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Economy of Germany vs Philippines compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Germany has a GDP of $5.05T compared to $487B for the Philippines, ranking 3/197 and 34/197 by economy size, respectively.

Germany has $3.18T in government debt (62.9% of GDP), compared to $289B (59.4% of GDP) in the Philippines.

Germany vs Philippines GDP by year

Germany
Philippines
1x
Year GDP, current $
Germany Philippines
2025 $5,050,922,925,047 $487,086,123,720
2024 $4,685,592,577,805 $461,671,157,905
2023 $4,562,207,532,490 $437,055,627,245
2022 $4,201,021,706,479 $404,353,369,605
2021 $4,355,251,953,411 $394,087,359,848
2020 $3,941,398,957,074 $361,751,145,452
2019 $3,959,894,794,039 $376,823,402,239
2018 $4,055,433,215,302 $346,841,896,587
2017 $3,765,351,626,106 $328,480,736,803
2016 $3,536,787,895,179 $318,627,003,017
2015 $3,425,099,578,746 $306,445,871,242
2014 $3,964,870,735,761 $297,483,555,338
2013 $3,807,023,797,051 $283,902,828,589
2012 $3,596,483,233,406 $261,920,540,963
2011 $3,823,575,803,794 $234,216,730,291
2010 $3,467,093,769,667 $208,368,893,151
2009 $3,478,545,516,684 $175,974,755,881
2008 $3,808,197,720,125 $181,624,626,327
2007 $3,484,056,680,855 $155,980,408,673
2006 $3,046,308,753,671 $127,652,926,368
2005 $2,893,393,187,362 $107,419,977,318
2004 $2,852,317,768,062 $95,001,999,685
2003 $2,534,715,518,349 $87,039,092,974
2002 $2,102,350,798,306 $84,307,345,888
2001 $1,966,381,496,642 $78,921,234,458
2000 $1,966,980,701,145 $83,669,788,377
1999 $2,213,873,468,587 $85,640,171,045
1998 $2,247,760,364,566 $74,492,416,330
1997 $2,218,790,886,533 $94,106,317,565
1996 $2,506,576,553,158 $94,648,084,429
1995 $2,593,053,091,306 $84,644,328,727
1994 $2,215,282,632,277 $73,159,336,915
1993 $2,078,954,217,438 $62,036,529,147
1992 $2,141,377,582,968 $60,422,328,242
1991 $1,875,792,575,133 $51,784,144,943
1990 $1,778,162,195,860 $50,508,286,642
1989 $1,404,092,925,205 $48,513,773,721
1988 $1,406,367,016,372 $43,152,128,959
1987 $1,302,932,318,825 $37,791,488,666
1986 $1,050,092,624,516 $33,987,207,295
1985 $735,218,723,093 $34,961,486,348
1984 $727,767,760,979 $35,730,185,634
1983 $773,507,930,295 $37,759,179,895
1982 $779,421,633,755 $42,206,011,275
1981 $803,404,797,058 $40,499,388,869
1980 $953,772,499,462 $36,848,080,899
1979 $884,574,218,333 $31,218,296,292
1978 $743,182,891,918 $25,762,224,563
1977 $602,698,323,086 $22,283,109,803
1976 $521,658,712,133 $19,381,055,197
1975 $492,434,094,920 $16,875,240,684
1974 $446,934,971,657 $15,607,882,555
1973 $399,833,571,167 $11,412,449,735
1972 $300,899,944,795 $9,067,815,521
1971 $250,900,942,397 $8,375,075,630
1970 $216,629,229,947 $7,559,115,517
1969 $177,733,486,326 $9,571,800,653
1968 $156,527,292,653 $8,632,749,269
1967 $145,100,667,773 $7,724,873,935
1966 $143,304,275,684 $7,189,017,888
1965 $134,774,688,191 $6,517,349,772
1964 $123,330,404,665 $5,953,756,195
1963 $112,232,503,744 $5,505,023,238
1962 $105,895,435,234 $4,954,593,072
1961 $96,558,204,043 $8,171,194,425
1960 $84,619,845,881 $7,515,894,111

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/philippines | CC BY

GDP per capita in Germany vs Philippines by year

Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Germany Philippines
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,496 - $4,171 -
2024 $56,104 $73,552 $3,985 $11,794
2023 $54,777 $71,684 $3,804 $10,986
2022 $50,507 $69,049 $3,548 $10,131
2021 $52,349 $62,531 $3,484 $8,858
2020 $47,395 $58,686 $3,228 $8,238
2019 $47,656 $59,271 $3,401 $8,924
2018 $48,916 $56,273 $3,169 $8,358
2017 $45,554 $54,110 $3,038 $7,774
2016 $42,949 $51,570 $2,985 $7,383
2015 $41,930 $48,545 $2,910 $6,894
2014 $48,960 $47,939 $2,867 $6,689
2013 $47,207 $45,889 $2,781 $6,373
2012 $44,718 $44,229 $2,615 $6,094
2011 $47,631 $43,398 $2,384 $5,705
2010 $42,397 $39,726 $2,163 $5,489
2009 $42,472 $37,574 $1,864 $5,157
2008 $46,379 $38,444 $1,959 $5,144
2007 $42,351 $36,914 $1,713 $4,923
2006 $36,980 $34,741 $1,426 $4,579
2005 $35,084 $32,314 $1,220 $4,289
2004 $34,567 $31,753 $1,100 $4,037
2003 $30,711 $30,301 $1,027 $3,761
2002 $25,487 $29,514 $1,015 $3,580
2001 $23,878 $28,674 $970 $3,469
2000 $23,926 $27,474 $1,051 $3,366
1999 $26,965 $26,518 $1,101 $3,229
1998 $27,396 $25,446 $983 $3,160
1997 $27,047 $24,649 $1,273 $3,221
1996 $30,600 $24,169 $1,311 $3,082
1995 $31,747 $23,631 $1,200 $2,926
1994 $27,202 $22,869 $1,060 $2,800
1993 $25,617 $21,900 $919 $2,684
1992 $26,560 $21,746 $917 $2,629
1991 $23,443 $21,001 $804 $2,621
1990 $22,386 $19,468 $804 $2,608
1989 $17,829 - $792 -
1988 $17,997 - $722 -
1987 $16,739 - $650 -
1986 $13,511 - $600 -
1985 $9,464 - $633 -
1984 $9,347 - $665 -
1983 $9,900 - $723 -
1982 $9,950 - $833 -
1981 $10,246 - $821 -
1980 $12,183 - $767 -
1979 $11,322 - $667 -
1978 $9,517 - $565 -
1977 $7,711 - $502 -
1976 $6,659 - $449 -
1975 $6,259 - $401 -
1974 $5,660 - $379 -
1973 $5,065 - $283.2 -
1972 $3,824 - $230.1 -
1971 $3,204 - $217.4 -
1970 $2,771 - $200.9 -
1969 $2,281 - $261.1 -
1968 $2,025 - $242.2 -
1967 $1,886 - $223.1 -
1966 $1,871 - $213.8 -
1965 $1,774 - $199.8 -
1964 $1,637 - $188.2 -
1963 $1,502 - $179.5 -
1962 $1,431 - $166.7 -
1961 $1,316 - $283.8 -
1960 $1,162 - $269.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/philippines | CC BY

Germany's GDP per capita is $60,496, ranking 18/197, compared to $4,171 in the Philippines, ranking 130/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Germany ranks 20th at $73,552, while the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794.

Economic indicators

Germany Philippines
Gross domestic product
$5.05T
2025
$487B
2025
GDP rank
3/197
2025
34/197
2025
GDP growth
0.24%
2024-2025
4.4%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,496
2025
$4,171
2025
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2025
130/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,552
2024
$11,794
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
20/197
2024
127/197
2024
Government debt
$3.18T
2025
$289B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
62.9%
2025
59.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$38,071
2025
$2,476
2025
Government debt per person rank
21/185
2025
113/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,352
2026
$3,163
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.9T
2025
$232B
2025
Number of millionaires
2,648,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
212
2026
15
2026
Income share by richest 10%
26.2%
2022
31.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
2.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
50.5%
2025
24.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.17%
2024-2025
1.66%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.8%
2025
2.41%
2023
Population
82830814
118213646

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Germany
Spending

Debt
Philippines
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Germany Philippines
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 50.5% 62.9% 24.3% 59.4%
2024 49.4% 62.2% 25.6% 56.6%
2023 48.1% 62.3% 24.7% 56.5%
2022 48.6% 64.4% 25.9% 57.4%
2021 50.7% 67.9% 27.2% 57%
2020 51.1% 68% 25.9% 51.6%
2019 45.5% 58.7% 21.7% 37%
2018 44.7% 60.8% 20.9% 37.1%
2017 44.5% 64% 19.5% 38.1%
2016 44.7% 68.3% 19% 37.4%
2015 44.5% 71.2% 17.8% 39.7%
2014 44.5% 74.5% 16.8% 40.3%
2013 45.2% 77.5% 17.3% 43.9%
2012 45.1% 79.8% 17.7% 45.7%
2011 45.3% 78.5% 17.2% 45.4%
2010 48.1% 81% 18.3% 47.6%
2009 48.3% 72.4% 19.2% 49.8%
2008 44.4% 65.2% 17.9% 50%
2007 43.5% 63.7% 18.2% 50.2%
2006 45.3% 66.4% 18.3% 57.2%
2005 46.9% 67.1% 18.7% 64.7%
2004 47% 65% 19.4% 71.1%
2003 48.5% 63.3% 20.4% 71.4%
2002 48.2% 59.8% 20.6% 65.2%
2001 47.7% 58.1% 21% 59.5%
2000 48.1% 59.2% 20.8% 59.2%
1999 48.5% 60.3% 20.7% 54.2%
1998 48.3% 59.4% 20.3% 50.8%
1997 48.8% 58.8% 20.3% 56.9%
1996 49.6% 57.7% 19.6% 53.1%
1995 55.2% 54.9% 19.1% 60.8%
1994 48.3% 47.5% 19.7% 63.6%
1993 48.3% 45.1% 17.6% 73.9%
1992 47.4% 41.4% 18.4% 53.9%
1991 46.5% 39% 18% 55.6%
1990 44.7% 40.7% 18.8% 56.2%
1989 44.3% 39.2% 15.7% 55.2%
1988 45.6% 40.5% 15.9% 69%
1987 46% 40.1% 15.7% 79.2%
1986 45.7% 39.1% 13.5% 77.7%
1985 46.6% 39.2% 11.3% 53.1%
1984 47.2% 38.7% 10.1% 45.8%
1983 47.9% 38% 12.2% 43.1%
1982 49.1% 36.4% 12.8% 32.9%
1981 49% 33.6% 13.7% 27.6%
1980 48.2% 30.1% 13.4% 24.8%
1979 47.4% 28.2% 11.9% 22.5%
1978 47.7% 27.4% 13.3% 23.1%
1977 49% 26% 13.3% 19.8%
1976 49.4% 25.1% 13.8% 16.8%
1975 50.3% 23.7% 15.1% 13%
1974 46% 18.5% 10.7% 13.4%
1973 42.4% 17.3% 14% 11.5%
1972 41.8% 18% 13.4% 14.2%
1971 40.9% 17.7% 11.2% 14.8%
1970 39.5% 17.7% 10.4% 16.8%
1969 29.7% 20.3% 11.5% 16.4%
1968 28.5% 22.5% 11.2% 15.7%
1967 28.8% 22.5% 10.2% 15.4%
1966 28.3% 19.8% 9.77% 14.4%
1965 28.4% 18.7% 9.48% 15%
1964 29% 18.2% 9.66% 14.2%
1963 29.1% 18.1% 10.4% 14.1%
1962 29.2% 17.6% 10.8% 15.9%
1961 28.8% 18.7% 9.6% 16.5%
1960 22.9% 18.4% 10.1% 16.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/philippines | CC BY

In 2025, Germany's government spending was $2.55T, accounting for 50.5% of its GDP, while the Philippines spent $118B, or 24.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 62.9% in Germany and 59.4% in the Philippines, ranking 70/185 and 79/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Germany

Philippines
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Germany Philippines
2025 -2.67% -3.97%
2024 -2.66% -4.44%
2023 -2.49% -4.38%
2022 -1.91% -5.48%
2021 -3.17% -6.23%
2020 -4.38% -5.55%
2019 1.33% -1.5%
2018 1.88% -1.48%
2017 1.34% -0.75%
2016 1.13% -0.74%
2015 0.91% 0.14%
2014 0.73% 1.32%
2013 0.12% 0.37%
2012 -0.05% -0.22%
2011 -0.84% -0.38%
2010 -4.42% -2.25%
2009 -3.18% -2.57%
2008 -0.26% 0.02%
2007 0.15% -0.28%
2006 -1.76% -0.05%
2005 -3.37% -1.62%
2004 -3.42% -2.81%
2003 -3.83% -3.49%
2002 -4.09% -3.71%
2001 -3.12% -3.49%
2000 -1.71% -3.27%
1999 -1.87% -2.29%
1998 -2.65% -1.31%
1997 -3.03% 0.37%
1996 -3.64% 0.54%
1995 -9.44% -0.02%
1994 -2.54% -0.44%
1993 -3.11% 0.63%
1992 -2.63% -0.43%
1991 -3.21% -0.26%
1990 -1.94% -1.52%
1989 0.08% -1.64%
1988 -2.02% -2.71%
1987 -1.85% -1.06%
1986 -1.18% -0.55%
1985 -1.18% 0.71%
1984 -2.04% 0.64%
1983 -2.95% 0.1%
1982 -3.56% -0.88%
1981 -4.03% -1.09%
1980 -3.02% 0.56%
1979 -2.71% 1.54%
1978 -2.62% 0.05%
1977 -2.56% -0.42%
1976 -3.5% -0.55%
1975 -5.78% 0.13%
1974 -1.69% 5.94%
1973 1.14% 2.49%
1972 -0.37% 3.39%
1971 0.16% -0.96%
1970 0.53% -0.31%
1969 -0.43% -2.67%
1968 1.39% -2.33%
1967 2.73% -1.35%
1966 1.76% -0.74%
1965 2.26% -1.53%
1964 1.49% -0.99%
1963 1.43% -0.68%
1962 0.49% -0.43%
1961 -0.12% -0.29%
1960 -0.34% -1.06%
1959 0.77% -0.15%
1958 1.77% -0.21%
1957 1.99% -0.56%
1956 0.59% -0.77%
1955 -1.41% -1.3%
1954 -0.37% -0.79%
1953 -0.13% -0.88%
1952 0% 0.49%
1951 1.15% 1.5%
1950 1.81% -0.19%
1949 - -2.33%
1948 - -0.65%
1947 - 0.05%
1946 - -2.54%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 -0.64% -
1933 -0.43% -
1932 -1.11% -
1931 -1.03% -
1930 -1.52% -
1929 -0.9% -
1928 -1.47% -
1927 -0.44% -
1926 -1.3% -
1925 0.34% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.007% -
1912 -0.26% -
1911 0.06% -
1910 -0.21% -
1909 0.11% -
1908 -0.11% -
1907 -0.14% -
1906 0.76% -
1905 1.21% -
1904 0.41% -
1903 0.88% -
1902 0.08% -
1901 0.91% -
1900 0.27% -
1899 0.6% -
1898 0.47% -
1897 0.39% -
1896 0.63% -
1895 0.47% -
1894 0.44% -
1893 0.42% -
1892 -0.24% -
1891 1.18% -
1890 0.12% -
1889 1.16% -
1888 0.62% -
1887 0.88% -
1886 0.23% -
1885 0.21% -
1884 0.23% -
1883 0.55% -
1882 0.41% -
1881 0.12% -
1880 -0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/philippines | CC BY

In 2025, Germany's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 2.67% of GDP. This compares to the Philippines' deficit of $19.4B, or 3.97% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Germany recorded a fiscal deficit in 47 of those years, while the Philippines ran a deficit in 49 years. On average, Germany posted an annual deficit equal to 1.55% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.03% of GDP for the Philippines.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Germany

Philippines
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Germany Philippines
2025 2.17% 1.66%
2024 2.26% 3.21%
2023 5.95% 5.98%
2022 6.87% 5.82%
2021 3.07% 3.93%
2020 0.14% 2.39%
2019 1.45% 2.39%
2018 1.73% 5.31%
2017 1.51% 2.85%
2016 0.49% 1.25%
2015 0.51% 0.67%
2014 0.91% 3.6%
2013 1.5% 2.58%
2012 2.01% 3.03%
2011 2.08% 4.72%
2010 1.1% 3.79%
2009 0.31% 4.22%
2008 2.63% 8.26%
2007 2.3% 2.9%
2006 1.58% 5.49%
2005 1.55% 6.52%
2004 1.67% 4.83%
2003 1.03% 2.29%
2002 1.42% 2.72%
2001 1.98% 5.35%
2000 1.44% 3.98%
1999 0.59% 5.94%
1998 0.91% 9.23%
1997 1.94% 5.59%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/philippines | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Germany has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.83%, compared with 4.16% in the Philippines. In 2025, inflation was 2.17% in Germany and 1.66% in the Philippines.

Top exports between countries

Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.33B
Chemicals & pharma $335M
Transport & tourism services $234M
IT & IP services $126M
Business & finance services $80M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $78.4M
Miscellaneous $74.9M
Metals $70M
Wood & paper products $61.8M
Animal & marine products $52.4M
Philippines
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.06B
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $112M
Textiles & consumer goods $50.5M
Chemicals & pharma $48.2M
Raw agricultural goods $36.3M
Raw materials & minerals $19.7M
Metals $11M
Precious metals & jewellery $9.15M
Wood & paper products $9.06M
Animal & marine products $1.93M

Balance of trade

Germany Philippines
Current account balance
$228B
2025
-$16.3B
2025
Current account balance ranking
2/190
2025
181/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+4.51%
2025
-3.34%
2025
Goods imports
$1.32T
2025
$130B
2025
Goods exports
$1.53T
2025
$63.4B
2025
Service imports
$602B
2025
$38.2B
2025
Service exports
$518B
2025
$51.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
38.1%
2025
40.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.4%
2025
26.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Germany Philippines
Economic freedom 71.7 62.9
Economic freedom ranking 30/197 85/197
Property rights 95.5 45.8
Government integrity 84.5 35.4
Judicial effectiveness 94.6 41.8
Tax burden 60.5 78.3
Government spending 28.8 81
Fiscal health 83.1 60.5
Business freedom 79.8 69.2
Labor freedom 52.2 57.8
Monetary freedom 72.5 72.1
Trade freedom 79.4 83
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Germany
Philippines
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Germany Philippines
2026 71.7 62.9
2025 71.6 60.6
2024 72.1 59
2023 73.7 59.3
2022 76.1 61.1
2021 72.5 64.1
2020 73.5 64.5
2019 73.5 63.8
2018 74.2 65
2017 73.8 65.6
2016 74.4 63.1
2015 73.8 62.2
2014 73.4 60.1
2013 72.8 58.2
2012 71 57.1
2011 71.8 56.2
2010 71.1 56.3
2009 70.5 56.8
2008 70.6 56
2007 70.8 56
2006 70.8 56.3
2005 68.1 54.7
2004 69.5 59.1
2003 69.7 61.3
2002 70.4 60.7
2001 69.5 60.9
2000 65.7 62.5
1999 65.6 61.9
1998 64.3 62.8
1997 67.5 62.2
1996 69.1 60.2
1995 69.8 55

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/philippines | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Germany is 71.7, ranking 30/197, compared to 62.9 for the Philippines, ranking 85/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Germany Philippines
Services, % of GDP
64.5%
2025
64.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
27%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.87%
2025
8.59%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$5.03T
2025
$567B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$78,140
2025
$14,460
2025
Total reserves including gold
$572B
2025
$111B
2025
Total reserves ranking
7/177
2025
28/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$12.9B
2025
-$6.19B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$62.6B
2024
$9.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$87B
2024
$2.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.45%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
15.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
22.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/philippines | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.