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Economy of Israel vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Israel has a GDP of $611B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 27/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Israel has $418B in government debt (68.5% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Israel vs Norway GDP by year

Israel
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Israel Norway
2025 $610,777,842,874 $530,755,719,439
2024 $542,284,494,491 $500,886,328,034
2023 $513,393,395,492 $502,197,633,323
2022 $525,157,951,213 $617,321,834,099
2021 $489,735,019,666 $521,592,200,233
2020 $410,908,899,711 $382,252,517,922
2019 $399,207,771,082 $424,244,886,364
2018 $375,470,422,244 $454,588,871,811
2017 $357,360,816,857 $415,673,181,543
2016 $321,083,954,798 $383,284,047,619
2015 $302,841,190,258 $400,669,174,331
2014 $314,376,760,832 $515,829,568,897
2013 $298,045,324,736 $540,132,255,319
2012 $263,172,104,091 $525,082,939,407
2011 $267,739,352,609 $512,868,581,628
2010 $239,372,857,534 $440,132,138,425
2009 $213,112,649,594 $395,664,488,017
2008 $220,952,472,408 $472,060,283,688
2007 $184,448,882,452 $407,813,774,161
2006 $158,706,516,002 $349,773,283,645
2005 $147,346,035,831 $311,417,306,946
2004 $139,925,423,025 $265,662,977,688
2003 $131,278,887,815 $229,192,678,173
2002 $125,215,963,105 $195,359,978,957
2001 $134,889,159,474 $173,590,978,347
2000 $136,409,902,632 $170,620,327,660
1999 $121,329,240,042 $161,304,620,987
1998 $120,468,659,246 $152,955,958,172
1997 $119,389,303,067 $160,013,571,974
1996 $115,051,957,577 $162,427,517,132
1995 $105,432,315,611 $151,083,627,983
1994 $90,684,108,118 $126,324,387,894
1993 $79,806,598,120 $119,841,699,440
1992 $79,408,652,426 $129,998,873,602
1991 $70,954,941,681 $121,149,331,318
1990 $61,978,459,022 $119,344,377,526
1989 $52,411,116,588 $102,226,808,603
1988 $52,618,458,014 $101,497,621,605
1987 $43,022,977,765 $93,913,320,965
1986 $35,812,041,620 $78,438,205,742
1985 $28,887,898,639 $65,211,464,198
1984 $30,626,695,891 $61,866,078,539
1983 $32,655,591,256 $61,417,685,434
1982 $29,237,231,967 $62,453,362,256
1981 $26,865,420,933 $63,392,804,251
1980 $25,379,585,067 $64,176,789,764
1979 $22,595,788,591 $52,935,763,512
1978 $17,690,363,444 $46,355,988,784
1977 $18,245,847,441 $41,362,637,363
1976 $15,946,502,888 $35,815,449,464
1975 $16,131,806,290 $32,742,543,381
1974 $17,162,009,924 $27,033,413,362
1973 $11,895,229,181 $22,433,660,550
1972 $9,216,866,299 $17,283,931,878
1971 $7,048,191,876 $14,523,306,736
1970 $7,402,142,195 $12,753,503,479
1969 $6,293,966,357 $11,083,505,596
1968 $5,455,059,532 $10,178,705,992
1967 $4,759,447,914 $9,532,076,026
1966 $4,700,397,692 $8,712,528,095
1965 $4,326,412,951 $8,073,570,566
1964 $4,021,861,430 $7,172,430,304
1963 $3,533,767,055 $6,522,268,053
1962 $2,964,323,618 $6,078,186,245
1961 $3,706,297,903 $5,642,867,672
1960 $3,068,690,949 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Israel vs Norway by year

Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Israel Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,337 - $94,594 -
2024 $54,217 $57,236 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $52,126 $55,171 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $54,947 $53,619 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $52,258 $46,162 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $44,591 $40,955 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $44,092 $41,325 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $42,269 $40,190 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $41,013 $39,471 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $37,571 $38,189 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $36,138 $35,871 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $38,265 $34,816 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $36,981 $34,827 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $33,269 $32,484 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $34,477 $31,314 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $31,399 $29,456 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $28,470 $28,087 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $30,231 $28,084 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $25,689 $28,307 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $22,500 $26,385 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $21,262 $25,701 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $20,550 $26,078 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $19,624 $24,702 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $19,059 $26,101 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $20,949 $25,806 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $21,690 $25,766 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $19,809 $23,415 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $20,176 $22,927 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $20,457 $22,279 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $20,213 $21,672 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $19,014 $20,642 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $16,796 $19,478 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $15,169 $18,218 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $15,500 $17,553 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $14,337 $16,486 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $13,300 $15,721 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $11,601 - $24,185 -
1988 $11,846 - $24,112 -
1987 $9,847 - $22,430 -
1986 $8,330 - $18,822 -
1985 $6,824 - $15,704 -
1984 $7,364 - $14,943 -
1983 $7,955 - $14,877 -
1982 $7,253 - $15,178 -
1981 $6,791 - $15,463 -
1980 $6,545 - $15,708 -
1979 $5,968 - $12,998 -
1978 $4,794 - $11,421 -
1977 $5,050 - $10,230 -
1976 $4,514 - $8,896 -
1975 $4,669 - $8,171 -
1974 $5,082 - $6,783 -
1973 $3,629 - $5,664 -
1972 $2,928 - $4,395 -
1971 $2,297 - $3,721 -
1970 $2,489 - $3,291 -
1969 $2,188 - $2,881 -
1968 $1,946 - $2,667 -
1967 $1,734 - $2,519 -
1966 $1,788 - $2,321 -
1965 $1,688 - $2,168 -
1964 $1,625 - $1,941 -
1963 $1,485 - $1,779 -
1962 $1,293 - $1,670 -
1961 $1,696 - $1,563 -
1960 $1,452 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/norway | CC BY

Israel's GDP per capita is $60,337, ranking 19/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Israel ranks 36th at $57,236, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Israel Norway
Gross domestic product
$611B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
27/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,337
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
19/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,236
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
36/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$418B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
68.5%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$41,338
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$48,251
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$331B
2024
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires
195,000
2026
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires
42
2026
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27%
2022
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2022
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.04%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.75%
2026
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
3%
2025
4.5%
2025
Population
10334048
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Israel
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Israel Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 43.6% 68.5% 49.6% 45%
2024 43.7% 67.7% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 39.6% 61.3% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 36.9% 60.3% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 40.1% 67.7% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 44.8% 71.1% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 38.7% 59.3% 48.4% 39%
2018 39.2% 60.1% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 38.4% 59.8% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 37.9% 61.7% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 37.6% 62.8% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 38.3% 65.8% 44% 28.8%
2013 39.7% 66% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 39.6% 66.9% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 39.3% 67.2% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 39.7% 69% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 41.4% 72.6% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 41.2% 70.2% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 40.2% 70.8% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 41.6% 77.7% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 42.3% 85.2% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 43% 88.3% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 45.4% 89.7% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 50% 87.2% 46.3% 34%
2001 46.1% 81.1% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 43.4% 77.2% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 53.6% 94.8% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 55% 101% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 52.6% 99.3% 45.9% 26%
1996 53.2% 100.3% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 52.8% 102.3% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 41.7% 110.2% 49.7% 51%
1993 42.2% 118.3% 50.5% 54%
1992 44.1% 119.6% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 34.4% 123.7% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 46.8% 138.3% 49.1% 29.1%
1989 47.5% 147.4% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 46.5% 145.4% 52.6% 30.5%
1987 52.8% 143.2% 50.5% 31.3%
1986 55.7% 162.5% 48.1% 37.8%
1985 65.2% 199% 44% 30.2%
1984 - 284% 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - 260.5% 46.4% 27.4%
1982 69.7% - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 71.8% - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 69.4% 154.3% 46.1% 36.8%
1979 70.1% 155.5% 47.2% 39.6%
1978 62.2% 133.6% 47.9% 49.9%
1977 69.1% 142% 46.5% 43.8%
1976 66.3% 97.4% 45.2% 38.5%
1975 62% 85.1% 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - 79.8% 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - 62.1% 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - 63.9% 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 41.6% - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 41.1% - 38% 22.3%
1968 39.4% - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 33.9% - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 29.6% - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 27.8% - 32.9% 23%
1964 28.2% - 32% 24.2%
1963 26.9% - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 27.7% - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 30.3% - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 30.4% - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government spending was $266B, accounting for 43.6% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 68.5% in Israel and 45% in Norway, ranking 60/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Israel

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Israel Norway
2025 -5.22% 9.34%
2024 -8.07% 12.8%
2023 -5.38% 15.9%
2022 0.3% 24.7%
2021 -3.37% 9.93%
2020 -10.6% -2.46%
2019 -3.79% 6.28%
2018 -3.58% 7.56%
2017 -1.17% 4.79%
2016 -1.78% 3.91%
2015 -1.2% 5.8%
2014 -2.28% 8.34%
2013 -4.07% 10.3%
2012 -4.46% 13.4%
2011 -3.43% 13%
2010 -3.72% 10.6%
2009 -6.53% 10%
2008 -3.49% 18.3%
2007 -0.43% 16.8%
2006 -0.94% 17.7%
2005 -2.74% 14.7%
2004 -3.4% 10.8%
2003 -5.03% 7.21%
2002 -8.21% 9.05%
2001 -4.06% 13.2%
2000 -0.8% 15.1%
1999 -6.26% 5.75%
1998 -7.99% 3.09%
1997 -4.84% 7.41%
1996 -5.97% 6.05%
1995 -4.28% 2.98%
1994 -5.62% 0.04%
1993 -5.62% -1.65%
1992 -8% -2.08%
1991 -7.04% -0.12%
1990 -9.67% 1.96%
1989 -9.03% 1.81%
1988 -7.57% 2.65%
1987 -7.47% 4.56%
1986 -7.51% 5.87%
1985 -14.2% 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 -13.8% 3.96%
1981 -23.5% 4.82%
1980 -19.6% 5.38%
1979 -16.7% 2.16%
1978 -14.7% 0.94%
1977 -20.3% 1.01%
1976 -19.4% 2.2%
1975 -19.6% 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 -16% 2.83%
1969 -15.3% 3.57%
1968 -11.7% 3.38%
1967 -7.68% 4.19%
1966 -4.35% 3.59%
1965 -2.72% 2.78%
1964 -3.65% 3.08%
1963 -4.41% 2.6%
1962 -4.09% 4%
1961 -5.86% -0.7%
1960 -6.62% 1.42%
1959 -7.23% 1.89%
1958 -8.31% 1.7%
1957 -7.17% 1.55%
1956 -9.3% 1.22%
1955 -4.3% 0.82%
1954 -7.84% -0.54%
1953 -8.32% 1.3%
1952 -7.19% 2.15%
1951 -8.13% 1.59%
1950 -10.7% -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $31.9B, equivalent to 5.22% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Israel recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 5 years. On average, Israel posted an annual deficit equal to 7.31% of GDP, compared to surplus of 6.35% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Israel

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Israel Norway
2025 3.04% 3.06%
2024 3.07% 3.15%
2023 4.23% 5.52%
2022 4.41% 5.76%
2021 1.48% 3.48%
2020 -0.58% 1.29%
2019 0.82% 2.17%
2018 0.81% 2.76%
2017 0.25% 1.88%
2016 -0.54% 3.55%
2015 -0.62% 2.17%
2014 0.47% 2.04%
2013 1.59% 2.12%
2012 1.68% 0.7%
2011 3.49% 1.28%
2010 2.7% 2.42%
2009 3.37% 2.2%
2008 4.53% 3.75%
2007 0.47% 0.71%
2006 2.05% 2.33%
2005 1.34% 1.53%
2004 -0.42% 0.45%
2003 0.71% 2.49%
2002 5.8% 1.29%
2001 1.12% 3%
2000 1.03% 3.09%
1999 5.19% 2.37%
1998 5.49% 2.25%
1997 8.95% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Israel has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.27%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 3.04% in Israel and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Israel
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $20.7M
Raw materials & minerals $9.59M
Chemicals & pharma $6.37M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.88M
Metals $2.86M
Raw agricultural goods $2.43M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.39M
Animal & marine products $1.04M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $449K
Miscellaneous $293K
Norway
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $186M
Machinery & equipment $9.24M
Miscellaneous $7.96M
Wood & paper products $4.03M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.66M
Chemicals & pharma $1.63M
Metals $1.01M
Textiles & consumer goods $406K
Raw materials & minerals $109K
Precious metals & jewellery $24K

Balance of trade

Israel Norway
Current account balance
$8.53B
2025
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
26/190
2025
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.4%
2025
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$102B
2025
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$76.2B
2025
$177B
2025
Service imports
$53.2B
2025
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$92.4B
2025
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.6%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Israel Norway
Economic freedom 68.4 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 47/197 9/197
Property rights 73.1 99.6
Government integrity 66.2 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 68.1 96.4
Tax burden 60.2 63.3
Government spending 52 42
Fiscal health 60.8 96.4
Business freedom 72.4 91.2
Labor freedom 56.8 69.3
Monetary freedom 78.2 72.4
Trade freedom 82.8 85.6
Investment freedom 70 75
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Israel
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Israel Norway
2026 68.4 78.8
2025 69.9 78.3
2024 70.1 77.5
2023 68.9 76.9
2022 68 76.9
2021 73.8 73.4
2020 74 73.4
2019 72.8 73
2018 72.2 74.3
2017 69.7 74
2016 70.7 70.8
2015 70.5 71.8
2014 68.4 70.9
2013 66.9 70.5
2012 67.8 68.8
2011 68.5 70.3
2010 67.7 69.4
2009 67.6 70.2
2008 66.3 68.6
2007 64.8 67.9
2006 64.4 67.9
2005 62.6 64.5
2004 61.4 66.2
2003 62.7 67.2
2002 66.9 67.4
2001 66.1 67.1
2000 65.5 70.1
1999 68.3 68.6
1998 68 68
1997 62.7 65.1
1996 62 65.4
1995 61.5 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Israel is 68.4, ranking 47/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Israel Norway
Services, % of GDP
72.8%
2024
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.29%
2024
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$569B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,870
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$229B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
18/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.8B
2025
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$14.8B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$9.92B
2024
$5.62B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
22%
2020
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.