $4,376 |
| 2013 | $1,199 | $4,144 |
| 2012 | $1,203 | $3,845 |
| 2011 | $1,214 | $3,579 |
| 2010 | $1,011 | $3,348 |
| 2009 | $758 | $3,040 |
| 2008 | $658 | $2,748 |
| 2007 | $419 | $2,459 |
| 2006 | $303 | $2,153 |
| 2005 | $252.7 | $1,860 |
| 2004 | $224.5 | $1,601 |
| 2003 | $224.3 | $1,385 |
| 2002 | $146.6 | $1,204 |
| 2001 | $141.5 | $1,069 |
| 2000 | $196.6 | $949 |
| 1999 | $189.5 | $825 |
| 1998 | $146 | $742 |
| 1997 | $108 | $702 |
| 1996 | $141.9 | $661 |
| 1995 | $124.1 | $618 |
| 1994 | $105.4 | $573 |
| 1993 | $76.2 | $529 |
| 1992 | $58.9 | $494 |
| 1991 | $51.2 | $447 |
| 1990 | $53.1 | $441 |
| 1989 | $51.3 | - |
| 1988 | $39.9 | - |
| 1987 | $41.1 | - |
| 1986 | $42.4 | - |
| 1985 | $40.4 | - |
| 1984 | $36.3 | - |
| 1983 | $39.3 | - |
| 1982 | $43 | - |
| 1981 | $32.8 | - |
| 1980 | $31.2 | - |
| 1979 | $29.2 | - |
| 1978 | $29.3 | - |
| 1977 | $27.9 | - |
| 1976 | $39.2 | - |
| 1975 | $35.2 | - |
| 1974 | $41.4 | - |
| 1973 | $24.8 | - |
| 1972 | $23.3 | - |
| 1971 | $21.1 | - |
| 1970 | $20.7 | - |
| 1969 | $21.5 | - |
| 1968 | $21.5 | - |
| 1967 | $16.5 | - |
| 1966 | $11.8 | - |
| 1965 | $15.1 | - |
| 1964 | $17.3 | - |
| 1963 | $25.8 | - |
| 1962 | $27.9 | - |
| 1961 | $27.3 | - |
| 1960 | $25.1 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar | CC BY
Myanmar has a GDP per capita of $1,359, ranking 165/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $5,997, ranking 153/197, and a median annual after tax income of $1,646, ranking 178/197.
Myanmar GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | 84 | 155 | 140 |
| 2023 | 86 | 166 | 147 |
| 2022 | 85 | 167 | 147 |
| 2021 | 79 | 165 | 149 |
| 2020 | 66 | 159 | 139 |
| 2019 | 70 | 160 | 134 |
| 2018 | 73 | 162 | 137 |
| 2017 | 73 | 162 | 144 |
| 2016 | 71 | 163 | 145 |
| 2015 | 73 | 166 | 141 |
| 2014 | 73 | 161 | 140 |
| 2013 | 76 | 167 | 140 |
| 2012 | 72 | 163 | 141 |
| 2011 | 73 | 162 | 143 |
| 2010 | 77 | 165 | 146 |
| 2009 | 82 | 172 | 150 |
| 2008 | 84 | 174 | 154 |
| 2007 | 98 | 184 | 159 |
| 2006 | 102 | 190 | 161 |
| 2005 | 101 | 190 | 164 |
| 2004 | 98 | 189 | 167 |
| 2003 | 95 | 189 | 172 |
| 2002 | 106 | 191 | 177 |
| 2001 | 106 | 190 | 178 |
| 2000 | 95 | 186 | 182 |
| 1999 | 93 | 184 | 180 |
| 1998 | 103 | 187 | 178 |
| 1997 | 116 | 191 | 177 |
| 1996 | 103 | 187 | 175 |
| 1995 | 108 | 188 | 176 |
| 1994 | 104 | 185 | 176 |
| 1993 | 118 | 183 | 176 |
| 1992 | 127 | 183 | 178 |
| 1991 | 135 | 182 | 178 |
| 1990 | 135 | 182 | 176 |
| 1989 | 119 | 166 | - |
| 1988 | 125 | 166 | - |
| 1987 | 121 | 164 | - |
| 1986 | 111 | 159 | - |
| 1985 | 110 | 159 | - |
| 1984 | 111 | 157 | - |
| 1983 | 109 | 156 | - |
| 1982 | 107 | 156 | - |
| 1981 | 117 | 156 | - |
| 1980 | 118 | 156 | - |
| 1979 | 111 | 147 | - |
| 1978 | 105 | 146 | - |
| 1977 | 101 | 146 | - |
| 1976 | 95 | 143 | - |
| 1975 | 95 | 143 | - |
| 1974 | 92 | 140 | - |
| 1973 | 94 | 140 | - |
| 1972 | 91 | 140 | - |
| 1971 | 91 | 140 | - |
| 1970 | 90 | 140 | - |
| 1969 | 85 | 121 | - |
| 1968 | 85 | 121 | - |
| 1967 | 89 | 120 | - |
| 1966 | 93 | 117 | - |
| 1965 | 87 | 116 | - |
| 1964 | 81 | 113 | - |
| 1963 | 74 | 113 | - |
| 1962 | 72 | 113 | - |
| 1961 | 70 | 111 | - |
| 1960 | 69 | 109 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2024 Myanmar is ranked 84th out of 182 by GDP (up from 95th), 155th by GDP per capita (up from 186th), and 140th by GDP per capita PPP (up from 182nd).
Economic indicators
Myanmar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$74.1B
2024 |
85/197 |
| GDP growth |
-0.97%
2023-2024 |
181/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$1,359
2024 |
165/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$5,997
2024 |
153/197 |
| Government debt |
$44B
2024 |
78/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
59.3%
2024 |
81/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$806
2024 |
150/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,646
2026 |
178/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
25.5%
2017 |
110/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.8%
2017 |
18/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
20.7%
2024 |
147/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
8.83%
2018-2019 |
33/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
1.48%
2020 |
184/196 |
| Population |
55292116
|
27/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2024 | 20.7% | 59.3% | -5.06% |
| 2023 | 21.4% | 59.1% | -5.18% |
| 2022 | 21.3% | 56.1% | -2.82% |
| 2021 | 20.9% | 63.4% | -2.47% |
| 2020 | 21.3% | 49.1% | -6.5% |
| 2019 | 20.5% | 37.6% | -4.7% |
| 2018 | 18.7% | 39.9% | -2.77% |
| 2017 | 19.7% | 41.9% | -3.42% |
| 2016 | 21.3% | 35.7% | -2.53% |
| 2015 | 23.7% | 36.6% | -4.33% |
| 2014 | 24.7% | 34.5% | -1.06% |
| 2013 | 23.9% | 44.8% | -1.53% |
| 2012 | 20% | 48% | -2.7% |
| 2011 | 15.6% | 49.9% | -4.82% |
| 2010 | 15.8% | 54.4% | -5.4% |
| 2009 | 14.4% | 56.4% | -3.55% |
| 2008 | 14.4% | 59.8% | -2.73% |
| 2007 | 15.7% | 77.4% | -3.52% |
| 2006 | 15.6% | 103.1% | -3.42% |
| 2005 | 14.6% | 119% | -3.49% |
| 2004 | 14.6% | 126.6% | -4.62% |
| 2003 | 14.3% | 146% | -4.24% |
| 2002 | 15.3% | 190.6% | -4.01% |
| 2001 | 19.1% | 262% | -6.34% |
| 2000 | 21.4% | 164.5% | -6.03% |
| 1999 | 22.8% | 150.7% | -4.46% |
| 1998 | 25.2% | 208.6% | -4.89% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar | CC BY
This chart shows Myanmar's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 27 years, Myanmar recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 3.95% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $15.3B (20.7% of GDP), with a deficit of 5.06%.
The national debt reached $44B, ranking 78th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 59.3%, ranking 81st.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2019 | 8.83% |
| 2018 | 6.87% |
| 2017 | 4.57% |
| 2016 | 6.93% |
| 2015 | 9.45% |
| 2014 | 4.95% |
| 2013 | 5.64% |
| 2012 | 1.47% |
| 2011 | 5.02% |
| 2010 | 7.72% |
| 2009 | 1.47% |
| 2008 | 26.8% |
| 2007 | 35% |
| 2006 | 20% |
| 2005 | 9.37% |
| 2004 | 4.53% |
| 2003 | 36.6% |
| 2002 | 57.1% |
| 2001 | 21.1% |
| 2000 | -0.11% |
| 1999 | 18.4% |
| 1998 | 51.5% |
| 1997 | 29.7% |
| 1996 | 16.3% |
| 1995 | 25.2% |
| 1994 | 24.1% |
| 1993 | 31.8% |
| 1992 | 21.9% |
| 1991 | 32.3% |
| 1990 | 17.6% |
| 1989 | 27.2% |
| 1988 | 16% |
| 1987 | 24.8% |
| 1986 | 9.33% |
| 1985 | 6.81% |
| 1984 | 4.85% |
| 1983 | 5.65% |
| 1982 | 5.3% |
| 1981 | 0.32% |
| 1980 | 0.61% |
| 1979 | 5.67% |
| 1978 | -6.04% |
| 1977 | -1.16% |
| 1976 | 22.4% |
| 1975 | 31.7% |
| 1974 | 25.2% |
| 1973 | 25.2% |
| 1972 | 7.64% |
| 1971 | 2.09% |
| 1970 | -4.01% |
| 1969 | -4.34% |
| 1968 | 2.38% |
| 1967 | 0.83% |
| 1966 | 25.5% |
| 1965 | 17.7% |
| 1964 | -0.46% |
| 1963 | -2.68% |
| 1962 | -1.61% |
| 1961 | -0.15% |
| 1960 | 7.39% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2019, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Myanmar has had an average annual inflation rate of 13.7%. In 2019, inflation was 8.83%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Myanmar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
$67.7M
2019 |
71/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+0.09%
2019 |
75/190 |
| Goods imports |
$13.7B
2019 |
99/189 |
| Goods exports |
$10.8B
2019 |
98/189 |
| Service imports |
$3.66B
2019 |
100/189 |
| Service exports |
$6.68B
2019 |
86/189 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
24.3%
2025 |
133/193 |
Myanmar top 10 trading partners
Myanmar's biggest trading partner accounting for 28.1% of all exports and imports is China, with a trade balance between the two of -$718M: Myanmar exports $3.46B worth of goods and services to China and imports $4.17B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Myanmar.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
China
|
$7.63B | 28.1% | $3.46B | $4.17B | Raw materials & minerals | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 2 |
Thailand
|
$4.07B | 15% | $2.9B | $1.16B | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 3 |
Singapore
|
$3.23B | 11.9% | $127M | $3.11B | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 4 |
India
|
$1.64B | 6.01% | $1.28B | $359M | Raw agricultural goods | Chemicals & pharma |
| 5 |
Malaysia
|
$1.5B | 5.51% | $238M | $1.26B | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 6 |
Japan
|
$1.21B | 4.46% | $1.07B | $138M | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
Indonesia
|
$1.19B | 4.38% | $514M | $678M | Raw agricultural goods | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 8 |
Germany
|
$707M | 2.6% | $632M | $74.7M | Textiles & consumer goods | Chemicals & pharma |
| 9 |
South Korea
|
$609M | 2.24% | $449M | $160M | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
United States
|
$586M | 2.15% | $473M | $113M | Textiles & consumer goods | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
Top 10 exports
|
Myanmar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Textiles & consumer goods | $4.64B | 42/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $4.63B | 30/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $3.72B | 84/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $3.24B | 88/188 |
| Manufacturing & construction services | $1.62B | 35/164 |
| Business & finance services | $1.35B | 72/188 |
| Animal & marine products | $664M | 66/192 |
| Machinery & equipment | $526M | 92/193 |
| Metals | $363M | 96/192 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $208M | 118/192 |
Top 10 imports
|
Myanmar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Raw materials & minerals | $5.23B | 72/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $2.22B | 73/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $1.71B | 109/188 |
| Machinery & equipment | $1.51B | 132/193 |
| Business & finance services | $1.16B | 82/188 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.1B | 107/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $975M | 101/193 |
| Metals | $769M | 104/193 |
| IT & IP services | $270M | 86/182 |
| Wood & paper products | $225M | 113/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Myanmar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 44.5 | 180/197 |
| Property rights | 5.7 | 175/182 |
| Government integrity | 18.1 | 163/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 3.9 | 178/182 |
| Tax burden | 88.6 | 37/182 |
| Government spending | 86.6 | 40/180 |
| Fiscal health | 62.7 | 113/181 |
| Business freedom | 37.9 | 158/182 |
| Labor freedom | 53.2 | 121/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 57.5 | 158/180 |
| Trade freedom | 69.4 | 99/181 |
| Investment freedom | 30 | 152/181 |
| Financial freedom | 20 | 168/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 44.5 | 3.9 | 88.6 | 86.6 | 62.7 |
| 2025 | 43.7 | 4.2 | 88.6 | 84 | 39.9 |
| 2024 | 42.2 | 6.5 | 88.5 | 86.3 | 12.8 |
| 2023 | 46.5 | 29.3 | 88.5 | 86.4 | 38.8 |
| 2022 | 49.6 | 16.7 | 87.2 | 86.8 | 67.2 |
| 2021 | 55.2 | 19.7 | 87.2 | 87.1 | 81.9 |
| 2020 | 54 | 14.3 | 86.6 | 87.5 | 84.6 |
| 2019 | 53.6 | 18.1 | 86.6 | 85.4 | 78.3 |
| 2018 | 53.9 | 17.6 | 86.3 | 84.7 | 89.2 |
| 2017 | 52.5 | 12.9 | 86.2 | 81.5 | 89.9 |
| 2016 | 48.7 | - | 86.6 | 75.3 | - |
| 2015 | 46.9 | - | 86.9 | 77.9 | - |
| 2014 | 46.5 | - | 86.9 | 89.2 | - |
| 2013 | 39.2 | - | 81.9 | 96.8 | - |
| 2012 | 38.7 | - | 82 | 96 | - |
| 2011 | 37.8 | - | 81.9 | 98.1 | - |
| 2010 | 36.7 | - | 81.9 | 98.4 | - |
| 2009 | 37.7 | - | 81.8 | 98.5 | - |
| 2008 | 39.5 | - | 81.7 | 97 | - |
| 2007 | 41 | - | 81.9 | 98 | - |
| 2006 | 40 | - | 81.9 | 97.3 | - |
| 2005 | 40.5 | - | 82 | 97.8 | - |
| 2004 | 43.6 | - | 81.9 | 98.7 | - |
| 2003 | 44.9 | - | 81.9 | 98.7 | - |
| 2002 | 45.5 | - | 74.9 | 95.7 | - |
| 2001 | 46.1 | - | 74.9 | 95.7 | - |
| 2000 | 47.9 | - | 81.8 | 97 | - |
| 1999 | 46.4 | - | 81.9 | 95 | - |
| 1998 | 45.7 | - | 81.9 | 84.3 | - |
| 1997 | 45.4 | - | 81.8 | 85.2 | - |
| 1996 | 45.1 | - | 81.8 | 81.3 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).
GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar | CC BY
Myanmar is ranked 162/174 for economic freedom with a score of 44.5, compared to 157/162 and a score of 40 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Myanmar
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
41.4%
2024 |
176/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
37.8%
2024 |
21/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
20.8%
2024 |
36/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$65.9B
2024 |
86/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$5,890
2024 |
150/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$9.34B
2023 |
81/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.74B
2019 |
136/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$1.1B
2024 |
93/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$0
2024 |
154/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
1.31%
2024 |
106/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
24.8%
2017 |
77/176 |
Compare Myanmar vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.