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Economy of Norway vs Uruguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Norway has a GDP of $531B compared to $85.3B for Uruguay, ranking 32/197 and 84/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $239B in government debt (45% of GDP), compared to $56B (65.7% of GDP) in Uruguay.

Norway vs Uruguay GDP by year

Norway
Uruguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Uruguay
2025 $530,755,719,439 $85,347,696,278
2024 $500,886,328,034 $82,322,859,144
2023 $502,197,633,323 $79,208,725,900
2022 $617,321,834,099 $71,240,669,088
2021 $521,592,200,233 $60,739,061,281
2020 $382,252,517,922 $53,559,354,501
2019 $424,244,886,364 $62,222,324,965
2018 $454,588,871,811 $65,344,577,416
2017 $415,673,181,543 $65,006,039,810
2016 $383,284,047,619 $57,480,787,465
2015 $400,669,174,331 $57,680,327,999
2014 $515,829,568,897 $61,496,186,974
2013 $540,132,255,319 $61,337,621,934
2012 $525,082,939,407 $54,232,266,359
2011 $512,868,581,628 $50,342,406,067
2010 $440,132,138,425 $41,950,361,212
2009 $395,664,488,017 $32,708,319,078
2008 $472,060,283,688 $31,119,602,539
2007 $407,813,774,161 $23,797,773,024
2006 $349,773,283,645 $19,741,420,740
2005 $311,417,306,946 $17,362,857,684
2004 $265,662,977,688 $13,686,329,890
2003 $229,192,678,173 $12,045,638,352
2002 $195,359,978,957 $13,606,515,723
2001 $173,590,978,347 $20,898,761,742
2000 $170,620,327,660 $22,823,270,892
1999 $161,304,620,987 $23,983,945,191
1998 $152,955,958,172 $25,385,886,978
1997 $160,013,571,974 $23,969,739,234
1996 $162,427,517,132 $20,515,458,114
1995 $151,083,627,983 $19,297,663,097
1994 $126,324,387,894 $17,474,588,896
1993 $119,841,699,440 $15,002,136,971
1992 $129,998,873,602 $12,878,148,791
1991 $121,149,331,318 $11,206,176,651
1990 $119,344,377,526 $9,298,807,850
1989 $102,226,808,603 $8,438,951,476
1988 $101,497,621,605 $8,213,538,369
1987 $93,913,320,965 $7,367,494,080
1986 $78,438,205,742 $5,880,112,788
1985 $65,211,464,198 $4,732,017,873
1984 $61,866,078,539 $4,850,238,550
1983 $61,417,685,434 $5,102,276,308
1982 $62,453,362,256 $9,178,780,077
1981 $63,392,804,251 $11,048,301,421
1980 $64,176,789,764 $10,163,020,116
1979 $52,935,763,512 $7,181,182,224
1978 $46,355,988,784 $4,910,254,566
1977 $41,362,637,363 $4,114,670,014
1976 $35,815,449,464 $3,667,161,241
1975 $32,742,543,381 $3,538,278,047
1974 $27,033,413,362 $4,090,209,682
1973 $22,433,660,550 $3,964,296,443
1972 $17,283,931,878 $2,189,418,689
1971 $14,523,306,736 $2,807,258,065
1970 $12,753,503,479 $2,137,096,774
1969 $11,083,505,596 $2,004,435,484
1968 $10,178,705,992 $1,593,674,185
1967 $9,532,076,026 $1,597,713,469
1966 $8,712,528,095 $1,809,185,094
1965 $8,073,570,566 $1,890,767,156
1964 $7,172,430,304 $1,975,701,816
1963 $6,522,268,053 $1,539,681,491
1962 $6,078,186,245 $1,710,004,407
1961 $5,642,867,672 $1,547,388,781
1960 $5,172,811,442 $1,242,289,239

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/uruguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Uruguay by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uruguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Uruguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $94,594 - $25,216 -
2024 $89,889 $102,038 $24,308 $36,418
2023 $90,984 $103,638 $23,379 $34,471
2022 $113,122 $125,490 $21,009 $33,001
2021 $96,443 $88,984 $17,882 $29,432
2020 $71,058 $67,111 $15,758 $25,725
2019 $79,329 $70,940 $18,316 $25,783
2018 $85,579 $70,254 $19,250 $24,386
2017 $78,771 $64,590 $19,185 $23,607
2016 $73,222 $59,280 $17,010 $22,841
2015 $77,221 $60,738 $17,126 $22,169
2014 $100,410 $66,332 $18,322 $21,868
2013 $106,333 $67,378 $18,335 $20,661
2012 $104,628 $65,774 $16,260 $19,495
2011 $103,545 $62,460 $15,132 $19,135
2010 $90,020 $58,213 $12,641 $17,873
2009 $81,940 $55,648 $9,881 $16,422
2008 $99,002 $62,073 $9,424 $15,694
2007 $86,600 $56,179 $7,222 $14,397
2006 $75,048 $54,358 $6,001 $13,179
2005 $67,358 $47,967 $5,284 $12,296
2004 $57,855 $42,667 $4,169 $11,103
2003 $50,208 $38,680 $3,671 $10,303
2002 $43,048 $38,056 $4,150 $10,030
2001 $38,458 $37,829 $6,383 $10,719
2000 $37,992 $36,994 $6,988 $10,929
1999 $36,151 $30,574 $7,371 $10,938
1998 $34,516 $28,200 $7,837 $11,002
1997 $36,324 $28,610 $7,436 $10,461
1996 $37,073 $26,826 $6,398 $9,524
1995 $34,659 $24,360 $6,050 $8,906
1994 $29,130 $23,027 $5,508 $8,897
1993 $27,793 $21,584 $4,753 $8,162
1992 $30,328 $20,623 $4,102 $7,808
1991 $28,427 $19,580 $3,589 $7,112
1990 $28,137 $18,461 $2,995 $6,683
1989 $24,185 - $2,734 -
1988 $24,112 - $2,677 -
1987 $22,430 - $2,416 -
1986 $18,822 - $1,939 -
1985 $15,704 - $1,568 -
1984 $14,943 - $1,615 -
1983 $14,877 - $1,707 -
1982 $15,178 - $3,085 -
1981 $15,463 - $3,728 -
1980 $15,708 - $3,443 -
1979 $12,998 - $2,443 -
1978 $11,421 - $1,678 -
1977 $10,230 - $1,414 -
1976 $8,896 - $1,268 -
1975 $8,171 - $1,232 -
1974 $6,783 - $1,433 -
1973 $5,664 - $1,397 -
1972 $4,395 - $776 -
1971 $3,721 - $1,000 -
1970 $3,291 - $766 -
1969 $2,881 - $723 -
1968 $2,667 - $579 -
1967 $2,519 - $585 -
1966 $2,321 - $668 -
1965 $2,168 - $705 -
1964 $1,941 - $745 -
1963 $1,779 - $587 -
1962 $1,670 - $659 -
1961 $1,563 - $604 -
1960 $1,444 - $491 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/uruguay | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $94,594, ranking 9/197, compared to $25,216 in Uruguay, ranking 54/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while Uruguay ranks 61st at $36,418.

Economic indicators

Norway Uruguay
Gross domestic product
$531B
2025
$85.3B
2025
GDP rank
32/197
2025
84/197
2025
GDP growth
1.09%
2024-2025
1.78%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$94,594
2025
$25,216
2025
GDP per capita rank
9/197
2025
54/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$36,418
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
61/197
2024
Government debt
$239B
2025
$56B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
45%
2025
65.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$42,567
2025
$16,559
2025
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2025
41/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,036
2026
$14,046
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$284M
1996
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
30%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.6%
2025
31.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.06%
2024-2025
4.65%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2026
5.75%
2026
Unemployment rate
4.5%
2025
8.21%
2024
Population
5660666
3382672

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Uruguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Uruguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.6% 45% 31.5% 65.7%
2024 46.9% 52.8% 30.6% 67.6%
2023 44.2% 42.4% 30.1% 63%
2022 36.2% 34.8% 29.7% 59.4%
2021 44.7% 40.1% 30.2% 64.1%
2020 54.5% 44.3% 32.8% 68.2%
2019 48.4% 39% 30.6% 59.6%
2018 46.1% 38.1% 30.3% 57.9%
2017 47.6% 36.9% 29.7% 55.8%
2016 48.8% 36.7% 29.7% 56.4%
2015 46.7% 33.2% 28.4% 57.8%
2014 44% 28.8% 29.1% 51.1%
2013 42.3% 30.6% 28.8% 50%
2012 41.4% 30.2% 27.7% 49.8%
2011 42.3% 28.9% 26.3% 41.3%
2010 43.6% 42.1% 27.4% 40.9%
2009 44.7% 41.7% 27.2% 46.2%
2008 39.2% 46.8% 26.3% 46.2%
2007 40.5% 48.9% 26.8% 52.8%
2006 40.1% 52.2% 26.8% 61.1%
2005 41.6% 42.1% 26.3% 66.2%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 26.6% 73.7%
2003 47.7% 43.1% 27.7% 91.9%
2002 46.3% 34% 27.6% 90.1%
2001 43.4% 27.3% 27.8% 39.4%
2000 41.5% 28.8% 26.6% 30.5%
1999 46.7% 25.1% 27.2% 24.1%
1998 48.2% 23.8% 27.3% 19.4%
1997 45.9% 26% 27.6% 18.8%
1996 47.4% 28.6% 26.5% 18.3%
1995 49.6% 32.9% 26.2% 18.5%
1994 49.7% 51% 29.5% 19.3%
1993 50.5% 54% 27.7% 20%
1992 51.6% 45.3% 23.6% 22.2%
1991 50.3% 39.5% 22.2% 20.4%
1990 49.1% 29.1% 21.1% 26.2%
1989 52.2% 30.4% 37% -
1988 52.6% 30.5% 26% 34.8%
1987 50.5% 31.3% 24.4% 37.3%
1986 48.1% 37.8% 25.1% 34.6%
1985 44% 30.2% 24.6% 29%
1984 44.5% 27.8% 25.6% 39.5%
1983 46.4% 27.4% 26.5% 21.2%
1982 46.6% 29.7% 29.5% 13.5%
1981 46.1% 32.9% 25% 4.32%
1980 46.1% 36.8% 21.8% 4.59%
1979 47.2% 39.6% 20.2% 3.98%
1978 47.9% 49.9% 22.9% 5.64%
1977 46.5% 43.8% 23.5% 7.26%
1976 45.2% 38.5% 24.2% 8.67%
1975 43.5% 36.7% 23% 8.13%
1974 42.2% 35.4% 23.8% 7.61%
1973 42.3% 37.7% 22.6% 7%
1972 42.2% 38.9% 24.6% 9.12%
1971 40.7% 38.5% 20.1% 9.3%
1970 38.9% 38.6% 15.1% 6.11%
1969 38% 22.3% 14.6% -
1968 36.2% 22.5% 14.1% -
1967 34.9% 22.6% 14.7% -
1966 33.5% 22.4% 14.1% -
1965 32.9% 23% 15.6% -
1964 32% 24.2% 14.3% -
1963 31.9% 25.3% 14.6% -
1962 30.6% 26.7% 16% -
1961 20.4% 27.7% 13% -
1960 18% 29.8% 9.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government spending was $263B, accounting for 49.6% of its GDP, while Uruguay spent $26.9B, or 31.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 45% in Norway and 65.7% in Uruguay, ranking 117/185 and 66/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Uruguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Uruguay
2025 9.34% -3.36%
2024 12.8% -3.16%
2023 15.9% -3.09%
2022 24.7% -2.5%
2021 9.93% -2.61%
2020 -2.46% -4.64%
2019 6.28% -2.71%
2018 7.56% -1.89%
2017 4.79% -2.51%
2016 3.91% -2.68%
2015 5.8% -1.86%
2014 8.34% -2.6%
2013 10.3% -1.72%
2012 13.4% -2.17%
2011 13% -0.33%
2010 10.6% -0.39%
2009 10% -1.39%
2008 18.3% -1.31%
2007 16.8% -0.16%
2006 17.7% -0.64%
2005 14.7% -0.28%
2004 10.8% -0.87%
2003 7.21% -2.19%
2002 9.05% -3.19%
2001 13.2% -2.85%
2000 15.1% -2.76%
1999 5.75% -2.76%
1998 3.09% -0.76%
1997 7.41% -0.97%
1996 6.05% -1.32%
1995 2.98% -1.08%
1994 0.04% -2.37%
1993 -1.65% -0.47%
1992 -2.08% 0.6%
1991 -0.12% 0.88%
1990 1.96% 0.49%
1989 1.81% -13.1%
1988 2.65% -1.47%
1987 4.56% -0.66%
1986 5.87% -0.34%
1985 9.84% -1.88%
1984 6.97% -4.94%
1983 6.03% -3.54%
1982 3.96% -8.22%
1981 4.82% -1.15%
1980 5.38% 0.43%
1979 2.16% 0.99%
1978 0.94% -0.47%
1977 1.01% -0.69%
1976 2.2% -2.01%
1975 2.88% -4.38%
1974 4.06% -3.74%
1973 4.99% -1.09%
1972 3.93% -2.25%
1971 3.71% -5.86%
1970 2.83% -1.33%
1969 3.57% -2.37%
1968 3.38% -2.93%
1967 4.19% -4.12%
1966 3.59% -2.01%
1965 2.78% -5.14%
1964 3.08% -3.61%
1963 2.6% -4.4%
1962 4% -5.02%
1961 -0.7% -0.86%
1960 1.42% 0.79%
1959 1.89% 0.64%
1958 1.7% -1.38%
1957 1.55% -0.72%
1956 1.22% 0.04%
1955 0.82% -1.24%
1954 -0.54% -
1953 1.3% -
1952 2.15% -
1951 1.59% -
1950 -0.89% -
1949 -0.72% -
1948 -0.35% -
1947 -4.66% -
1946 -3.82% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -0.54% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 -0.16% -
1936 -0.7% -
1935 -1.1% -
1934 -0.59% -
1933 -1.29% -
1932 -1.14% -
1931 -1.15% -
1930 -0.46% -
1929 -0.83% -
1928 -0.81% -
1927 -0.76% -
1926 -1.59% -
1925 -1.92% -
1924 -2.96% -
1923 -3.58% -
1922 -4.28% -
1921 -5.47% -
1920 -1.15% -
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/uruguay | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $49.6B, equivalent to 9.34% of GDP. This compares to Uruguay's deficit of $2.86B, or 3.36% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 5 of those years, while Uruguay ran a deficit in 60 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 6.35% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.23% of GDP for Uruguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Uruguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Uruguay
2025 3.06% 4.65%
2024 3.15% 4.85%
2023 5.52% 5.87%
2022 5.76% 9.1%
2021 3.48% 7.75%
2020 1.29% 9.76%
2019 2.17% 7.88%
2018 2.76% 7.61%
2017 1.88% 6.22%
2016 3.55% 9.64%
2015 2.17% 8.67%
2014 2.04% 8.88%
2013 2.12% 8.58%
2012 0.7% 8.1%
2011 1.28% 8.09%
2010 2.42% 6.7%
2009 2.2% 7.06%
2008 3.75% 7.88%
2007 0.71% 8.11%
2006 2.33% 6.4%
2005 1.53% 4.7%
2004 0.45% 9.16%
2003 2.49% 19.4%
2002 1.29% 14%
2001 3% 4.36%
2000 3.09% 4.76%
1999 2.37% 5.66%
1998 2.25% 10.8%
1997 2.57% 19.8%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/uruguay | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.46%, compared with 8.43% in Uruguay. In 2025, inflation was 3.06% in Norway and 4.65% in Uruguay.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $8.34M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.9M
Chemicals & pharma $1.84M
Textiles & consumer goods $863K
Miscellaneous $841K
Animal & marine products $459K
Metals $96K
Raw materials & minerals $69K
Wood & paper products $45K
Raw agricultural goods $4K
Uruguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $11.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.76M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $100K
Wood & paper products $91K
Raw agricultural goods $22K
Chemicals & pharma $14K
Machinery & equipment $11K
Precious metals & jewellery $6K
Metals $2K
Miscellaneous $2K

Balance of trade

Norway Uruguay
Current account balance
$74.1B
2025
-$374M
2025
Current account balance ranking
10/190
2025
100/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14%
2025
-0.44%
2025
Goods imports
$105B
2025
$13.6B
2025
Goods exports
$177B
2025
$16.1B
2025
Service imports
$73.9B
2025
$5.96B
2025
Service exports
$63.5B
2025
$7.39B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2025
22.6%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
45.4%
2025
27.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Uruguay
Economic freedom 78.8 69.8
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 39/197
Property rights 99.6 87.4
Government integrity 94.3 79
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 80.9
Tax burden 63.3 73.3
Government spending 42 72
Fiscal health 96.4 76.6
Business freedom 91.2 83.8
Labor freedom 69.3 61.7
Monetary freedom 72.4 70.2
Trade freedom 85.6 73.2
Investment freedom 75 50
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Uruguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Uruguay
2026 78.8 69.8
2025 78.3 70.2
2024 77.5 69.8
2023 76.9 70.2
2022 76.9 70
2021 73.4 69.3
2020 73.4 69.1
2019 73 68.6
2018 74.3 69.2
2017 74 69.7
2016 70.8 68.8
2015 71.8 68.6
2014 70.9 69.3
2013 70.5 69.7
2012 68.8 69.9
2011 70.3 70
2010 69.4 69.8
2009 70.2 69.1
2008 68.6 67.9
2007 67.9 68.4
2006 67.9 65.3
2005 64.5 66.9
2004 66.2 66.7
2003 67.2 69.8
2002 67.4 68.7
2001 67.1 70.7
2000 70.1 69.3
1999 68.6 68.5
1998 68 68.6
1997 65.1 67.5
1996 65.4 63.7
1995 - 62.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/uruguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 69.8 for Uruguay, ranking 39/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Uruguay
Services, % of GDP
55%
2025
65.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34.5%
2025
16.9%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.64%
2025
6.38%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$546B
2025
$81.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$107,770
2025
$36,330
2025
Total reserves including gold
$85.5B
2025
$19B
2025
Total reserves ranking
34/177
2025
67/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$8.93B
2025
-$457M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.1B
2024
-$3.94B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.62B
2024
-$1.37B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
17.3%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
16.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1998, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.