Nicaragua ranked 131/197 by economy size with a GDP of $19.7B and 141/197 by GDP per capita at $2,848. Nicaragua has $7.7B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 38.4%.
In 2025, Nicaragua made up 0.02% of the world's economy, compared to 0.02% in 1960.
The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.
| Year | GDP | GDP growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current $ | Constant $ | ||
| 1960 | $227,223,322 | $2,980,615,374 | - |
| 1961 | $244,144,237 | $3,204,094,266 | 7.45% |
| 1962 | $269,283,804 | $3,553,045,711 | 10.3% |
| 1963 | $297,324,163 | $3,939,101,155 | 10.4% |
| 1964 | $347,119,918 | $4,399,916,078 | 16.7% |
| 1965 | $564,290,020 | $4,819,014,941 | 62.6% |
| 1966 | $607,140,010 | $4,978,097,197 | 7.59% |
| 1967 | $657,140,011 | $5,325,046,369 | 8.24% |
| 1968 | $692,859,985 | $5,396,559,615 | 5.44% |
| 1969 | $750,000,003 | $5,733,181,025 | 8.25% |
| 1970 | $778,569,939 | $5,810,798,354 | 3.81% |
| 1971 | $828,569,953 | $6,002,831,090 | 6.42% |
| 1972 | $878,570,045 | $6,136,137,334 | 6.03% |
| 1973 | $1,092,900,015 | $6,529,894,124 | 24.4% |
| 1974 | $1,521,400,012 | $7,456,644,457 | 39.2% |
| 1975 | $1,581,599,959 | $7,445,217,381 | 3.96% |
| 1976 | $1,836,899,999 | $7,833,072,593 | 16.1% |
| 1977 | $2,226,999,874 | $8,488,581,747 | 21.2% |
| 1978 | $2,127,699,979 | $7,823,178,770 | -4.46% |
| 1979 | $1,567,599,982 | $5,751,695,781 | -26.3% |
| 1980 | $2,144,300,006 | $6,016,948,592 | 36.8% |
| 1981 | $2,474,700,227 | $6,339,655,005 | 15.4% |
| 1982 | $2,454,499,872 | $6,287,900,476 | -0.82% |
| 1983 | $2,753,100,058 | $6,577,974,632 | 12.2% |
| 1984 | $3,117,599,872 | $6,474,957,371 | 13.2% |
| 1985 | $2,683,699,935 | $6,210,659,228 | -13.9% |
| 1986 | $2,885,799,994 | $6,147,477,622 | 7.53% |
| 1987 | $3,851,200,118 | $6,104,054,733 | 33.5% |
| 1988 | $2,630,900,096 | $5,344,110,782 | -31.7% |
| 1989 | $1,013,184,756 | $5,251,218,576 | -61.5% |
| 1990 | $1,009,455,484 | $5,248,461,701 | -0.37% |
| 1991 | $1,488,804,124 | $5,238,527,334 | 47.5% |
| 1992 | $1,792,800,000 | $5,258,766,205 | 20.4% |
| 1993 | $1,756,454,248 | $5,238,102,617 | -2.03% |
| 1994 | $3,863,185,119 | $5,412,936,136 | 119.9% |
| 1995 | $4,140,470,000 | $5,732,943,937 | 7.18% |
| 1996 | $4,308,351,903 | $6,096,657,285 | 4.05% |
| 1997 | $4,389,973,490 | $6,338,490,398 | 1.89% |
| 1998 | $4,635,347,386 | $6,573,754,971 | 5.59% |
| 1999 | $4,856,026,259 | $7,036,282,429 | 4.76% |
| 2000 | $5,109,587,050 | $7,324,881,903 | 5.22% |
| 2001 | $5,351,752,034 | $7,541,760,192 | 4.74% |
| 2002 | $5,223,727,303 | $7,598,620,454 | -2.39% |
| 2003 | $5,322,228,351 | $7,790,161,380 | 1.89% |
| 2004 | $5,792,932,838 | $8,203,988,040 | 8.84% |
| 2005 | $6,321,324,279 | $8,555,315,487 | 9.12% |
| 2006 | $6,763,672,381 | $8,910,613,085 | 7% |
| 2007 | $7,423,375,015 | $9,362,947,173 | 9.75% |
| 2008 | $8,496,967,597 | $9,684,631,534 | 14.5% |
| 2009 | $8,298,702,489 | $9,365,749,046 | -2.33% |
| 2010 | $8,758,602,233 | $9,778,787,862 | 5.54% |
| 2011 | $9,774,329,333 | $10,396,483,140 | 11.6% |
| 2012 | $10,532,017,232 | $11,071,852,873 | 7.75% |
| 2013 | $10,982,988,249 | $11,617,373,487 | 4.28% |
| 2014 | $11,880,438,824 | $12,173,318,264 | 8.17% |
| 2015 | $12,756,696,261 | $12,756,696,261 | 7.38% |
| 2016 | $13,286,093,388 | $13,338,803,114 | 4.15% |
| 2017 | $13,785,893,007 | $13,956,550,775 | 3.76% |
| 2018 | $13,025,221,974 | $13,487,142,195 | -5.52% |
| 2019 | $12,699,023,614 | $13,096,437,236 | -2.5% |
| 2020 | $12,726,422,432 | $12,803,529,948 | 0.22% |
| 2021 | $14,209,020,362 | $14,142,060,837 | 11.6% |
| 2022 | $15,634,572,502 | $14,644,146,346 | 10% |
| 2023 | $17,805,842,284 | $15,292,551,635 | 13.9% |
| 2024 | $19,693,982,968 | $15,841,222,425 | 10.6% |
Economic Statistics of Nicaragua
Nicaragua
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$19.7B
2024 |
131/197 |
| GDP growth |
10.6%
2023-2024 |
32/196 |
| GDP per capita |
$2,848
2024 |
141/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$8,709
2024 |
135/197 |
| Government debt |
$7.7B
2024 |
134/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
38.4%
2025 |
140/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$1,114
2024 |
139/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$2,445
2025 |
155/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
37.2%
2014 |
13/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2%
2014 |
138/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
27.2%
2025 |
115/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2%
2024-2025 |
141/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
6.5%
2024 |
46/105 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.2%
2018 |
97/196 |
| Population |
7079664
|
108/197 |
Nicaragua's GDP per capita
Nicaragua has a GDP per capita of $2,848, ranking 141/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $8,709, ranking 135/197, and a median annual after tax income of $2,445, ranking 155/197.
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $127.5 | - |
| 1961 | $132.9 | - |
| 1962 | $142.3 | - |
| 1963 | $152.5 | - |
| 1964 | $172.7 | - |
| 1965 | $272.3 | - |
| 1966 | $284 | - |
| 1967 | $297.9 | - |
| 1968 | $304 | - |
| 1969 | $319 | - |
| 1970 | $321 | - |
| 1971 | $331 | - |
| 1972 | $341 | - |
| 1973 | $413 | - |
| 1974 | $557 | - |
| 1975 | $561 | - |
| 1976 | $633 | - |
| 1977 | $744 | - |
| 1978 | $691 | - |
| 1979 | $495 | - |
| 1980 | $659 | - |
| 1981 | $740 | - |
| 1982 | $714 | - |
| 1983 | $780 | - |
| 1984 | $861 | - |
| 1985 | $724 | - |
| 1986 | $761 | - |
| 1987 | $992 | - |
| 1988 | $662 | - |
| 1989 | $249.2 | - |
| 1990 | $242.5 | $1,979 |
| 1991 | $350 | $1,995 |
| 1992 | $411 | $2,003 |
| 1993 | $394 | $1,998 |
| 1994 | $849 | $2,064 |
| 1995 | $892 | $2,187 |
| 1996 | $911 | $2,325 |
| 1997 | $913 | $2,418 |
| 1998 | $949 | $2,497 |
| 1999 | $980 | $2,672 |
| 2000 | $1,017 | $2,806 |
| 2001 | $1,052 | $2,917 |
| 2002 | $1,014 | $2,948 |
| 2003 | $1,021 | $3,046 |
| 2004 | $1,099 | $3,255 |
| 2005 | $1,183 | $3,456 |
| 2006 | $1,248 | $3,658 |
| 2007 | $1,350 | $3,891 |
| 2008 | $1,524 | $4,044 |
| 2009 | $1,467 | $3,880 |
| 2010 | $1,527 | $4,042 |
| 2011 | $1,680 | $4,325 |
| 2012 | $1,785 | $4,508 |
| 2013 | $1,835 | $4,711 |
| 2014 | $1,958 | $5,068 |
| 2015 | $2,074 | $5,449 |
| 2016 | $2,132 | $5,882 |
| 2017 | $2,183 | $6,225 |
| 2018 | $2,035 | $5,935 |
| 2019 | $1,959 | $5,981 |
| 2020 | $1,938 | $6,274 |
| 2021 | $2,138 | $7,119 |
| 2022 | $2,323 | $7,797 |
| 2023 | $2,609 | $8,320 |
| 2024 | $2,848 | $8,709 |
Nicaragua's government spending, deficit, and chart
This chart shows Nicaragua's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 50 years, Nicaragua recorded a fiscal deficit in 34 years — average annual deficit equal to -3.85% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $5.14B (27.2% of GDP), with a surplus of +0.86%.
The national debt reached $7.7B, ranking 134th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 38.4%, ranking 140th.
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 1960 | 11.2% | - | -1.28% |
| 1961 | 9.93% | - | 0.04% |
| 1962 | 10.6% | - | -0.29% |
| 1963 | 10.5% | - | 0.75% |
| 1964 | 10.2% | - | 0.2% |
| 1965 | 10.9% | - | 0.3% |
| 1966 | 12.2% | - | -1.04% |
| 1967 | 12.7% | - | -2.11% |
| 1968 | 10.9% | - | -1.21% |
| 1969 | 11.1% | - | -1.57% |
| 1970 | 13.2% | 35.4% | -2.69% |
| 1971 | 15.1% | 31.6% | -2.33% |
| 1972 | 15.1% | 30.2% | -2.61% |
| 1973 | 12.8% | 32.9% | 1.21% |
| 1974 | 15.3% | 40% | -1.41% |
| 1975 | 17.5% | 57.8% | -3.53% |
| 1976 | 16.2% | 59.5% | -2.2% |
| 1977 | 19.9% | 62.7% | -5.91% |
| 1978 | 17.7% | 76.9% | -4.44% |
| 1979 | 20.7% | 116.3% | -5.89% |
| 1980 | 30.4% | 152.1% | -6.53% |
| 1981 | 39.3% | 149.1% | -10.6% |
| 1982 | 49.4% | 159.1% | -20.2% |
| 1983 | 33.8% | 211.6% | -15.6% |
| 1984 | 31.9% | 198% | -11.8% |
| 1985 | 29.9% | 218% | -11.3% |
| 1986 | 26.1% | 159.2% | -7.33% |
| 1987 | - | 266.6% | -7.33% |
| 1988 | 24.8% | - | -22.4% |
| 1989 | - | - | -9.25% |
| 1990 | 28.2% | - | -15.2% |
| 1991 | 16.8% | - | -3.45% |
| 1992 | 18.4% | - | -3.8% |
| 1993 | 18.4% | - | -4.66% |
| 1994 | 18.4% | - | -5.79% |
| 1995 | 17.7% | - | -4.62% |
| 1996 | 18% | - | -5% |
| 1997 | 17.9% | 86.4% | -3.31% |
| 1998 | 18.5% | 86.5% | -2.88% |
| 1999 | 22.1% | 99.8% | -6.86% |
| 2000 | 20.6% | 95.2% | 2.15% |
| 2001 | 19.2% | 87.5% | 0.34% |
| 2002 | 18.7% | 110.4% | 2.07% |
| 2003 | 20.9% | 109.5% | 1.3% |
| 2004 | 20.8% | 84% | 1.69% |
| 2005 | 21.3% | 66.6% | 1.72% |
| 2006 | 21.4% | 51.2% | 1.36% |
| 2007 | 21.5% | 30.9% | 1.88% |
| 2008 | 21.9% | 26% | 0.27% |
| 2009 | 22.7% | 29.3% | -0.9% |
| 2010 | 22.6% | 30.3% | 0.69% |
| 2011 | 23.5% | 28.8% | 0.59% |
| 2012 | 24.1% | 27.9% | 0.22% |
| 2013 | 24.2% | 28.8% | -0.3% |
| 2014 | 24.6% | 28.7% | -0.89% |
| 2015 | 25.4% | 28.9% | -1.64% |
| 2016 | 26.8% | 30.9% | -1.92% |
| 2017 | 27.3% | 34.7% | -1.75% |
| 2018 | 27.7% | 39.1% | -4.35% |
| 2019 | 27.7% | 44.2% | -1.12% |
| 2020 | 28.9% | 49.2% | -2.57% |
| 2021 | 30% | 48.4% | -1.26% |
| 2022 | 28.6% | 45.9% | 0.65% |
| 2023 | 26.1% | 42.3% | 2.33% |
| 2024 | 26.1% | 39.1% | 2.45% |
| 2025 | 27.2% | 38.4% | 0.86% |
Inflation rate by year
Over the past 20 years, Nicaragua has had an average annual inflation rate of 6.67%. In 2025, inflation was 2%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 1980 | 35.1% |
| 1981 | 23.8% |
| 1982 | 28.5% |
| 1983 | 33.6% |
| 1984 | 141.3% |
| 1985 | 571% |
| 1986 | 885% |
| 1987 | 13,110% |
| 1988 | 4,775% |
| 1989 | 7,429% |
| 1990 | 3,004% |
| 1991 | 116.6% |
| 1992 | 21.9% |
| 1993 | 13.5% |
| 1994 | 3.7% |
| 1995 | 11.1% |
| 1996 | 11.7% |
| 1997 | 9.2% |
| 1998 | 13% |
| 1999 | 11.2% |
| 2000 | 11.5% |
| 2001 | 7.4% |
| 2002 | 3.8% |
| 2003 | 5.3% |
| 2004 | 8.5% |
| 2005 | 9.6% |
| 2006 | 9.1% |
| 2007 | 11.1% |
| 2008 | 19.8% |
| 2009 | 3.7% |
| 2010 | 5.5% |
| 2011 | 8.1% |
| 2012 | 7.2% |
| 2013 | 7.1% |
| 2014 | 6% |
| 2015 | 4% |
| 2016 | 3.5% |
| 2017 | 3.9% |
| 2018 | 4.9% |
| 2019 | 5.4% |
| 2020 | 3.7% |
| 2021 | 4.9% |
| 2022 | 10.5% |
| 2023 | 8.4% |
| 2024 | 4.6% |
| 2025 | 2% |
Balance of trade
|
Nicaragua
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$818M
2024 |
54/189 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+4.15%
2024 |
37/189 |
| Goods imports |
$10.1B
2024 |
106/188 |
| Goods exports |
$6.84B
2024 |
111/188 |
| Service imports |
$1.31B
2024 |
136/188 |
| Service exports |
$1.3B
2024 |
122/188 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
58.1%
2024 |
53/180 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
40.5%
2024 |
79/193 |
Nicaragua's top 10 trading partners
Nicaragua's biggest trading partner accounting for 33.7%% of all exports and imports is the United States, with a trade balance between the two of +$877M — Nicaragua exports $3.63B worth of goods and services to the United States and imports $2.75B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Nicaragua.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
United States
|
$6.38B | 33.7% | $3.63B | $2.75B | Textiles & consumer goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 2 |
Mexico
|
$1.98B | 10.5% | $983M | $996M | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
China
|
$1.73B | 9.14% | $82.1M | $1.65B | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Machinery & equipment |
| 4 |
Honduras
|
$1.42B | 7.51% | $411M | $1.01B | Textiles & consumer goods | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 5 |
Guatemala
|
$1.09B | 5.75% | $163M | $924M | Animal & marine products | Chemicals & pharma |
| 6 |
El Salvador
|
$925M | 4.89% | $476M | $449M | Animal & marine products | Chemicals & pharma |
| 7 |
Costa Rica
|
$898M | 4.75% | $224M | $674M | Animal & marine products | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 8 |
Canada
|
$622M | 3.29% | $539M | $83.1M | Precious metals & jewellery | Raw materials & minerals |
| 9 |
India
|
$395M | 2.09% | $14.4M | $380M | Metals | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 10 |
Ecuador
|
$296M | 1.56% | $27.8M | $268M | Animal & marine products | Raw materials & minerals |
Nicaragua's top 10 exports
|
Nicaragua
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.85B | 62/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $1.39B | 57/190 |
| Animal & marine products | $1.3B | 50/192 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $1.02B | 78/192 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $915M | 73/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $824M | 124/188 |
| Machinery & equipment | $811M | 86/193 |
| IT & IP services | $282M | 82/183 |
| Manufacturing & construction services | $275M | 67/164 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $109M | 73/180 |
Nicaragua's top 10 imports
|
Nicaragua
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $2.56B | 117/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $2.16B | 74/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $1.92B | 118/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.74B | 93/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $1.27B | 86/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $803M | 128/188 |
| Metals | $714M | 107/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $463M | 112/193 |
| Wood & paper products | $303M | 99/193 |
| Business & finance services | $266M | 131/188 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Nicaragua
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 54 | 139/197 |
| Property rights | 28.2 | 148/182 |
| Government integrity | 13.6 | 148/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 9.1 | 148/182 |
| Tax burden | 77.7 | 103/181 |
| Government spending | 75.9 | 79/180 |
| Fiscal health | 95.8 | 26/181 |
| Business freedom | 55.8 | 120/182 |
| Labor freedom | 47.3 | 158/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 66.4 | 138/180 |
| Trade freedom | 68.2 | 113/181 |
| Investment freedom | 60 | 78/181 |
| Financial freedom | 50 | 94/181 |
Nicaragua's economic freedom by year
Nicaragua is ranked 125/180 for economic freedom with a score of 54, compared to 58/163 and a score of 62.5 in 2005.
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 1995 | 42.5 | - | 78.3 | 75.1 | - |
| 1996 | 54.1 | - | 78.6 | 68.5 | - |
| 1997 | 53.3 | - | 78.3 | 61.1 | - |
| 1998 | 53.8 | - | 77.8 | 58.3 | - |
| 1999 | 54 | - | 77.7 | 59.4 | - |
| 2000 | 56.9 | - | 76.1 | 76.5 | - |
| 2001 | 58 | - | 80.8 | 71.2 | - |
| 2002 | 61.1 | - | 81.3 | 81.3 | - |
| 2003 | 62.6 | - | 81.8 | 82.3 | - |
| 2004 | 61.4 | - | 85.6 | 82.6 | - |
| 2005 | 62.5 | - | 82.9 | 82.4 | - |
| 2006 | 63.8 | - | 79.8 | 78.1 | - |
| 2007 | 62.7 | - | 79.6 | 78.5 | - |
| 2008 | 60.8 | - | 79 | 77.6 | - |
| 2009 | 59.8 | - | 78.8 | 71 | - |
| 2010 | 58.3 | - | 78.4 | 78.5 | - |
| 2011 | 58.8 | - | 78.8 | 81.3 | - |
| 2012 | 57.9 | - | 77.1 | 83 | - |
| 2013 | 56.6 | - | 78.7 | 65.1 | - |
| 2014 | 58.4 | - | 78.6 | 80 | - |
| 2015 | 57.6 | - | 78.4 | 76.6 | - |
| 2016 | 58.6 | - | 78 | 82.8 | - |
| 2017 | 59.2 | 15.9 | 77.2 | 80.8 | 96.1 |
| 2018 | 58.9 | 19 | 77.2 | 80 | 94.8 |
| 2019 | 57.7 | 18.7 | 76.9 | 79.1 | 93.9 |
| 2020 | 57.2 | 19.5 | 76.3 | 77.5 | 87.2 |
| 2021 | 56.3 | 19 | 77.1 | 77.5 | 91.8 |
| 2022 | 54.8 | 19.5 | 75.3 | 76.2 | 87.3 |
| 2023 | 54.9 | 17.6 | 75.6 | 74.4 | 92 |
| 2024 | 53.4 | 10.5 | 74.6 | 74.3 | 94.9 |
| 2025 | 54 | 9.1 | 77.7 | 75.9 | 95.8 |
More economic indicators
|
Nicaragua
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
46.8%
2024 |
149/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
27.6%
2024 |
71/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
14.4%
2024 |
55/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$17.4B
2024 |
132/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$8,270
2024 |
133/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$6.1B
2024 |
91/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.28B
2024 |
126/188 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$1.35B
2024 |
86/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$73.8M
2024 |
91/187 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
13.8%
2023 |
9/119 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
24.9%
2016 |
74/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
24.7%
2024 |
71/176 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
Relevant pages:
Nicaragua topic pages:
Economy comparisons
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.