Skip to content

Economy of Brazil vs Philippines compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $462B for the Philippines, ranking 10/197 and 35/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $261B (56.6% of GDP) in the Philippines.

Brazil vs Philippines GDP by year

Brazil
Philippines
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Philippines
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $461,617,509,782
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $437,055,627,244
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $404,353,369,605
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $394,087,359,848
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $361,751,145,452
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $376,823,402,239
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $346,841,896,587
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $328,480,736,803
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $318,627,003,017
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $306,445,871,242
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $297,483,555,338
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $283,902,828,589
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $261,920,540,963
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $234,216,730,291
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $208,368,893,151
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $175,974,755,881
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $181,624,626,327
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $155,980,408,673
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $127,652,926,368
2005 $891,633,826,625 $107,419,977,318
2004 $669,289,321,945 $95,001,999,685
2003 $558,233,724,165 $87,039,092,974
2002 $509,795,270,685 $84,307,345,888
2001 $559,983,704,094 $78,921,234,458
2000 $655,448,188,259 $83,669,788,377
1999 $599,642,075,004 $85,640,171,045
1998 $863,711,007,325 $74,492,416,330
1997 $883,206,452,795 $94,106,317,565
1996 $850,426,433,004 $94,648,084,429
1995 $769,333,330,412 $84,644,328,727
1994 $525,369,851,354 $73,159,336,915
1993 $368,295,778,245 $62,036,529,147
1992 $328,187,960,872 $60,422,328,242
1991 $342,609,231,343 $51,784,144,943
1990 $390,725,626,003 $50,508,286,642
1989 $412,990,820,287 $48,513,773,721
1988 $307,881,930,752 $43,152,128,959
1987 $283,056,836,894 $37,791,488,666
1986 $256,480,852,471 $33,987,207,295
1985 $210,879,844,639 $34,961,486,348
1984 $188,339,974,087 $35,730,185,634
1983 $189,656,506,321 $37,759,179,895
1982 $271,314,113,768 $42,206,011,275
1981 $258,015,174,749 $40,499,388,869
1980 $237,393,489,893 $36,848,080,899
1979 $221,338,204,480 $31,218,296,292
1978 $200,278,646,124 $25,762,224,563
1977 $176,344,101,402 $22,283,109,803
1976 $153,168,949,208 $19,381,055,197
1975 $129,203,555,239 $16,875,240,684
1974 $109,794,519,728 $15,607,882,555
1973 $83,592,275,863 $11,412,449,735
1972 $58,434,858,375 $9,067,815,521
1971 $48,869,830,902 $8,375,075,630
1970 $42,327,664,794 $7,559,115,517
1969 $37,171,640,819 $9,571,800,653
1968 $33,930,457,425 $8,632,749,269
1967 $31,086,389,195 $7,724,873,935
1966 $28,283,323,733 $7,189,017,888
1965 $22,465,522,884 $6,517,349,772
1964 $20,963,733,695 $5,953,756,195
1963 $23,287,712,878 $5,505,023,238
1962 $19,231,747,852 $4,954,593,072
1961 $17,275,940,449 $8,171,194,425
1960 $17,030,465,539 $7,515,894,111

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/philippines | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Philippines by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Philippines
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Philippines
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $3,985 $11,794
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $3,804 $10,986
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $3,548 $10,131
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $3,484 $8,858
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $3,228 $8,238
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $3,401 $8,924
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $3,169 $8,358
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $3,038 $7,774
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $2,985 $7,383
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $2,910 $6,894
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $2,867 $6,689
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $2,781 $6,373
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $2,615 $6,094
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $2,384 $5,705
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $2,163 $5,489
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $1,864 $5,157
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $1,959 $5,144
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $1,713 $4,923
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $1,426 $4,579
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $1,220 $4,289
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $1,100 $4,037
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $1,027 $3,761
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $1,015 $3,580
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $970 $3,469
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $1,051 $3,366
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $1,101 $3,229
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $983 $3,160
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $1,273 $3,221
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $1,311 $3,082
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $1,200 $2,926
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $1,060 $2,800
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $919 $2,684
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $917 $2,629
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $804 $2,621
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $804 $2,608
1989 $2,819 - $792 -
1988 $2,141 - $722 -
1987 $2,006 - $650 -
1986 $1,854 - $600 -
1985 $1,556 - $633 -
1984 $1,420 - $665 -
1983 $1,461 - $723 -
1982 $2,138 - $833 -
1981 $2,080 - $821 -
1980 $1,959 - $767 -
1979 $1,870 - $667 -
1978 $1,733 - $565 -
1977 $1,562 - $502 -
1976 $1,390 - $449 -
1975 $1,201 - $401 -
1974 $1,045 - $379 -
1973 $815 - $283.2 -
1972 $583 - $230.1 -
1971 $500 - $217.4 -
1970 $444 - $200.9 -
1969 $399 - $261.1 -
1968 $374 - $242.2 -
1967 $351 - $223.1 -
1966 $328 - $213.8 -
1965 $268 - $199.8 -
1964 $257.3 - $188.2 -
1963 $294.2 - $179.5 -
1962 $250.2 - $166.7 -
1961 $231.6 - $283.8 -
1960 $235.3 - $269.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/philippines | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $3,985 in the Philippines, ranking 130/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while the Philippines ranks 127th at $11,794.

Economic indicators

Brazil Philippines
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$462B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
5.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$3,985
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
130/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$11,794
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
127/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$261B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
56.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$2,257
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
117/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$3,407
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$252B
2024
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
15
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
31.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
24.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
3.21%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
2.41%
2023
Population
213824938
117991570

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Philippines
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Philippines
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 24.9% 56.6%
2023 45.3% 84% 24.7% 56.5%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 25.9% 57.4%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 27.2% 57%
2020 46.2% 96% 25.9% 51.6%
2019 43% 87.1% 21.7% 37%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 20.9% 37.1%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 19.5% 38.1%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 19% 37.4%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 17.8% 39.7%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 16.8% 40.3%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 17.3% 43.9%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 17.7% 45.7%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 17.2% 45.4%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 18.3% 47.6%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 19.2% 49.8%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 17.9% 50%
2007 40.4% 63% 18.2% 50.2%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 18.3% 57.2%
2005 41.9% 67% 18.7% 64.7%
2004 39.7% 68% 19.4% 71.1%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 20.4% 71.4%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 20.6% 65.2%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 21% 59.5%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 20.8% 59.2%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 20.7% 54.2%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 20.3% 50.8%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 20.3% 56.9%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 19.6% 53.1%
1995 - 28% 19.1% 60.8%
1994 - 30% 19.7% 63.6%
1993 - 32.6% 17.6% 73.9%
1992 - 37.1% 18.4% 53.9%
1991 - 38.1% 18% 55.6%
1990 - 40.6% 18.8% 56.2%
1989 - 40.2% 15.7% 55.2%
1988 - 46.9% 15.9% 69%
1987 - 50.3% 15.7% 79.2%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 13.5% 77.7%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 11.3% 53.1%
1984 10% 55.8% 10.1% 45.8%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 12.2% 43.1%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 12.8% 32.9%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 13.7% 27.6%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 13.4% 24.8%
1979 9% 36.6% 11.9% 22.5%
1978 10.2% 37% 13.3% 23.1%
1977 10.4% 31% 13.3% 19.8%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 13.8% 16.8%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 15.1% 13%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 10.7% 13.4%
1973 11% 22.4% 14% 11.5%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 13.4% 14.2%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 11.2% 14.8%
1970 11.4% 17% 10.4% 16.8%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 11.5% 16.4%
1968 14.4% 15.8% 11.2% 15.7%
1967 13.5% 13.8% 10.2% 15.4%
1966 14.6% 19.6% 9.77% 14.4%
1965 14% 17.6% 9.48% 15%
1964 25.4% 22.2% 9.66% 14.2%
1963 22.8% 20.4% 10.4% 14.1%
1962 23.1% 23.7% 10.8% 15.9%
1961 12% 25.7% 9.6% 16.5%
1960 13.7% 22.3% 10.1% 16.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while the Philippines spent $115B, or 24.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 56.6% in the Philippines, ranking 38/185 and 93/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Philippines
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Philippines
2024 -6.19% -3.78%
2023 -7.71% -4.38%
2022 -3.96% -5.48%
2021 -2.63% -6.23%
2020 -11.6% -5.55%
2019 -4.86% -1.5%
2018 -6.99% -1.48%
2017 -7.97% -0.75%
2016 -7.99% -0.74%
2015 -9.28% 0.14%
2014 -6.27% 1.32%
2013 -3.42% 0.37%
2012 -2.35% -0.22%
2011 -2.74% -0.38%
2010 -3.55% -2.25%
2009 -4.23% -2.57%
2008 -2.39% 0.02%
2007 -2.66% -0.28%
2006 -4.87% -0.05%
2005 -3.36% -1.62%
2004 -2.95% -2.81%
2003 -5.4% -3.49%
2002 -4.15% -3.71%
2001 -3.47% -3.49%
2000 -3.32% -3.27%
1999 -5.17% -2.29%
1998 -7.22% -1.31%
1997 -5.6% 0.37%
1996 -5.35% 0.54%
1995 - -0.02%
1994 - -0.44%
1993 - 0.63%
1992 - -0.43%
1991 - -0.26%
1990 - -1.52%
1989 - -1.64%
1988 - -2.71%
1987 - -1.06%
1986 -1.6% -0.55%
1985 -1.3% 0.71%
1984 -0.4% 0.64%
1983 0.1% 0.1%
1982 1.4% -0.88%
1981 1% -1.09%
1980 2.5% 0.56%
1979 0.4% 1.54%
1978 -0.1% 0.05%
1977 0.1% -0.42%
1976 0.1% -0.55%
1975 0% 0.13%
1974 0.6% 5.94%
1973 0.1% 2.49%
1972 -0.1% 3.39%
1971 -0.3% -0.96%
1970 -0.4% -0.31%
1969 -0.6% -2.67%
1968 -1.6% -2.33%
1967 -2.1% -1.35%
1966 -1.3% -0.74%
1965 -2% -1.53%
1964 -8.79% -0.99%
1963 -5.78% -0.68%
1962 -6.82% -0.43%
1961 -2.93% -0.29%
1960 -3.85% -1.06%
1959 -0.18% -0.15%
1958 -0.76% -0.21%
1957 -0.29% -0.56%
1956 -0.14% -0.77%
1955 -0.62% -1.3%
1954 -0.49% -0.79%
1953 -1.26% -0.88%
1952 0.64% 0.49%
1951 0.87% 1.5%
1950 -1.58% -0.19%
1949 -1.22% -2.33%
1948 0.002% -0.65%
1947 0.25% 0.05%
1946 -1.78% -2.54%
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/philippines | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to the Philippines' deficit of $17.5B, or 3.78% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 46 of those years, while the Philippines ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.24% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.98% of GDP for the Philippines.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Philippines
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Philippines
2024 4.4% 3.21%
2023 4.6% 5.98%
2022 9.3% 5.82%
2021 8.3% 3.93%
2020 3.2% 2.39%
2019 3.7% 2.39%
2018 3.7% 5.31%
2017 3.4% 2.85%
2016 8.7% 1.25%
2015 9% 0.67%
2014 6.3% 3.6%
2013 6.2% 2.58%
2012 5.4% 3.03%
2011 6.6% 4.72%
2010 5% 3.79%
2009 4.9% 4.22%
2008 5.7% 8.26%
2007 3.6% 2.9%
2006 4.2% 5.49%
2005 6.9% 6.52%
2004 6.6% 4.83%
2003 14.7% 2.29%
2002 8.4% 2.72%
2001 6.8% 5.35%
2000 7% 3.98%
1999 4.9% 5.94%
1998 3.2% 9.23%
1997 6.9% 5.59%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/philippines | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 4.24% in the Philippines. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 3.21% in the Philippines.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $1.11B
Raw materials & minerals $527M
Raw agricultural goods $286M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $103M
Chemicals & pharma $40M
Machinery & equipment $33.5M
Weapons & explosives $9.34M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.21M
Wood & paper products $6.65M
Metals $1.04M
Philippines
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $170M
Raw agricultural goods $22.4M
Chemicals & pharma $7.29M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.36M
Raw materials & minerals $2.93M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.72M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.25M
Metals $935K
Wood & paper products $505K
Miscellaneous $84K

Balance of trade

Brazil Philippines
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$18.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
183/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-3.96%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$124B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$55.1B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$37.6B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$51.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
40.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
25.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Philippines
Economic freedom 52.4 62.9
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 85/197
Property rights 49.2 45.8
Government integrity 37.2 35.4
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 41.8
Tax burden 70.6 78.3
Government spending 39.8 81
Fiscal health 28 60.5
Business freedom 65.7 69.2
Labor freedom 57 57.8
Monetary freedom 76 72.1
Trade freedom 69 83
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Philippines
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Philippines
2026 52.4 62.9
2025 55.1 60.6
2024 53.2 59
2023 53.5 59.3
2022 53.3 61.1
2021 53.4 64.1
2020 53.7 64.5
2019 51.9 63.8
2018 51.4 65
2017 52.9 65.6
2016 56.5 63.1
2015 56.6 62.2
2014 56.9 60.1
2013 57.7 58.2
2012 57.9 57.1
2011 56.3 56.2
2010 55.6 56.3
2009 56.7 56.8
2008 56.2 56
2007 56.2 56
2006 60.9 56.3
2005 61.7 54.7
2004 62 59.1
2003 63.4 61.3
2002 61.5 60.7
2001 61.9 60.9
2000 61.1 62.5
1999 61.3 61.9
1998 52.3 62.8
1997 52.6 62.2
1996 48.1 60.2
1995 51.4 55

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/philippines | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 62.9 for the Philippines, ranking 85/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Philippines
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
63.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
27.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
9.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$518B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$13,330
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$106B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
27/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$6.57B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$9.44B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$2.87B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
3.45%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
15.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
23.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/philippines | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.