Egypt ranked 42/197 by economy size with a GDP of $389B and 137/197 by GDP per capita at $3,338. Egypt has $354B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 86.6%.
In 2025, Egypt made up 0.35% of the world's economy, compared to 0.31% in 1960.
The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.
| Year | GDP | GDP growth | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current $ | Constant $ | ||
| 1960 | $4,206,270,352 | $20,297,834,751 | - |
| 1961 | $4,494,575,611 | $21,345,429,172 | 6.85% |
| 1962 | $4,035,462,027 | $22,172,696,194 | -10.2% |
| 1963 | $4,187,146,232 | $24,504,840,916 | 3.76% |
| 1964 | $4,709,245,762 | $27,324,754,469 | 12.5% |
| 1965 | $4,948,667,540 | $28,667,504,460 | 5.08% |
| 1966 | $5,278,005,612 | $30,114,182,469 | 6.66% |
| 1967 | $5,605,484,299 | $30,356,681,178 | 6.2% |
| 1968 | $5,932,242,991 | $29,868,912,347 | 5.83% |
| 1969 | $6,524,455,206 | $31,445,846,805 | 9.98% |
| 1970 | $8,042,200,452 | $33,206,347,268 | 23.3% |
| 1971 | $8,609,283,346 | $34,553,643,779 | 7.05% |
| 1972 | $9,299,638,056 | $35,609,492,777 | 8.02% |
| 1973 | $10,098,534,613 | $36,858,257,211 | 8.59% |
| 1974 | $9,228,963,225 | $37,432,854,799 | -8.61% |
| 1975 | $11,632,178,869 | $40,779,032,775 | 26% |
| 1976 | $13,315,988,083 | $46,194,361,686 | 14.5% |
| 1977 | $14,400,806,876 | $50,353,260,517 | 8.15% |
| 1978 | $14,811,704,063 | $54,698,126,369 | 2.85% |
| 1979 | $18,020,571,429 | $57,185,627,389 | 21.7% |
| 1980 | $21,669,908,176 | $62,910,668,709 | 20.3% |
| 1981 | $22,136,081,081 | $67,533,693,106 | 2.15% |
| 1982 | $27,655,172,414 | $74,224,371,655 | 24.9% |
| 1983 | $30,966,239,814 | $78,005,663,121 | 12% |
| 1984 | $33,971,188,992 | $85,607,909,951 | 9.7% |
| 1985 | $39,053,502,251 | $90,565,897,014 | 15% |
| 1986 | $41,253,507,951 | $94,862,819,135 | 5.63% |
| 1987 | $40,455,616,654 | $98,498,676,314 | -1.93% |
| 1988 | $34,980,124,929 | $103,878,004,711 | -13.5% |
| 1989 | $39,756,299,050 | $108,989,704,832 | 13.7% |
| 1990 | $42,978,914,311 | $115,166,183,183 | 8.11% |
| 1991 | $37,387,836,491 | $116,462,268,700 | -13% |
| 1992 | $41,855,986,519 | $121,671,461,982 | 12% |
| 1993 | $46,578,631,453 | $125,200,896,557 | 11.3% |
| 1994 | $51,897,983,393 | $130,175,343,748 | 11.4% |
| 1995 | $60,159,245,060 | $136,218,680,414 | 15.9% |
| 1996 | $67,629,716,981 | $143,014,263,359 | 12.4% |
| 1997 | $78,436,578,171 | $150,869,114,036 | 16% |
| 1998 | $84,828,807,556 | $159,280,817,658 | 8.15% |
| 1999 | $90,710,704,807 | $168,922,784,451 | 6.93% |
| 2000 | $99,838,543,960 | $179,683,172,290 | 10.1% |
| 2001 | $96,684,636,119 | $186,035,425,185 | -3.16% |
| 2002 | $85,146,067,416 | $190,482,051,407 | -11.9% |
| 2003 | $80,288,461,538 | $196,565,009,502 | -5.71% |
| 2004 | $78,782,467,532 | $204,608,590,453 | -1.88% |
| 2005 | $89,660,339,660 | $213,758,163,786 | 13.8% |
| 2006 | $107,426,086,957 | $228,387,426,641 | 19.8% |
| 2007 | $130,437,828,371 | $244,575,133,306 | 21.4% |
| 2008 | $162,818,181,818 | $262,077,623,377 | 24.8% |
| 2009 | $189,147,005,445 | $274,326,082,658 | 16.2% |
| 2010 | $218,983,666,062 | $288,446,290,408 | 15.8% |
| 2011 | $235,989,672,978 | $293,536,132,737 | 7.77% |
| 2012 | $279,116,666,667 | $300,070,833,533 | 18.3% |
| 2013 | $288,434,108,527 | $306,628,779,736 | 3.34% |
| 2014 | $305,595,408,895 | $315,569,804,752 | 5.95% |
| 2015 | $329,366,576,819 | $329,366,576,819 | 7.78% |
| 2016 | $332,441,717,791 | $343,682,967,576 | 0.93% |
| 2017 | $248,362,771,739 | $358,053,111,989 | -25.3% |
| 2018 | $262,588,632,527 | $377,141,312,303 | 5.73% |
| 2019 | $318,678,815,490 | $398,080,548,973 | 21.4% |
| 2020 | $383,817,841,547 | $412,213,064,649 | 20.4% |
| 2021 | $424,671,765,456 | $425,777,537,422 | 10.6% |
| 2022 | $476,747,720,365 | $453,827,104,225 | 12.3% |
| 2023 | $395,926,075,163 | $470,892,276,432 | -17% |
| 2024 | $389,059,911,004 | $482,189,779,213 | -1.73% |
Economic Statistics of Egypt
Egypt
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$389B
2024 |
42/197 |
| GDP growth |
-1.73%
2023-2024 |
181/196 |
| GDP per capita |
$3,338
2024 |
137/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$19,094
2024 |
97/197 |
| Government debt |
$354B
2024 |
27/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
86.6%
2025 |
36/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$3,036
2024 |
99/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,826
2025 |
172/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
246
2024 |
30/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$42.6B
2024 |
51/100 |
| Number of billionaires |
5
2025 |
46/78 |
| Billionaire frequency |
1 in 13,700,063
2025 |
69/78 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
24.6%
2021 |
125/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
4.2%
2021 |
8/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
28.9%
2025 |
106/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
28.3%
2023-2024 |
11/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
22%
2025 |
10/105 |
| Unemployment rate |
6.75%
2023 |
69/196 |
| Population |
119759833
|
13/197 |
Egypt's GDP per capita
Egypt has a GDP per capita of $3,338, ranking 137/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $19,094, ranking 97/197, and a median annual after tax income of $1,826, ranking 172/197.
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $156.4 | - |
| 1961 | $162.8 | - |
| 1962 | $142.4 | - |
| 1963 | $143.9 | - |
| 1964 | $157.7 | - |
| 1965 | $161.6 | - |
| 1966 | $168.1 | - |
| 1967 | $174.1 | - |
| 1968 | $179.8 | - |
| 1969 | $193 | - |
| 1970 | $232.3 | - |
| 1971 | $243 | - |
| 1972 | $256.5 | - |
| 1973 | $272.2 | - |
| 1974 | $243.1 | - |
| 1975 | $299.2 | - |
| 1976 | $335 | - |
| 1977 | $353 | - |
| 1978 | $355 | - |
| 1979 | $421 | - |
| 1980 | $493 | - |
| 1981 | $490 | - |
| 1982 | $596 | - |
| 1983 | $648 | - |
| 1984 | $690 | - |
| 1985 | $770 | - |
| 1986 | $790 | - |
| 1987 | $754 | - |
| 1988 | $634 | - |
| 1989 | $701 | - |
| 1990 | $736 | $3,566 |
| 1991 | $623 | $3,627 |
| 1992 | $681 | $3,784 |
| 1993 | $740 | $3,895 |
| 1994 | $807 | $4,048 |
| 1995 | $916 | $4,235 |
| 1996 | $1,009 | $4,434 |
| 1997 | $1,146 | $4,661 |
| 1998 | $1,213 | $4,869 |
| 1999 | $1,268 | $5,121 |
| 2000 | $1,366 | $5,452 |
| 2001 | $1,295 | $5,650 |
| 2002 | $1,117 | $5,753 |
| 2003 | $1,031 | $5,928 |
| 2004 | $991 | $6,207 |
| 2005 | $1,106 | $6,554 |
| 2006 | $1,299 | $7,079 |
| 2007 | $1,548 | $7,641 |
| 2008 | $1,896 | $8,191 |
| 2009 | $2,162 | $8,465 |
| 2010 | $2,455 | $8,838 |
| 2011 | $2,591 | $8,988 |
| 2012 | $2,996 | $10,342 |
| 2013 | $3,026 | $10,511 |
| 2014 | $3,133 | $10,256 |
| 2015 | $3,307 | $10,903 |
| 2016 | $3,271 | $10,666 |
| 2017 | $2,395 | $11,125 |
| 2018 | $2,485 | $12,329 |
| 2019 | $2,963 | $13,364 |
| 2020 | $3,511 | $15,232 |
| 2021 | $3,827 | $15,579 |
| 2022 | $4,233 | $17,527 |
| 2023 | $3,457 | $18,525 |
| 2024 | $3,338 | $19,094 |
Egypt's government spending, deficit, and chart
This chart shows Egypt's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 27 years, Egypt recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 years — average annual deficit equal to -7.05% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $89.2B (28.9% of GDP), with a deficit of -12.1%.
The national debt reached $354B, ranking 27th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 86.6%, ranking 36th.
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 1998 | - | 73.8% | - |
| 1999 | 26.3% | 72.4% | 2.14% |
| 2000 | 26% | 71.7% | 1.32% |
| 2001 | 27.9% | 79.1% | -1.07% |
| 2002 | 30.9% | 85.8% | -6.77% |
| 2003 | 30.6% | 97.1% | -5.73% |
| 2004 | 30.1% | 96.5% | -5.76% |
| 2005 | 30.3% | 98.3% | -6.69% |
| 2006 | 34.5% | 85.9% | -7.35% |
| 2007 | 31.3% | 76.3% | -4.9% |
| 2008 | 32.7% | 66.8% | -6.05% |
| 2009 | 32.5% | 69.5% | -6.2% |
| 2010 | 31.4% | 69.6% | -7.45% |
| 2011 | 30.5% | 72.8% | -9.6% |
| 2012 | 29.2% | 69.9% | -9.47% |
| 2013 | 32.9% | 79.8% | -12.3% |
| 2014 | 33.9% | 80.9% | -10.7% |
| 2015 | 31.3% | 83.8% | -10.4% |
| 2016 | 31% | 91.6% | -11.8% |
| 2017 | 30.6% | 97.8% | -9.9% |
| 2018 | 28.6% | 87.9% | -8.97% |
| 2019 | 26.9% | 80.1% | -7.6% |
| 2020 | 25.7% | 86.2% | -7.47% |
| 2021 | 25.5% | 89.9% | -6.96% |
| 2022 | 24.9% | 88.5% | -5.74% |
| 2023 | 22.7% | 95.9% | -5.77% |
| 2024 | 22.9% | 90.9% | -7.12% |
| 2025 | 28.9% | 86.6% | -12.1% |
Inflation rate by year
Over the past 20 years, Egypt has had an average annual inflation rate of 13.2%. In 2024, inflation was 28.3%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 1960 | 0.33% |
| 1961 | 0.69% |
| 1962 | -3% |
| 1963 | 0.75% |
| 1964 | 3.66% |
| 1965 | 14.8% |
| 1966 | 9.04% |
| 1967 | 0.7% |
| 1968 | -1.68% |
| 1969 | 3.41% |
| 1970 | 3.76% |
| 1971 | 3.14% |
| 1972 | 2.1% |
| 1973 | 5.11% |
| 1974 | 10% |
| 1975 | 9.67% |
| 1976 | 10.3% |
| 1977 | 12.7% |
| 1978 | 11.1% |
| 1979 | 9.9% |
| 1980 | 20.8% |
| 1981 | 10.3% |
| 1982 | 14.8% |
| 1983 | 16.1% |
| 1984 | 17% |
| 1985 | 12.1% |
| 1986 | 23.9% |
| 1987 | 19.7% |
| 1988 | 17.7% |
| 1989 | 21.3% |
| 1990 | 16.8% |
| 1991 | 19.7% |
| 1992 | 13.6% |
| 1993 | 12.1% |
| 1994 | 8.15% |
| 1995 | 15.7% |
| 1996 | 7.19% |
| 1997 | 4.63% |
| 1998 | 3.87% |
| 1999 | 3.08% |
| 2000 | 2.68% |
| 2001 | 2.27% |
| 2002 | 2.74% |
| 2003 | 4.51% |
| 2004 | 11.3% |
| 2005 | 4.87% |
| 2006 | 7.64% |
| 2007 | 9.32% |
| 2008 | 18.3% |
| 2009 | 11.8% |
| 2010 | 11.3% |
| 2011 | 10.1% |
| 2012 | 7.11% |
| 2013 | 9.47% |
| 2014 | 10.1% |
| 2015 | 10.4% |
| 2016 | 13.8% |
| 2017 | 29.5% |
| 2018 | 14.4% |
| 2019 | 9.15% |
| 2020 | 5.04% |
| 2021 | 5.21% |
| 2022 | 13.9% |
| 2023 | 33.9% |
| 2024 | 28.3% |
Balance of trade
|
Egypt
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
-$22.3B
2024 |
183/189 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-5.72%
2024 |
139/189 |
| Goods imports |
$72.9B
2024 |
43/188 |
| Goods exports |
$34.8B
2024 |
64/188 |
| Service imports |
$27.5B
2024 |
42/188 |
| Service exports |
$29.6B
2024 |
42/188 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
23.2%
2024 |
156/180 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
16.4%
2024 |
161/193 |
Egypt's top 10 trading partners
Egypt's biggest trading partner accounting for 11.6%% of all exports and imports is China, with a trade balance between the two of -$15.2B — Egypt exports $394M worth of goods and services to China and imports $15.5B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Egypt.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
China
|
$15.9B | 11.6% | $394M | $15.5B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
Saudi Arabia
|
$11.3B | 8.21% | $3.36B | $7.94B | Metals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 3 |
United States
|
$9.87B | 7.17% | $2.26B | $7.61B | Textiles & consumer goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 4 |
Russia
|
$6.61B | 4.81% | $607M | $6.01B | Raw agricultural goods | Raw agricultural goods |
| 5 |
Turkey
|
$6.59B | 4.79% | $3.32B | $3.26B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
Italy
|
$6.58B | 4.78% | $3.38B | $3.2B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
UAE
|
$5.96B | 4.33% | $3.27B | $2.69B | Precious metals & jewellery | Metals |
| 8 |
Germany
|
$5.39B | 3.91% | $989M | $4.4B | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Brazil
|
$5.05B | 3.67% | $854M | $4.2B | Raw materials & minerals | Raw agricultural goods |
| 10 |
India
|
$3.78B | 2.74% | $517M | $3.26B | Raw materials & minerals | Chemicals & pharma |
Egypt's top 10 exports
|
Egypt
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Transport & tourism services | $30.3B | 26/188 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $10.8B | 51/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $6.15B | 37/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $6.03B | 25/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $4.97B | 44/193 |
| Metals | $4.74B | 48/192 |
| Machinery & equipment | $3.98B | 58/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $3.52B | 47/192 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $3.26B | 36/190 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $3.17B | 6/180 |
Egypt's top 10 imports
|
Egypt
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $21.1B | 51/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $21.1B | 31/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $13.7B | 42/188 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $13.5B | 37/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $11B | 19/193 |
| Metals | $10.8B | 33/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $5.53B | 38/193 |
| Business & finance services | $5.37B | 46/188 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $5.28B | 49/193 |
| Wood & paper products | $3.1B | 32/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Egypt
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 50.9 | 158/197 |
| Property rights | 40.6 | 122/182 |
| Government integrity | 29.6 | 122/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 21.9 | 122/182 |
| Tax burden | 85.8 | 54/181 |
| Government spending | 82.2 | 55/180 |
| Fiscal health | 20.7 | 152/181 |
| Business freedom | 48 | 143/182 |
| Labor freedom | 43.6 | 165/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 62.6 | 150/180 |
| Trade freedom | 60.2 | 148/181 |
| Investment freedom | 65 | 51/181 |
| Financial freedom | 50 | 76/181 |
Egypt's economic freedom by year
Egypt is ranked 144/180 for economic freedom with a score of 50.9, compared to 98/163 and a score of 55.8 in 2005.
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 1995 | 45.7 | - | 46 | 53.7 | - |
| 1996 | 52 | - | 56.2 | 61.8 | - |
| 1997 | 54.5 | - | 55.9 | 72.3 | - |
| 1998 | 55.8 | - | 56.5 | 76.5 | - |
| 1999 | 58 | - | 64.9 | 74.2 | - |
| 2000 | 51.7 | - | 65.3 | 54.4 | - |
| 2001 | 51.5 | - | 66.1 | 54.4 | - |
| 2002 | 54.1 | - | 65.6 | 71.2 | - |
| 2003 | 55.3 | - | 66.1 | 72.8 | - |
| 2004 | 55.5 | - | 66.1 | 76.8 | - |
| 2005 | 55.8 | - | 66.1 | 78.6 | - |
| 2006 | 53.2 | - | 64.7 | 72.1 | - |
| 2007 | 54.4 | - | 90.4 | 72.8 | - |
| 2008 | 58.5 | - | 90.8 | 73 | - |
| 2009 | 58 | - | 89.5 | 66.1 | - |
| 2010 | 59 | - | 89.7 | 73.4 | - |
| 2011 | 59.1 | - | 89.6 | 65.3 | - |
| 2012 | 57.9 | - | 89.7 | 64.1 | - |
| 2013 | 54.8 | - | 85.6 | 69.4 | - |
| 2014 | 52.9 | - | 85.6 | 69.6 | - |
| 2015 | 55.2 | - | 85.8 | 68 | - |
| 2016 | 56 | - | 85.6 | 65.9 | - |
| 2017 | 52.6 | 56.3 | 86.1 | 63 | 4.6 |
| 2018 | 53.4 | 52.5 | 84.2 | 65.1 | 1.2 |
| 2019 | 52.5 | 48.3 | 85.2 | 68.1 | 0 |
| 2020 | 54 | 51.2 | 86.1 | 69.9 | 2.8 |
| 2021 | 55.7 | 54 | 86.9 | 73.1 | 6 |
| 2022 | 49.1 | 22.1 | 87.1 | 75.7 | 3.7 |
| 2023 | 49.6 | 27.9 | 86.7 | 79.4 | 4.1 |
| 2024 | 49.7 | 21.9 | 85.4 | 80.8 | 11.8 |
| 2025 | 50.9 | 21.9 | 85.8 | 82.2 | 20.7 |
More economic indicators
|
Egypt
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
48.9%
2024 |
137/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
32.6%
2024 |
41/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
13.7%
2024 |
57/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$409B
2024 |
39/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$18,230
2024 |
96/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$44.9B
2024 |
44/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$46.1B
2024 |
187/188 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$46.6B
2024 |
9/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$508M
2024 |
62/187 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
5.65%
2023 |
39/119 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
33.5%
2021 |
51/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
13%
2024 |
164/176 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
Relevant pages:
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Economy comparisons
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.