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Economy of Indonesia vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Indonesia has a GDP of $1.45T compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 17/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Indonesia has $593B in government debt (41% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Indonesia vs Norway GDP by year

Indonesia
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Indonesia Norway
2025 $1,445,642,584,164 $530,755,719,439
2024 $1,396,301,788,462 $500,886,328,034
2023 $1,371,166,925,750 $502,197,633,323
2022 $1,319,101,183,380 $617,321,834,099
2021 $1,186,509,691,087 $521,592,200,233
2020 $1,059,054,842,698 $382,252,517,922
2019 $1,119,099,871,350 $424,244,886,364
2018 $1,042,271,532,989 $454,588,871,811
2017 $1,015,618,744,160 $415,673,181,543
2016 $931,877,364,038 $383,284,047,619
2015 $860,854,232,686 $400,669,174,331
2014 $890,814,755,534 $515,829,568,897
2013 $912,524,136,718 $540,132,255,319
2012 $917,869,913,333 $525,082,939,407
2011 $892,969,104,563 $512,868,581,628
2010 $755,094,157,622 $440,132,138,425
2009 $539,580,085,612 $395,664,488,017
2008 $510,228,634,992 $472,060,283,688
2007 $432,216,737,775 $407,813,774,161
2006 $364,570,515,618 $349,773,283,645
2005 $285,868,619,196 $311,417,306,946
2004 $256,836,875,295 $265,662,977,688
2003 $234,772,463,824 $229,192,678,173
2002 $195,660,611,165 $195,359,978,957
2001 $160,446,947,785 $173,590,978,347
2000 $165,021,012,078 $170,620,327,660
1999 $140,001,351,215 $161,304,620,987
1998 $95,445,547,873 $152,955,958,172
1997 $215,748,998,610 $160,013,571,974
1996 $227,369,679,375 $162,427,517,132
1995 $202,132,028,723 $151,083,627,983
1994 $176,892,143,932 $126,324,387,894
1993 $158,006,700,302 $119,841,699,440
1992 $128,026,966,580 $129,998,873,602
1991 $116,621,996,217 $121,149,331,318
1990 $106,140,727,334 $119,344,377,526
1989 $94,451,427,877 $102,226,808,603
1988 $84,300,174,486 $101,497,621,605
1987 $75,929,617,558 $93,913,320,965
1986 $79,954,072,545 $78,438,205,742
1985 $85,289,488,375 $65,211,464,198
1984 $84,853,700,028 $61,866,078,539
1983 $81,052,283,384 $61,417,685,434
1982 $90,158,449,295 $62,453,362,256
1981 $85,518,233,419 $63,392,804,251
1980 $72,482,337,397 $64,176,789,764
1979 $51,400,186,343 $52,935,763,512
1978 $51,455,719,076 $46,355,988,784
1977 $45,808,915,663 $41,362,637,363
1976 $37,269,156,627 $35,815,449,464
1975 $30,463,855,422 $32,742,543,381
1974 $25,802,409,639 $27,033,413,362
1973 $16,273,253,012 $22,433,660,550
1972 $10,997,590,361 $17,283,931,878
1971 $9,333,536,370 $14,523,306,736
1970 $9,150,684,932 $12,753,503,479
1969 $8,337,423,313 $11,083,505,596
1968 $7,076,465,300 $10,178,705,992
1967 $5,667,756,628 $9,532,076,026
1966 - $8,712,528,095
1965 - $8,073,570,566
1964 - $7,172,430,304
1963 - $6,522,268,053
1962 - $6,078,186,245
1961 - $5,642,867,672
1960 - $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/indonesia/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Indonesia vs Norway by year

Indonesia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Indonesia Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,060 - $94,594 -
2024 $4,925 $16,448 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $4,876 $15,416 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $4,731 $14,285 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $4,287 $12,757 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $3,854 $11,729 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $4,107 $11,986 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $3,861 $11,372 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $3,799 $10,688 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $3,521 $10,263 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $3,288 $10,028 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $3,441 $10,065 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $3,567 $9,866 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $3,632 $9,530 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $3,579 $8,937 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $3,066 $8,353 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $2,218 $7,868 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $2,125 $7,569 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $1,823 $7,096 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $1,558 $6,583 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $1,238 $6,134 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $1,127 $5,700 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $1,043 $5,353 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $881 $5,076 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $732 $4,849 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $764 $4,639 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $657 $4,386 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $455 $4,356 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $1,045 $5,037 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $1,119 $4,807 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $1,011 $4,451 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $900 $4,096 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $817 $3,793 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $674 $3,538 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $624 $3,305 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $578 $3,044 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $524 - $24,185 -
1988 $477 - $24,112 -
1987 $438 - $22,430 -
1986 $470 - $18,822 -
1985 $511 - $15,704 -
1984 $520 - $14,943 -
1983 $508 - $14,877 -
1982 $578 - $15,178 -
1981 $561 - $15,463 -
1980 $487 - $15,708 -
1979 $353 - $12,998 -
1978 $362 - $11,421 -
1977 $331 - $10,230 -
1976 $275.7 - $8,896 -
1975 $231.1 - $8,171 -
1974 $200.7 - $6,783 -
1973 $129.9 - $5,664 -
1972 $90.1 - $4,395 -
1971 $78.5 - $3,721 -
1970 $79.1 - $3,291 -
1969 $74.1 - $2,881 -
1968 $64.7 - $2,667 -
1967 $53.2 - $2,519 -
1966 - - $2,321 -
1965 - - $2,168 -
1964 - - $1,941 -
1963 - - $1,779 -
1962 - - $1,670 -
1961 - - $1,563 -
1960 - - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/indonesia/norway | CC BY

Indonesia's GDP per capita is $5,060, ranking 123/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Indonesia ranks 107th at $16,448, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Indonesia Norway
Gross domestic product
$1.45T
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
17/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
5.11%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,060
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
123/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$16,448
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
107/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$593B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
41%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,076
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
119/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,470
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$950B
2025
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires
178,605
2024
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
33
2026
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
28.7%
2025
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2025
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
16.2%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.91%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2026
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
3.31%
2023
4.5%
2025
Population
289027659
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Indonesia
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Indonesia Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 16.2% 41% 49.6% 45%
2024 16.9% 40.2% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 16.6% 39.6% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 17.3% 40.1% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 18.1% 41.1% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 18.4% 39.7% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 16.4% 30.6% 48.4% 39%
2018 16.6% 30.4% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 16.4% 29.4% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 16.9% 28% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 17.6% 27% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 18.4% 24.6% 44% 28.8%
2013 18.8% 24.9% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 18.8% 23% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 17.7% 23.1% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 16.9% 26.4% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 17% 26.5% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 19.4% 30.3% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 18.7% 38.1% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 18.4% 35.8% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 17.4% 42.6% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 17.8% 51.3% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 18.2% 55.6% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 16.9% 62.3% 46.3% 34%
2001 19.5% 73.7% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 15.3% 87.4% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 15.1% 95.9% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 15.1% 72.5% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 15.2% 26.4% 45.9% 26%
1996 11.5% 27.5% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 11.9% 32% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 13.5% 37% 49.7% 51%
1993 14.1% 40.4% 50.5% 54%
1992 16.8% 42.6% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 15% 39.2% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 15.8% 40.8% 49.1% 29.1%
1989 16.5% 42.5% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 17.3% 45.6% 52.6% 30.5%
1987 18% 49.7% 50.5% 31.3%
1986 20.9% 38.3% 48.1% 37.8%
1985 18.5% 28% 44% 30.2%
1984 16.1% 23.5% 44.5% 27.8%
1983 18.2% 23.1% 46.4% 27.4%
1982 18.8% 18.6% 46.6% 29.7%
1981 24.4% 16.4% 46.1% 32.9%
1980 22.1% 17.3% 46.1% 36.8%
1979 20.9% 22% 47.2% 39.6%
1978 20.1% 30.3% 47.9% 49.9%
1977 19.5% 27.7% 46.5% 43.8%
1976 21.8% 38.1% 45.2% 38.5%
1975 20.5% 36.7% 43.5% 36.7%
1974 17.3% 34.4% 42.2% 35.4%
1973 16.3% 43.1% 42.3% 37.7%
1972 15.7% 51.2% 42.2% 38.9%
1971 14.5% 50.5% 40.7% 38.5%
1970 13.8% 46.7% 38.9% 38.6%
1969 12.8% - 38% 22.3%
1968 8.82% - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 10.4% - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 9.18% - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 10.7% - 32.9% 23%
1964 9.55% - 32% 24.2%
1963 10.3% - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 7.89% - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 15.1% - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 14.4% - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/indonesia/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Indonesia's government spending was $234B, accounting for 16.2% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 41% in Indonesia and 45% in Norway, ranking 130/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Indonesia

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Indonesia Norway
2025 -2.92% 9.34%
2024 -2.28% 12.8%
2023 -1.64% 15.9%
2022 -2.31% 24.7%
2021 -4.4% 9.93%
2020 -6.07% -2.46%
2019 -2.09% 6.28%
2018 -1.69% 7.56%
2017 -2.26% 4.79%
2016 -2.56% 3.91%
2015 -2.72% 5.8%
2014 -1.8% 8.34%
2013 -1.96% 10.3%
2012 -1.59% 13.4%
2011 -0.7% 13%
2010 -1.24% 10.6%
2009 -1.64% 10%
2008 0.05% 18.3%
2007 -0.95% 16.8%
2006 0.45% 17.7%
2005 0.46% 14.7%
2004 -0.26% 10.8%
2003 -1.08% 7.21%
2002 -0.58% 9.05%
2001 -1.76% 13.2%
2000 -1.87% 15.1%
1999 -0.96% 5.75%
1998 -1.89% 3.09%
1997 -1.03% 7.41%
1996 0.96% 6.05%
1995 0.64% 2.98%
1994 0.005% 0.04%
1993 -0.59% -1.65%
1992 -1.54% -2.08%
1991 0.51% -0.12%
1990 0.97% 1.96%
1989 -1.72% 1.81%
1988 -2.68% 2.65%
1987 -0.9% 4.56%
1986 -2.94% 5.87%
1985 -0.45% 9.84%
1984 1.83% 6.97%
1983 -1% 6.03%
1982 -1.11% 3.96%
1981 -0.69% 4.82%
1980 -0.82% 5.38%
1979 -0.67% 2.16%
1978 -2.03% 0.94%
1977 -0.38% 1.01%
1976 -2.63% 2.2%
1975 -2.33% 2.88%
1974 -0.35% 4.06%
1973 -1.33% 4.99%
1972 -1.82% 3.93%
1971 -2.51% 3.71%
1970 -3.02% 2.83%
1969 -2.8% 3.57%
1968 0% 3.38%
1967 -0.35% 4.19%
1966 -5.06% 3.59%
1965 -6.62% 2.78%
1964 -5.58% 3.08%
1963 -5.24% 2.6%
1962 -3.1% 4%
1961 -4.57% -0.7%
1960 -1.65% 1.42%
1959 -4.06% 1.89%
1958 -6.67% 1.7%
1957 -2.92% 1.55%
1956 -1.38% 1.22%
1955 -1.6% 0.82%
1954 -3.16% -0.54%
1953 -2.33% 1.3%
1952 -3.66% 2.15%
1951 1.52% 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/indonesia/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Indonesia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $42.2B, equivalent to 2.92% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 59 years, Indonesia recorded a fiscal deficit in 49 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Indonesia posted an annual deficit equal to 1.34% of GDP, compared to surplus of 6.82% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Indonesia

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Indonesia Norway
2025 1.91% 3.06%
2024 2.18% 3.15%
2023 3.67% 5.52%
2022 4.21% 5.76%
2021 1.56% 3.48%
2020 1.92% 1.29%
2019 3.03% 2.17%
2018 3.2% 2.76%
2017 3.81% 1.88%
2016 3.53% 3.55%
2015 6.36% 2.17%
2014 6.39% 2.04%
2013 6.41% 2.12%
2012 4.28% 0.7%
2011 5.36% 1.28%
2010 5.13% 2.42%
2009 4.39% 2.2%
2008 10.2% 3.75%
2007 6.41% 0.71%
2006 13.1% 2.33%
2005 10.5% 1.53%
2004 6.06% 0.45%
2003 6.76% 2.49%
2002 11.9% 1.29%
2001 11.5% 3%
2000 3.69% 3.09%
1999 20.5% 2.37%
1998 58.5% 2.25%
1997 6.23% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/indonesia/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Indonesia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 8.02%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 1.91% in Indonesia and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Indonesia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $102M
Textiles & consumer goods $11.6M
Wood & paper products $6.67M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.83M
Raw agricultural goods $1.33M
Chemicals & pharma $1.3M
Raw materials & minerals $1.15M
Metals $951K
Precious metals & jewellery $372K
Miscellaneous $209K
Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $99.2M
Animal & marine products $55.8M
Miscellaneous $45.2M
Chemicals & pharma $23.6M
Raw materials & minerals $19.6M
Metals $2.48M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.01M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.82M
Wood & paper products $1.24M
Precious metals & jewellery $339K

Balance of trade

Indonesia Norway
Current account balance
-$1.52B
2025
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
129/190
2025
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.11%
2025
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$231B
2025
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$280B
2025
$177B
2025
Service imports
$63B
2025
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$42.5B
2025
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.5%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.8%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Indonesia Norway
Economic freedom 65.1 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 67/197 9/197
Property rights 39.7 99.6
Government integrity 42 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 43.1 96.4
Tax burden 81.5 63.3
Government spending 91.4 42
Fiscal health 89.8 96.4
Business freedom 69.2 91.2
Labor freedom 56.8 69.3
Monetary freedom 79.4 72.4
Trade freedom 78.6 85.6
Investment freedom 50 75
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Indonesia
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Indonesia Norway
2026 65.1 78.8
2025 65.2 78.3
2024 63.5 77.5
2023 63.5 76.9
2022 64.4 76.9
2021 66.9 73.4
2020 67.2 73.4
2019 65.8 73
2018 64.2 74.3
2017 61.9 74
2016 59.4 70.8
2015 58.1 71.8
2014 58.5 70.9
2013 56.9 70.5
2012 56.4 68.8
2011 56 70.3
2010 55.5 69.4
2009 53.4 70.2
2008 53.2 68.6
2007 53.2 67.9
2006 51.9 67.9
2005 52.9 64.5
2004 52.1 66.2
2003 55.8 67.2
2002 54.8 67.4
2001 52.5 67.1
2000 55.2 70.1
1999 61.5 68.6
1998 63.4 68
1997 62 65.1
1996 61 65.4
1995 54.9 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/indonesia/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Indonesia is 65.1, ranking 67/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Indonesia Norway
Services, % of GDP
43.9%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
38.7%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
13.1%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$1.46T
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$17,190
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$157B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
22/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$14.4B
2025
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$24.3B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$8.39B
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.64%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
9%
2024
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
30.6%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.