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Economy of Bangladesh vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Bangladesh has a GDP of $456B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 38/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bangladesh has $192B in government debt (42% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Bangladesh vs Norway GDP by year

Bangladesh
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bangladesh Norway
2025 $456,319,229,256 $530,755,719,439
2024 $450,119,432,069 $500,886,328,034
2023 $437,415,333,018 $502,197,633,323
2022 $460,131,689,083 $617,321,834,099
2021 $416,271,647,911 $521,592,200,233
2020 $373,979,442,362 $382,252,517,922
2019 $351,231,654,604 $424,244,886,364
2018 $321,362,752,442 $454,588,871,811
2017 $293,732,446,625 $415,673,181,543
2016 $265,224,515,675 $383,284,047,619
2015 $195,146,608,978 $400,669,174,331
2014 $172,886,611,654 $515,829,568,897
2013 $149,998,957,434 $540,132,255,319
2012 $133,310,747,603 $525,082,939,407
2011 $128,607,482,310 $512,868,581,628
2010 $115,275,540,051 $440,132,138,425
2009 $102,475,158,191 $395,664,488,017
2008 $91,636,997,371 $472,060,283,688
2007 $79,611,644,975 $407,813,774,161
2006 $71,795,736,172 $349,773,283,645
2005 $69,476,001,239 $311,417,306,946
2004 $65,108,544,250 $265,662,977,688
2003 $60,158,929,188 $229,192,678,173
2002 $54,724,081,491 $195,359,978,957
2001 $53,991,289,844 $173,590,978,347
2000 $53,369,787,319 $170,620,327,660
1999 $51,270,569,884 $161,304,620,987
1998 $49,984,559,471 $152,955,958,172
1997 $48,244,309,133 $160,013,571,974
1996 $46,438,484,108 $162,427,517,132
1995 $37,939,748,769 $151,083,627,983
1994 $33,768,660,883 $126,324,387,894
1993 $33,166,519,418 $119,841,699,440
1992 $31,708,874,594 $129,998,873,602
1991 $30,957,483,950 $121,149,331,318
1990 $31,598,340,778 $119,344,377,526
1989 $28,781,715,189 $102,226,808,603
1988 $26,579,005,558 $101,497,621,605
1987 $24,298,032,258 $93,913,320,965
1986 $21,774,033,333 $78,438,205,742
1985 $22,278,423,077 $65,211,464,198
1984 $18,920,840,000 $61,866,078,539
1983 $17,609,048,822 $61,417,685,434
1982 $18,525,399,202 $62,453,362,256
1981 $20,249,694,002 $63,392,804,251
1980 $18,138,049,096 $64,176,789,764
1979 $15,565,480,322 $52,935,763,512
1978 $13,281,767,143 $46,355,988,784
1977 $9,651,149,302 $41,362,637,363
1976 $10,117,113,333 $35,815,449,464
1975 $19,448,348,073 $32,742,543,381
1974 $12,512,460,520 $27,033,413,362
1973 $8,086,725,729 $22,433,660,550
1972 $6,288,245,867 $17,283,931,878
1971 $8,751,843,188 $14,523,306,736
1970 $8,992,722,167 $12,753,503,479
1969 $8,471,006,438 $11,083,505,596
1968 $7,483,685,771 $10,178,705,992
1967 $7,253,575,688 $9,532,076,026
1966 $6,439,687,854 $8,712,528,095
1965 $5,906,636,792 $8,073,570,566
1964 $5,386,054,833 $7,172,430,304
1963 $5,319,458,563 $6,522,268,053
1962 $5,081,413,542 $6,078,186,245
1961 $4,817,580,375 $5,642,867,672
1960 $4,274,894,083 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bangladesh vs Norway by year

Bangladesh
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bangladesh Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,597 - $94,594 -
2024 $2,593 $9,647 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $2,551 $9,148 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $2,716 $8,451 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $2,483 $7,441 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $2,249 $6,641 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $2,130 $6,047 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $1,965 $5,490 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $1,811 $4,883 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $1,649 $4,579 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $1,224 $4,212 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $1,094 $3,973 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $958 $3,691 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $860 $3,434 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $837 $3,051 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $757 $2,834 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $679 $2,675 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $613 $2,555 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $538 $2,388 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $490 $2,195 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $480 $2,020 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $456 $1,862 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $427 $1,746 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $394 $1,659 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $395 $1,598 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $397 $1,512 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $388 $1,430 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $386 $1,373 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $379 $1,315 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $372 $1,261 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $309 $1,206 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $280.6 $1,145 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $280.8 $1,099 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $273.5 $1,045 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $272.1 $987 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $283.1 $941 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $263 - $24,185 -
1988 $247.9 - $24,112 -
1987 $231.5 - $22,430 -
1986 $212.1 - $18,822 -
1985 $222.2 - $15,704 -
1984 $193.4 - $14,943 -
1983 $184.7 - $14,877 -
1982 $199.6 - $15,178 -
1981 $224.2 - $15,463 -
1980 $206.1 - $15,708 -
1979 $181.1 - $12,998 -
1978 $158.3 - $11,421 -
1977 $117.9 - $10,230 -
1976 $126.7 - $8,896 -
1975 $249.8 - $8,171 -
1974 $165 - $6,783 -
1973 $109.7 - $5,664 -
1972 $87.8 - $4,395 -
1971 $124.5 - $3,721 -
1970 $130.2 - $3,291 -
1969 $125.9 - $2,881 -
1968 $114.4 - $2,667 -
1967 $114.2 - $2,519 -
1966 $104.4 - $2,321 -
1965 $98.6 - $2,168 -
1964 $92.6 - $1,941 -
1963 $94.1 - $1,779 -
1962 $92.6 - $1,670 -
1961 $90.4 - $1,563 -
1960 $82.5 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/norway | CC BY

Bangladesh's GDP per capita is $2,597, ranking 151/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bangladesh ranks 135th at $9,647, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Bangladesh Norway
Gross domestic product
$456B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
38/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
3.49%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,597
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
151/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$9,647
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
135/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$192B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,092
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
143/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,829
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$26.2B
2025
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2022
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2022
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
10.9%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
10%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
10%
2024
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
3.64%
2024
4.5%
2025
Population
178936470
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bangladesh
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bangladesh Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 10.9% 42% 49.6% 45%
2024 12% 41% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 12.6% 39.7% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 13% 37.9% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 12.9% 35.6% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 13.3% 34.5% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 13.6% 32% 48.4% 39%
2018 13% 29.6% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 12.2% 28.3% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 11.6% 27.7% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 11.5% 28.2% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 11.7% 28.7% 44% 28.8%
2013 12.1% 28.3% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 11.7% 29.1% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 11.5% 29.4% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 10.6% 29.6% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 10.6% 33% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 11.5% 33.9% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 9.63% 35% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 10.1% 35.3% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 10.3% 35.6% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 9.88% 36.6% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 10.2% 37% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 10.4% 38.9% 46.3% 34%
2001 10.7% 37.1% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 9.76% 31.2% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 8.66% 32.7% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 9.82% 31.1% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 9.89% 29.1% 45.9% 26%
1996 9.79% 31% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 10.5% 32.9% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 10% 35.5% 49.7% 51%
1993 9.74% 34.1% 50.5% 54%
1992 8.8% 33.1% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 8.86% 31.8% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 9.14% 31.5% 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2002, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Bangladesh's government spending was $49.6B, accounting for 10.9% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42% in Bangladesh and 45% in Norway, ranking 124/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bangladesh

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bangladesh Norway
2025 -2.93% 9.34%
2024 -3.7% 12.8%
2023 -4.39% 15.9%
2022 -4.53% 24.7%
2021 -3.56% 9.93%
2020 -4.84% -2.46%
2019 -5.41% 6.28%
2018 -4.07% 7.56%
2017 -4.17% 4.79%
2016 -3.16% 3.91%
2015 -3.29% 5.8%
2014 -2.62% 8.34%
2013 -2.86% 10.3%
2012 -2.56% 13.4%
2011 -2.96% 13%
2010 -2.23% 10.6%
2009 -2.68% 10%
2008 -3.36% 18.3%
2007 -1.86% 16.8%
2006 -2.15% 17.7%
2005 -2.4% 14.7%
2004 -2.21% 10.8%
2003 -1.96% 7.21%
2002 -2.3% 9.05%
2001 -3.44% 13.2%
2000 -2.5% 15.1%
1999 -1.35% 5.75%
1998 -2.2% 3.09%
1997 -1.94% 7.41%
1996 -2.01% 6.05%
1995 -0.38% 2.98%
1994 0.03% 0.04%
1993 0.43% -1.65%
1992 0.36% -2.08%
1991 0.44% -0.12%
1990 -0.15% 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Bangladesh's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.4B, equivalent to 2.93% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Bangladesh recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Bangladesh posted an annual deficit equal to 2.47% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.62% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bangladesh

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bangladesh Norway
2025 10% 3.06%
2024 9.7% 3.15%
2023 9% 5.52%
2022 6.1% 5.76%
2021 5.6% 3.48%
2020 5.6% 1.29%
2019 5.5% 2.17%
2018 5.8% 2.76%
2017 5.4% 1.88%
2016 5.9% 3.55%
2015 6.4% 2.17%
2014 7.3% 2.04%
2013 6.8% 2.12%
2012 8.9% 0.7%
2011 8.8% 1.28%
2010 7.3% 2.42%
2009 6.7% 2.2%
2008 9.9% 3.75%
2007 7.2% 0.71%
2006 7.2% 2.33%
2005 6.5% 1.53%
2004 8.1% 0.45%
2003 3.9% 2.49%
2002 2.4% 1.29%
2001 1.8% 3%
2000 3.6% 3.09%
1999 8.9% 2.37%
1998 6.7% 2.25%
1997 2.7% 2.57%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Bangladesh has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.54%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 10% in Bangladesh and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Bangladesh
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $101M
Wood & paper products $451K
Chemicals & pharma $5K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Machinery & equipment $3K
Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.46M
Chemicals & pharma $1.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.28M
Miscellaneous $783K
Raw materials & minerals $510K
Textiles & consumer goods $244K
Metals $167K
Precious metals & jewellery $67K
Animal & marine products $12K
Wood & paper products $9K

Balance of trade

Bangladesh Norway
Current account balance
-$239M
2025
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
93/190
2025
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.05%
2025
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$66B
2025
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$43.8B
2025
$177B
2025
Service imports
$14.7B
2025
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$8.42B
2025
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
11.1%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bangladesh Norway
Economic freedom 54.8 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 131/197 9/197
Property rights 32.1 99.6
Government integrity 22.7 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 36.7 96.4
Tax burden 79.9 63.3
Government spending 95.3 42
Fiscal health 68.4 96.4
Business freedom 52.7 91.2
Labor freedom 50.5 69.3
Monetary freedom 65.8 72.4
Trade freedom 63 85.6
Investment freedom 50 75
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bangladesh
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bangladesh Norway
2026 54.8 78.8
2025 54.7 78.3
2024 54.4 77.5
2023 54.4 76.9
2022 52.7 76.9
2021 56.5 73.4
2020 56.4 73.4
2019 55.6 73
2018 55.1 74.3
2017 55 74
2016 53.3 70.8
2015 53.9 71.8
2014 54.1 70.9
2013 52.6 70.5
2012 53.2 68.8
2011 53 70.3
2010 51.1 69.4
2009 47.5 70.2
2008 44.2 68.6
2007 46.7 67.9
2006 52.9 67.9
2005 47.5 64.5
2004 50 66.2
2003 49.3 67.2
2002 51.9 67.4
2001 51.2 67.1
2000 48.9 70.1
1999 50 68.6
1998 52 68
1997 49.9 65.1
1996 51.1 65.4
1995 40.9 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bangladesh is 54.8, ranking 131/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bangladesh Norway
Services, % of GDP
52.1%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
11.4%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$499B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$10,710
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$28.6B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
58/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.84B
2025
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.28B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$34.1M
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.83%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.7%
2022
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bangladesh/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–2002, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.