Cyprus ranked 103/197 by economy size with a GDP of $41.2B and 45/197 by GDP per capita at $30,075. Cyprus has $22.8B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 55.3%.
In 2025, Cyprus made up 0.03% of the world's economy, compared to 0.008% in 1975.
Cyprus GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $41,225,787,247 | 3.77% |
| 2024 | $37,634,551,821 | 3.94% |
| 2023 | $35,075,440,603 | 3.62% |
| 2022 | $31,218,047,044 | 8.74% |
| 2021 | $30,372,637,513 | 11.4% |
| 2020 | $25,555,082,267 | -3.22% |
| 2019 | $26,196,660,680 | 5.88% |
| 2018 | $25,754,011,492 | 6.27% |
| 2017 | $22,946,583,376 | 5.75% |
| 2016 | $21,046,452,117 | 6.57% |
| 2015 | $19,909,269,065 | 3.42% |
| 2014 | $23,225,912,183 | -1.78% |
| 2013 | $23,959,708,956 | -6.59% |
| 2012 | $25,047,433,100 | -3.45% |
| 2011 | $27,641,553,201 | 0.42% |
| 2010 | $25,799,940,416 | 2.28% |
| 2009 | $26,048,190,775 | -2.02% |
| 2008 | $27,958,384,913 | 3.65% |
| 2007 | $23,968,727,074 | 5.1% |
| 2006 | $20,072,754,987 | 4.71% |
| 2005 | $18,433,412,511 | 4.85% |
| 2004 | $17,320,551,250 | 5.03% |
| 2003 | $14,547,329,558 | 2.62% |
| 2002 | $11,420,228,846 | 3.72% |
| 2001 | $10,397,898,907 | 3.95% |
| 2000 | $9,985,847,314 | 5.97% |
| 1999 | $10,497,907,228 | 5% |
| 1998 | $10,248,618,778 | 6.11% |
| 1997 | $9,547,816,420 | 2.64% |
| 1996 | $10,011,914,680 | 1.25% |
| 1995 | $9,933,137,128 | 8.36% |
| 1994 | $7,425,703,929 | 5.9% |
| 1993 | $6,590,291,048 | 0.7% |
| 1992 | $6,912,150,456 | 9.4% |
| 1991 | $5,770,197,348 | 0.74% |
| 1990 | $5,591,130,218 | 7.4% |
| 1989 | $4,563,482,604 | 7.95% |
| 1988 | $4,278,792,597 | 8.65% |
| 1987 | $3,704,813,886 | 7.07% |
| 1986 | $3,090,734,463 | 3.7% |
| 1985 | $2,430,411,900 | 4.88% |
| 1984 | $2,278,248,953 | 8.76% |
| 1983 | $2,160,364,071 | 5.58% |
| 1982 | $2,159,242,417 | 6.02% |
| 1981 | $2,087,496,374 | 2.52% |
| 1980 | $2,154,311,277 | 5.75% |
| 1979 | $1,288,699,776 | 9.91% |
| 1978 | $964,024,364 | 7.78% |
| 1977 | $734,876,021 | 16.4% |
| 1976 | $576,090,074 | 20.3% |
| 1975 | $489,912,574 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1975–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus | CC BY 
Cyprus GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $30,075 | - |
| 2024 | $27,707 | $63,007 |
| 2023 | $26,079 | $59,875 |
| 2022 | $23,448 | $55,876 |
| 2021 | $23,057 | $47,633 |
| 2020 | $19,624 | $42,569 |
| 2019 | $20,360 | $44,394 |
| 2018 | $20,267 | $40,262 |
| 2017 | $18,295 | $37,768 |
| 2016 | $17,013 | $35,247 |
| 2015 | $16,326 | $31,380 |
| 2014 | $19,326 | $29,893 |
| 2013 | $20,238 | $30,416 |
| 2012 | $21,493 | $31,924 |
| 2011 | $24,110 | $33,406 |
| 2010 | $22,876 | $33,502 |
| 2009 | $23,480 | $33,901 |
| 2008 | $25,626 | $34,830 |
| 2007 | $22,344 | $32,888 |
| 2006 | $19,037 | $30,009 |
| 2005 | $17,790 | $27,763 |
| 2004 | $17,016 | $25,942 |
| 2003 | $14,553 | $24,278 |
| 2002 | $11,636 | $23,556 |
| 2001 | $10,785 | $22,866 |
| 2000 | $10,537 | $21,296 |
| 1999 | $11,273 | $19,663 |
| 1998 | $11,206 | $18,760 |
| 1997 | $10,637 | $17,781 |
| 1996 | $11,373 | $17,320 |
| 1995 | $11,514 | $17,096 |
| 1994 | $8,791 | $15,735 |
| 1993 | $7,978 | $14,852 |
| 1992 | $8,530 | $14,759 |
| 1991 | $7,222 | $13,546 |
| 1990 | $7,092 | $13,348 |
| 1989 | $5,870 | - |
| 1988 | $5,584 | - |
| 1987 | $4,908 | - |
| 1986 | $4,159 | - |
| 1985 | $3,324 | - |
| 1984 | $3,167 | - |
| 1983 | $3,055 | - |
| 1982 | $3,100 | - |
| 1981 | $3,030 | - |
| 1980 | $3,154 | - |
| 1979 | $1,902 | - |
| 1978 | $1,434 | - |
| 1977 | $1,102 | - |
| 1976 | $870 | - |
| 1975 | $743 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1975–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus | CC BY
Cyprus has a GDP per capita of $30,075, ranking 45/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $63,007, ranking 29/197, and a median annual after tax income of $24,626, ranking 33/197.
Cyprus GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | 100 | 38 | - |
| 2024 | 102 | 44 | 25 |
| 2023 | 102 | 44 | 29 |
| 2022 | 105 | 45 | 29 |
| 2021 | 102 | 44 | 33 |
| 2020 | 105 | 45 | 32 |
| 2019 | 106 | 45 | 33 |
| 2018 | 108 | 45 | 35 |
| 2017 | 111 | 48 | 37 |
| 2016 | 109 | 50 | 37 |
| 2015 | 111 | 51 | 40 |
| 2014 | 105 | 49 | 42 |
| 2013 | 105 | 46 | 40 |
| 2012 | 105 | 41 | 36 |
| 2011 | 100 | 40 | 34 |
| 2010 | 99 | 38 | 33 |
| 2009 | 94 | 36 | 32 |
| 2008 | 90 | 37 | 32 |
| 2007 | 87 | 38 | 32 |
| 2006 | 88 | 39 | 33 |
| 2005 | 85 | 38 | 31 |
| 2004 | 84 | 37 | 34 |
| 2003 | 86 | 38 | 35 |
| 2002 | 89 | 42 | 35 |
| 2001 | 89 | 42 | 36 |
| 2000 | 89 | 42 | 37 |
| 1999 | 89 | 39 | 37 |
| 1998 | 89 | 37 | 36 |
| 1997 | 90 | 39 | 35 |
| 1996 | 83 | 38 | 33 |
| 1995 | 84 | 36 | 33 |
| 1994 | 85 | 39 | 34 |
| 1993 | 89 | 39 | 34 |
| 1992 | 90 | 37 | 34 |
| 1991 | 96 | 42 | 36 |
| 1990 | 99 | 43 | 36 |
| 1989 | 90 | 41 | - |
| 1988 | 92 | 41 | - |
| 1987 | 95 | 41 | - |
| 1986 | 92 | 41 | - |
| 1985 | 95 | 46 | - |
| 1984 | 97 | 49 | - |
| 1983 | 99 | 45 | - |
| 1982 | 99 | 43 | - |
| 1981 | 100 | 47 | - |
| 1980 | 97 | 46 | - |
| 1979 | 98 | 58 | - |
| 1978 | 103 | 63 | - |
| 1977 | 108 | 66 | - |
| 1976 | 114 | 69 | - |
| 1975 | 115 | 71 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1975–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2025 Cyprus is ranked 100th out of 179 by GDP (down from 89th), 38th by GDP per capita (up from 42nd), and 25th by GDP per capita PPP (up from 37th).
Economic indicators
Cyprus
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$41.2B
2025 |
103/197 |
| GDP growth |
3.77%
2024-2025 |
81/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$30,075
2025 |
45/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$63,007
2024 |
29/197 |
| Government debt |
$22.8B
2025 |
98/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
55.3%
2025 |
89/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$16,632
2025 |
40/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$24,626
2026 |
33/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
87
2025 |
52/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$27.9B
2025 |
58/100 |
| Number of millionaires |
24,000
2026 |
40/40 |
| Millionaire frequency |
1 in 45
2026 |
22/40 |
| Number of billionaires |
10
2026 |
33/74 |
| Billionaire frequency |
1 in 108,213
2026 |
4/74 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
26.3%
2023 |
95/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.6%
2023 |
29/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
40.4%
2025 |
52/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
0.13%
2024-2025 |
179/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
4.4%
2025 |
121/196 |
| Population |
1388591
|
153/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2025 | 40.4% | 55.3% | 2.99% |
| 2024 | 38.3% | 62.8% | 4.14% |
| 2023 | 40.6% | 71.1% | 1.71% |
| 2022 | 37.7% | 80.3% | 2.69% |
| 2021 | 42.7% | 96.5% | -1.59% |
| 2020 | 45.9% | 113.6% | -5.57% |
| 2019 | 40.3% | 92.3% | 1.03% |
| 2018 | 44.3% | 100.7% | -3.36% |
| 2017 | 38.4% | 96.4% | 2.13% |
| 2016 | 39.6% | 106.8% | 0.45% |
| 2015 | 43% | 111.6% | -0.77% |
| 2014 | 52.1% | 113% | -8.8% |
| 2013 | 42.1% | 102.7% | -5.16% |
| 2012 | 41.9% | 79.2% | -5.55% |
| 2011 | 42.1% | 64.8% | -5.65% |
| 2010 | 41.7% | 55.3% | -4.68% |
| 2009 | 41.9% | 52.8% | -5.43% |
| 2008 | 38.2% | 44.1% | 0.87% |
| 2007 | 37.6% | 53.1% | 3.23% |
| 2006 | 39.1% | 59% | -1.04% |
| 2005 | 39.7% | 64% | -2.22% |
| 2004 | 38.6% | 64.7% | -3.71% |
| 2003 | 40.4% | 63% | -5.91% |
| 2002 | 37.4% | 61% | -4.13% |
| 2001 | 35.7% | 57.5% | -2.11% |
| 2000 | 35% | 56% | -2.24% |
| 1999 | 34.3% | 55.7% | -4.05% |
| 1998 | 34.4% | 55% | -3.85% |
| 1997 | 34.2% | 53.5% | -4.82% |
| 1996 | 32.4% | 48.8% | -2.96% |
| 1995 | 30.4% | 46.7% | -0.71% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus | CC BY
This chart shows Cyprus' government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 31 years, Cyprus recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 2.1% of GDP. In 2025, government spending reached $16.7B (40.4% of GDP), with a surplus of 2.99%.
The national debt reached $22.8B, ranking 98th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 55.3%, ranking 89th.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.13% |
| 2024 | 1.8% |
| 2023 | 3.54% |
| 2022 | 8.4% |
| 2021 | 2.45% |
| 2020 | -0.64% |
| 2019 | 0.25% |
| 2018 | 1.44% |
| 2017 | 0.53% |
| 2016 | -1.43% |
| 2015 | -2.1% |
| 2014 | -1.35% |
| 2013 | -0.4% |
| 2012 | 2.39% |
| 2011 | 3.29% |
| 2010 | 2.43% |
| 2009 | 0.33% |
| 2008 | 4.67% |
| 2007 | 2.37% |
| 2006 | 2.3% |
| 2005 | 2.56% |
| 2004 | 2.29% |
| 2003 | 4.14% |
| 2002 | 2.8% |
| 2001 | 1.97% |
| 2000 | 4.14% |
| 1999 | 1.63% |
| 1998 | 2.23% |
| 1997 | 3.61% |
| 1996 | 2.98% |
| 1995 | 2.62% |
| 1994 | 4.7% |
| 1993 | 4.85% |
| 1992 | 6.51% |
| 1991 | 5.04% |
| 1990 | 4.5% |
| 1989 | 3.77% |
| 1988 | 3.43% |
| 1987 | 2.79% |
| 1986 | 1.22% |
| 1985 | 5.03% |
| 1984 | 5.99% |
| 1983 | 5.05% |
| 1982 | 6.43% |
| 1981 | 10.7% |
| 1980 | 13.5% |
| 1979 | 9.46% |
| 1978 | 7.44% |
| 1977 | 7.33% |
| 1976 | 3.85% |
| 1975 | 4.64% |
| 1974 | 16.2% |
| 1973 | 7.81% |
| 1972 | 4.83% |
| 1971 | 4.14% |
| 1970 | 2.4% |
| 1969 | 2.39% |
| 1968 | 3.77% |
| 1967 | 0.7% |
| 1966 | 0.51% |
| 1965 | 0.2% |
| 1964 | -0.3% |
| 1963 | 1.96% |
| 1962 | 0.1% |
| 1961 | -0.62% |
| 1960 | 0.83% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Cyprus has had an average annual inflation rate of 1.52%. In 2025, inflation was 0.13%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Cyprus
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$2.59B
2025 |
149/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-6.29%
2025 |
145/190 |
| Goods imports |
$12.6B
2025 |
100/189 |
| Goods exports |
$4.62B
2025 |
124/189 |
| Service imports |
$25.3B
2025 |
47/189 |
| Service exports |
$35.7B
2025 |
41/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
91.9%
2025 |
16/182 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
97.6%
2025 |
9/193 |
Cyprus top 10 trading partners
Cyprus' biggest trading partner accounting for 13.8% of all exports and imports is the United States, with a trade balance between the two of +$2.64B: Cyprus exports $5.5B worth of goods and services to the United States and imports $2.86B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Cyprus.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
United States
|
$8.36B | 13.8% | $5.5B | $2.86B | IT & IP services | IT & IP services |
| 2 |
Greece
|
$6.01B | 9.94% | $1.3B | $4.71B | Transport & tourism services | Transport & tourism services |
| 3 |
United Kingdom
|
$4.99B | 8.25% | $3.13B | $1.86B | Transport & tourism services | Transport & tourism services |
| 4 |
Germany
|
$4.78B | 7.91% | $2.57B | $2.21B | Transport & tourism services | Business & finance services |
| 5 |
Ireland
|
$3.92B | 6.49% | $2.31B | $1.61B | IT & IP services | Business & finance services |
| 6 |
Israel
|
$2.83B | 4.69% | $773M | $2.06B | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 7 |
Netherlands
|
$1.8B | 2.99% | $700M | $1.1B | Transport & tourism services | Transport & tourism services |
| 8 |
Libya
|
$1.8B | 2.98% | $1.69B | $110M | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 9 |
Italy
|
$1.64B | 2.72% | $324M | $1.32B | Business & finance services | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 10 |
China
|
$1.39B | 2.3% | $129M | $1.26B | IT & IP services | Machinery & equipment |
Top 10 exports
|
Cyprus
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| IT & IP services | $11.4B | 24/185 |
| Business & finance services | $9.89B | 37/189 |
| Transport & tourism services | $9.43B | 53/191 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $3.1B | 86/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $1.28B | 77/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $800M | 80/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $496M | 73/192 |
| Manufacturing & construction services | $174M | 72/166 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $152M | 64/187 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $136M | 125/192 |
Top 10 imports
|
Cyprus
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Business & finance services | $8.6B | 41/189 |
| IT & IP services | $7.19B | 33/185 |
| Transport & tourism services | $5.77B | 66/191 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $4.33B | 77/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $4.12B | 100/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.91B | 91/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.4B | 89/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $1.36B | 88/193 |
| Metals | $677M | 110/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $509M | 113/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Cyprus
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 74.1 | 21/197 |
| Property rights | 85.1 | 32/182 |
| Government integrity | 59.7 | 48/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 89.8 | 22/182 |
| Tax burden | 80.8 | 80/182 |
| Government spending | 52.1 | 135/180 |
| Fiscal health | 91.5 | 47/181 |
| Business freedom | 82.3 | 25/182 |
| Labor freedom | 60.3 | 49/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 78.7 | 28/180 |
| Trade freedom | 79.4 | 34/181 |
| Investment freedom | 70 | 28/181 |
| Financial freedom | 60 | 43/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 74.1 | 89.8 | 80.8 | 52.1 | 91.5 |
| 2025 | 73.2 | 89.2 | 79.9 | 51.2 | 85.2 |
| 2024 | 72.2 | 88.7 | 79.9 | 45.5 | 79.3 |
| 2023 | 72.3 | 58.8 | 80.8 | 45.8 | 73.3 |
| 2022 | 72.9 | 90.9 | 80.3 | 44.3 | 71.2 |
| 2021 | 71.4 | 57.9 | 80.2 | 52.1 | 82 |
| 2020 | 70.1 | 50.5 | 74.8 | 58.6 | 80 |
| 2019 | 68.1 | 48.1 | 74.9 | 55.2 | 80.3 |
| 2018 | 67.8 | 56.7 | 75.2 | 52.9 | 79.3 |
| 2017 | 67.9 | 60.7 | 73 | 48.8 | 72.9 |
| 2016 | 68.7 | - | 76.1 | 47.3 | - |
| 2015 | 67.9 | - | 79.5 | 36.7 | - |
| 2014 | 67.6 | - | 79.7 | 36.2 | - |
| 2013 | 69 | - | 79.8 | 32.7 | - |
| 2012 | 71.8 | - | 83.3 | 37.1 | - |
| 2011 | 73.3 | - | 74.6 | 45.6 | - |
| 2010 | 70.9 | - | 72.7 | 44.8 | - |
| 2009 | 70.8 | - | 76.6 | 42.2 | - |
| 2008 | 71.3 | - | 78.2 | 43 | - |
| 2007 | 71.7 | - | 79.4 | 44.8 | - |
| 2006 | 71.8 | - | 79.1 | 48.3 | - |
| 2005 | 71.9 | - | 79 | 57.4 | - |
| 2004 | 74.1 | - | 81.4 | 56.2 | - |
| 2003 | 73.3 | - | 70.7 | 59.8 | - |
| 2002 | 73 | - | 71.2 | 58.9 | - |
| 2001 | 71 | - | 71.4 | 58.9 | - |
| 2000 | 67.2 | - | 71.7 | 54.4 | - |
| 1999 | 67.8 | - | 71.2 | 62.4 | - |
| 1998 | 68.2 | - | 71.1 | 67.7 | - |
| 1997 | 67.9 | - | 71.3 | 67.9 | - |
| 1996 | 67.7 | - | 71.9 | 67.9 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus | CC BY
Cyprus is ranked 18/174 for economic freedom with a score of 74.1, compared to 20/162 and a score of 71.8 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Cyprus
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
76.8%
2025 |
9/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
11.1%
2025 |
180/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
1.12%
2025 |
171/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$35.6B
2025 |
104/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$57,390
2025 |
37/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$2.95B
2025 |
121/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$9.59B
2025 |
176/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$50.4B
2024 |
190/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
-$55.9B
2024 |
191/193 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
13.9%
2021 |
138/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
19.3%
2025 |
132/179 |
Compare Cyprus vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.