Skip to content

Economy of France vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 7/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

France vs Norway GDP by year

France
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Norway
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $483,592,648,313
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $482,949,731,777
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $596,297,651,036
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $503,367,986,030
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $367,633,418,887
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $408,742,840,909
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $439,788,625,884
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $401,745,275,035
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $370,956,547,619
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $388,159,512,246
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $501,736,471,833
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $526,014,468,085
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $512,777,309,841
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $501,360,549,669
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $431,052,143,940
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $387,976,400,617
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $464,917,553,191
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $402,643,260,488
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $346,915,160,682
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $309,978,579,744
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $265,268,662,473
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $229,385,469,337
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $195,914,852,576
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $174,239,354,071
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $171,457,201,936
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $162,383,706,021
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $154,230,295,158
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $161,356,631,888
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $163,520,109,151
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $152,029,612,325
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $127,131,319,429
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $120,579,213,713
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $130,838,040,068
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $121,872,464,483
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $119,791,843,060
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $102,633,934,391
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $101,900,260,856
1987 $926,320,855,615 $94,229,907,236
1986 $764,946,585,851 $78,693,118,044
1985 $547,220,981,165 $65,416,879,914
1984 $525,033,325,828 $62,057,955,033
1983 $553,356,312,936 $61,627,240,831
1982 $578,152,310,610 $62,647,195,538
1981 $609,184,791,792 $63,596,654,761
1980 $694,529,183,483 $64,439,382,896
1979 $608,218,624,730 $53,132,244,624
1978 $501,724,418,605 $46,522,900,254
1977 $406,401,711,688 $41,508,030,431
1976 $368,363,152,144 $35,942,270,686
1975 $357,324,307,786 $32,877,805,200
1974 $282,739,225,314 $27,145,693,810
1973 $261,970,536,240 $22,534,253,703
1972 $201,738,881,664 $17,358,610,850
1971 $164,694,210,962 $14,583,114,840
1970 $147,312,861,698 $12,814,123,115
1969 $140,660,914,841 $11,136,187,440
1968 $128,710,572,572 $10,227,087,165
1967 $118,088,635,381 $9,577,383,653
1966 $109,306,730,313 $8,753,940,267
1965 $100,927,668,584 $8,111,945,661
1964 $93,424,179,943 $7,206,522,122
1963 $84,227,606,650 $6,553,269,536
1962 $75,196,980,365 $6,107,076,929
1961 $67,158,050,215 $5,669,689,210
1960 $61,959,085,885 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Norway by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $17,547 - $24,281 -
1988 $17,550 - $24,207 -
1987 $16,176 - $22,506 -
1986 $13,430 - $18,883 -
1985 $9,657 - $15,754 -
1984 $9,312 - $14,989 -
1983 $9,862 - $14,928 -
1982 $10,360 - $15,225 -
1981 $10,956 - $15,513 -
1980 $12,565 - $15,772 -
1979 $11,063 - $13,047 -
1978 $9,167 - $11,463 -
1977 $7,459 - $10,266 -
1976 $6,792 - $8,927 -
1975 $6,617 - $8,204 -
1974 $5,261 - $6,812 -
1973 $4,907 - $5,690 -
1972 $3,809 - $4,414 -
1971 $3,137 - $3,736 -
1970 $2,833 - $3,306 -
1969 $2,729 - $2,894 -
1968 $2,518 - $2,680 -
1967 $2,328 - $2,531 -
1966 $2,173 - $2,333 -
1965 $2,024 - $2,179 -
1964 $1,891 - $1,951 -
1963 $1,723 - $1,787 -
1962 $1,554 - $1,678 -
1961 $1,402 - $1,571 -
1960 $1,307 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/norway | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

France Norway
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
52
2025
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
3.98%
2024
Population
68788006
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 56.7% 46%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 57% 88.7% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 44.5% 43%
2009 58% 84.1% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 41% 49.5%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 54% 66.9% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 46.4% 25%
1998 54% 62.1% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 55.6% 62% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 56% 60.6% 47% 28.4%
1995 56% 57.8% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 49.4% 50.6%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 50.2% 53.7%
1992 54% 41.7% 51.3% 45%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 50% 39.2%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 48.9% 28.9%
1989 48.9% 34% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 52.6% 30.5%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 50.5% 31.3%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 48.1% 37.8%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 44% 30.2%
1984 51.2% 29% 44.5% 27.8%
1983 50.2% 26.6% 46.4% 27.4%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 46.6% 29.7%
1981 48.5% 22% 46.1% 32.9%
1980 46% 20.7% 46.1% 36.8%
1979 44.9% 21.1% 47.2% 39.6%
1978 44.7% 21.2% 47.9% 49.9%
1977 21.4% 15% 46.5% 43.8%
1976 21.7% 15.1% 45.2% 38.5%
1975 22% 16.1% 43.5% 36.7%
1974 19.9% 15.4% 42.2% 35.4%
1973 19.7% 15.8% 42.3% 37.7%
1972 19.8% 17.7% 42.2% 38.9%
1971 20% 20.1% 40.7% 38.5%
1970 20.5% 21% 38.9% 38.6%
1969 21.5% 14.4% 38% 22.3%
1968 22.7% 15.8% 36.2% 22.5%
1967 21.4% 16.1% 34.9% 22.6%
1966 21.4% 15.3% 33.5% 22.4%
1965 21.1% 17.6% 32.9% 23%
1964 21% 19.6% 32% 24.2%
1963 22.6% 22.2% 31.9% 25.3%
1962 21.7% 23.6% 30.6% 26.7%
1961 21.9% 26.3% 20.4% 27.7%
1960 22.2% 28.5% 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/norway | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 14/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Norway
2024 -5.77% 13.2%
2023 -5.44% 16.6%
2022 -4.74% 25.5%
2021 -6.58% 10.3%
2020 -8.93% -2.56%
2019 -2.39% 6.52%
2018 -2.32% 7.81%
2017 -3.36% 4.96%
2016 -3.76% 4.04%
2015 -3.89% 5.99%
2014 -4.57% 8.57%
2013 -4.94% 10.6%
2012 -5.17% 13.7%
2011 -5.3% 13.3%
2010 -7.16% 10.9%
2009 -7.38% 10.2%
2008 -3.5% 18.5%
2007 -2.99% 17%
2006 -2.66% 17.9%
2005 -3.5% 14.7%
2004 -3.55% 10.8%
2003 -4.09% 7.2%
2002 -3.18% 9.03%
2001 -1.42% 13.2%
2000 -1.32% 15%
1999 -1.55% 5.71%
1998 -2.39% 3.07%
1997 -3.71% 7.35%
1996 -3.89% 6.01%
1995 -5.11% 2.96%
1994 -5.46% 0.04%
1993 -6.4% -1.64%
1992 -4.64% -2.07%
1991 -2.89% -0.12%
1990 -2.45% 1.95%
1989 -1.9% 1.81%
1988 -2.7% 2.65%
1987 -2.13% 4.56%
1986 -3.3% 5.87%
1985 -3.08% 9.84%
1984 -2.8% 6.97%
1983 -2.58% 6.03%
1982 -2.91% 3.96%
1981 -2.39% 4.82%
1980 -0.27% 5.38%
1979 -0.36% 2.16%
1978 -1.73% 0.94%
1977 0.9% 1.01%
1976 1.01% 2.2%
1975 -0.28% 2.88%
1974 3.05% 4.06%
1973 1.97% 4.99%
1972 1.94% 3.93%
1971 -0.13% 3.71%
1970 0.02% 2.83%
1969 -0.49% 3.57%
1968 -2.54% 3.38%
1967 -0.8% 4.19%
1966 -0.57% 3.59%
1965 -0.07% 2.78%
1964 -0.25% 3.08%
1963 -2.24% 2.6%
1962 -1.53% 4%
1961 -1.36% -0.7%
1960 -1.95% 1.42%
1959 0.56% 1.89%
1958 0.08% 1.7%
1957 -1.99% 1.55%
1956 -2.62% 1.22%
1955 -1.04% 0.82%
1954 -0.78% -0.54%
1953 -4.79% 1.3%
1952 -6.82% 2.15%
1951 -4.42% 1.59%
1950 -5.56% -0.89%
1949 -7.31% -0.72%
1948 -9.11% -0.35%
1947 -7.6% -4.66%
1946 -8.1% -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 -6.89% -0.16%
1936 -4.76% -0.7%
1935 -4.22% -1.1%
1934 -4.31% -0.59%
1933 -4.96% -1.29%
1932 -1.86% -1.14%
1931 -2.06% -1.15%
1930 -1.65% -0.46%
1929 1.48% -0.83%
1928 1.13% -0.81%
1927 -0.04% -0.76%
1926 -0.02% -1.59%
1925 -0.87% -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 0.05% -0.9%
1912 0.23% -0.89%
1911 0.31% -0.05%
1910 -0.12% 0.3%
1909 -0.11% -0.52%
1908 -0.15% -0.06%
1907 0.23% 0.16%
1906 -0.04% -0.59%
1905 0.18% -0.52%
1904 0.3% -0.75%
1903 0.21% -1.12%
1902 -0.37% -1.52%
1901 -0.39% -1.41%
1900 0.21% -1.99%
1899 0.21% -1.35%
1898 0.29% -1.39%
1897 0.01% -0.63%
1896 -0.03% -1.57%
1895 -0.07% -1.66%
1894 -0.08% -1.13%
1893 -0.3% -1.25%
1892 -0.03% -0.94%
1891 0.36% -0.44%
1890 0.31% -0.2%
1889 0.09% -0.07%
1888 0.18% -0.23%
1887 -0.07% -0.17%
1886 -0.5% -0.2%
1885 -0.59% -0.005%
1884 -0.35% -0.08%
1883 -0.23% -0.17%
1882 -0.15% -0.62%
1881 0.64% -1.13%
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/norway | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 5 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 2.71% of GDP, compared to surplus of 6.38% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Norway
2024 2% 3.15%
2023 4.88% 5.52%
2022 5.22% 5.76%
2021 1.64% 3.48%
2020 0.48% 1.29%
2019 1.11% 2.17%
2018 1.85% 2.76%
2017 1.03% 1.88%
2016 0.18% 3.55%
2015 0.04% 2.17%
2014 0.51% 2.04%
2013 0.86% 2.12%
2012 1.95% 0.7%
2011 2.11% 1.28%
2010 1.53% 2.42%
2009 0.09% 2.2%
2008 2.81% 3.75%
2007 1.49% 0.71%
2006 1.68% 2.33%
2005 1.75% 1.53%
2004 2.14% 0.45%
2003 2.1% 2.49%
2002 1.92% 1.29%
2001 1.63% 3%
2000 1.68% 3.09%
1999 0.54% 2.37%
1998 0.65% 2.25%
1997 1.2% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.33B
Transport & tourism services $743M
Business & finance services $588M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $345M
Manufacturing & construction services $171M
Chemicals & pharma $169M
IT & IP services $169M
Metals $152M
Raw materials & minerals $134M
Raw agricultural goods $129M
Norway
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $8.7B
Animal & marine products $987M
Machinery & equipment $317M
Metals $202M
Miscellaneous $103M
Wood & paper products $60M
Chemicals & pharma $41.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $32.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16.7M
Weapons & explosives $12.5M

Balance of trade

France Norway
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Norway
Economic freedom 64.6 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 9/197
Property rights 91.2 99.6
Government integrity 73.4 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 96.4
Tax burden 54.6 63.3
Government spending 0.9 42
Fiscal health 34.8 96.4
Business freedom 78.4 91.2
Labor freedom 59.1 69.3
Monetary freedom 73.2 72.4
Trade freedom 79.4 85.6
Investment freedom 75 75
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Norway
2026 64.6 78.8
2025 64.4 78.3
2024 62.5 77.5
2023 63.6 76.9
2022 65.9 76.9
2021 65.7 73.4
2020 66 73.4
2019 63.8 73
2018 63.9 74.3
2017 63.3 74
2016 62.3 70.8
2015 62.5 71.8
2014 63.5 70.9
2013 64.1 70.5
2012 63.2 68.8
2011 64.6 70.3
2010 64.2 69.4
2009 63.3 70.2
2008 64.7 68.6
2007 62.1 67.9
2006 61.1 67.9
2005 60.5 64.5
2004 60.9 66.2
2003 59.2 67.2
2002 58 67.4
2001 58 67.1
2000 57.4 70.1
1999 59.1 68.6
1998 58.9 68
1997 59.1 65.1
1996 63.7 65.4
1995 64.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Norway
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$4.95B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/norway | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.