Skip to content

Economy of Norway vs Togo compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Norway has a GDP of $531B compared to $11.9B for Togo, ranking 32/197 and 152/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $239B in government debt (45% of GDP), compared to $7.49B (63% of GDP) in Togo.

Norway vs Togo GDP by year

Norway
Togo
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Togo
2025 $530,755,719,439 $11,889,949,067
2024 $500,886,328,034 $10,643,440,332
2023 $502,197,633,323 $9,723,300,577
2022 $617,321,834,099 $8,646,453,099
2021 $521,592,200,233 $8,541,668,141
2020 $382,252,517,922 $7,486,031,562
2019 $424,244,886,364 $6,992,942,459
2018 $454,588,871,811 $7,029,215,766
2017 $415,673,181,543 $6,387,424,240
2016 $383,284,047,619 $6,071,167,584
2015 $400,669,174,331 $5,755,457,836
2014 $515,829,568,897 $6,393,314,708
2013 $540,132,255,319 $6,021,729,630
2012 $525,082,939,407 $5,413,541,649
2011 $512,868,581,628 $5,422,439,152
2010 $440,132,138,425 $4,746,386,893
2009 $395,664,488,017 $4,721,888,275
2008 $472,060,283,688 $4,578,847,113
2007 $407,813,774,161 $3,759,962,853
2006 $349,773,283,645 $3,320,907,722
2005 $311,417,306,946 $3,221,910,408
2004 $265,662,977,688 $3,191,561,509
2003 $229,192,678,173 $2,987,984,051
2002 $195,359,978,957 $2,410,199,032
2001 $173,590,978,347 $2,093,498,674
2000 $170,620,327,660 $2,106,848,752
1999 $161,304,620,987 $2,226,577,204
1998 $152,955,958,172 $2,241,650,112
1997 $160,013,571,974 $2,116,818,623
1996 $162,427,517,132 $2,069,506,014
1995 $151,083,627,983 $1,849,110,468
1994 $126,324,387,894 $1,387,662,121
1993 $119,841,699,440 $1,741,944,426
1992 $129,998,873,602 $2,390,796,916
1991 $121,149,331,318 $2,262,767,860
1990 $119,344,377,526 $2,299,665,506
1989 $102,226,808,603 $1,910,635,575
1988 $101,497,621,605 $1,947,208,354
1987 $93,913,320,965 $1,763,978,066
1986 $78,438,205,742 $1,498,219,579
1985 $65,211,464,198 $1,076,604,520
1984 $61,866,078,539 $1,014,170,069
1983 $61,417,685,434 $1,081,387,265
1982 $62,453,362,256 $1,160,337,039
1981 $63,392,804,251 $1,359,026,709
1980 $64,176,789,764 $1,604,836,916
1979 $52,935,763,512 $1,259,365,712
1978 $46,355,988,784 $1,164,025,637
1977 $41,362,637,363 $1,097,893,826
1976 $35,815,449,464 $874,681,612
1975 $32,742,543,381 $871,781,687
1974 $27,033,413,362 $791,450,308
1973 $22,433,660,550 $574,030,984
1972 $17,283,931,878 $474,043,922
1971 $14,523,306,736 $404,648,368
1970 $12,753,503,479 $358,665,754
1969 $11,083,505,596 $378,091,810
1968 $10,178,705,992 $341,691,567
1967 $9,532,076,026 $327,215,844
1966 $8,712,528,095 $305,227,595
1965 $8,073,570,566 $264,505,506
1964 $7,172,430,304 $234,572,186
1963 $6,522,268,053 $202,305,865
1962 $6,078,186,245 $186,745,758
1961 $5,642,867,672 $178,497,098
1960 $5,172,811,442 $171,057,069

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/togo | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Togo by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Togo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Togo
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $94,594 - $1,384 -
2024 $89,889 $102,038 $1,266 $3,365
2023 $90,984 $103,638 $1,182 $3,154
2022 $113,122 $125,490 $1,072 $2,935
2021 $96,443 $88,984 $1,076 $2,639
2020 $71,058 $67,111 $961 $2,384
2019 $79,329 $70,940 $918 $2,215
2018 $85,579 $70,254 $942 $2,067
2017 $78,771 $64,590 $872 $1,986
2016 $73,222 $59,280 $843 $1,933
2015 $77,221 $60,738 $814 $1,880
2014 $100,410 $66,332 $922 $1,803
2013 $106,333 $67,378 $886 $1,715
2012 $104,628 $65,774 $814 $1,645
2011 $103,545 $62,460 $834 $1,616
2010 $90,020 $58,213 $750 $1,537
2009 $81,940 $55,648 $770 $1,474
2008 $99,002 $62,073 $771 $1,429
2007 $86,600 $56,179 $654 $1,387
2006 $75,048 $54,358 $596 $1,407
2005 $67,358 $47,967 $595 $1,368
2004 $57,855 $42,667 $604 $1,427
2003 $50,208 $38,680 $580 $1,440
2002 $43,048 $38,056 $479 $1,357
2001 $38,458 $37,829 $427 $1,320
2000 $37,992 $36,994 $440 $1,315
1999 $36,151 $30,574 $477 $1,332
1998 $34,516 $28,200 $492 $1,318
1997 $36,324 $28,610 $477 $1,373
1996 $37,073 $26,826 $482 $1,218
1995 $34,659 $24,360 $450 $1,140
1994 $29,130 $23,027 $355 $1,082
1993 $27,793 $21,584 $448 $925
1992 $30,328 $20,623 $608 $1,057
1991 $28,427 $19,580 $592 $1,107
1990 $28,137 $18,461 $619 $1,110
1989 $24,185 - $530 -
1988 $24,112 - $556 -
1987 $22,430 - $519 -
1986 $18,822 - $455 -
1985 $15,704 - $337 -
1984 $14,943 - $327 -
1983 $14,877 - $357 -
1982 $15,178 - $392 -
1981 $15,463 - $472 -
1980 $15,708 - $575 -
1979 $12,998 - $464 -
1978 $11,421 - $440 -
1977 $10,230 - $425 -
1976 $8,896 - $347 -
1975 $8,171 - $354 -
1974 $6,783 - $329 -
1973 $5,664 - $244.8 -
1972 $4,395 - $207.6 -
1971 $3,721 - $182.3 -
1970 $3,291 - $166.9 -
1969 $2,881 - $185 -
1968 $2,667 - $174.9 -
1967 $2,519 - $171.1 -
1966 $2,321 - $162.9 -
1965 $2,168 - $144.1 -
1964 $1,941 - $130.4 -
1963 $1,779 - $114.6 -
1962 $1,670 - $107.8 -
1961 $1,563 - $104.8 -
1960 $1,444 - $102.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/togo | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $94,594, ranking 9/197, compared to $1,384 in Togo, ranking 167/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while Togo ranks 173rd at $3,365.

Economic indicators

Norway Togo
Gross domestic product
$531B
2025
$11.9B
2025
GDP rank
32/197
2025
152/197
2025
GDP growth
1.09%
2024-2025
6.31%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$94,594
2025
$1,384
2025
GDP per capita rank
9/197
2025
167/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$3,365
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
173/197
2024
Government debt
$239B
2025
$7.49B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
45%
2025
63%
2025
Government debt per person
$42,567
2025
$872
2025
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2025
148/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,036
2026
$1,719
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
n/a
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
29.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.8%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.6%
2025
19.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.06%
2024-2025
0.43%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2026
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.5%
2025
1.97%
2022
Population
5660666
8873660

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Togo
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Togo
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.6% 45% 19.8% 63%
2024 46.9% 52.8% 24.3% 66.2%
2023 44.2% 42.4% 24.8% 64.1%
2022 36.2% 34.8% 24.4% 63%
2021 44.7% 40.1% 21.3% 63.3%
2020 54.5% 44.3% 23.4% 61.4%
2019 48.4% 39% 16.6% 54.9%
2018 46.1% 38.1% 18.8% 58%
2017 47.6% 36.9% 16.3% 57.1%
2016 48.8% 36.7% 22.9% 59.9%
2015 46.7% 33.2% 22.9% 52.4%
2014 44% 28.8% 21.9% 44.9%
2013 42.3% 30.6% 20.5% 41.1%
2012 41.4% 30.2% 19.1% 34.3%
2011 42.3% 28.9% 18.2% 37%
2010 43.6% 42.1% 15.1% 33.5%
2009 44.7% 41.7% 14.3% 57.6%
2008 39.2% 46.8% 12.4% 67.3%
2007 40.5% 48.9% 13.7% 70.5%
2006 40.1% 52.2% 14.7% 67.7%
2005 41.6% 42.1% 13.3% 63.1%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 10.6% 48.7%
2003 47.7% 43.1% 8.88% 50%
2002 46.3% 34% 8.42% 54.8%
2001 43.4% 27.3% 10.9% 68.5%
2000 41.5% 28.8% 11.9% 66.5%
1999 46.7% 25.1% 11.9% 59.9%
1998 48.2% 23.8% 12.8% 62.8%
1997 45.9% 26% 10.6% 54.4%
1996 47.4% 28.6% 12.4% 60.4%
1995 49.6% 32.9% 12.7% 64.8%
1994 49.7% 51% 13.2% 79%
1993 50.5% 54% 14.8% 58.3%
1992 51.6% 45.3% 12.6% 45%
1991 50.3% 39.5% 14.6% 46.9%
1990 49.1% 29.1% 16.8% 44.7%
1989 52.2% 30.4% 16.9% 46.3%
1988 52.6% 30.5% - -
1987 50.5% 31.3% - -
1986 48.1% 37.8% - -
1985 44% 30.2% - -
1984 44.5% 27.8% - -
1983 46.4% 27.4% - -
1982 46.6% 29.7% - -
1981 46.1% 32.9% - -
1980 46.1% 36.8% - -
1979 47.2% 39.6% - -
1978 47.9% 49.9% - -
1977 46.5% 43.8% - -
1976 45.2% 38.5% - -
1975 43.5% 36.7% - -
1974 42.2% 35.4% - -
1973 42.3% 37.7% - -
1972 42.2% 38.9% - -
1971 40.7% 38.5% - -
1970 38.9% 38.6% - -
1969 38% 22.3% - -
1968 36.2% 22.5% - -
1967 34.9% 22.6% - -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1960 18% 29.8% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2004, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/togo | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government spending was $263B, accounting for 49.6% of its GDP, while Togo spent $2.36B, or 19.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 45% in Norway and 63% in Togo, ranking 117/185 and 69/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Togo
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Togo
2025 9.34% -3.23%
2024 12.8% -6.82%
2023 15.9% -6.28%
2022 24.7% -7.83%
2021 9.93% -4.54%
2020 -2.46% -6.96%
2019 6.28% 1.67%
2018 7.56% -0.59%
2017 4.79% -0.21%
2016 3.91% -7.02%
2015 5.8% -7.04%
2014 8.34% -7.11%
2013 10.3% -5.08%
2012 13.4% -4.63%
2011 13% -4.48%
2010 10.6% -1.66%
2009 10% -2.63%
2008 18.3% -0.59%
2007 16.8% -1.83%
2006 17.7% -1.94%
2005 14.7% -1.67%
2004 10.8% 0.61%
2003 7.21% 1.43%
2002 9.05% -0.28%
2001 13.2% -0.72%
2000 15.1% -3.45%
1999 5.75% -1.76%
1998 3.09% -3.25%
1997 7.41% -0.98%
1996 6.05% -3.26%
1995 2.98% -2.97%
1994 0.04% -5.37%
1993 -1.65% -8.46%
1992 -2.08% -2.27%
1991 -0.12% -3.52%
1990 1.96% -1.65%
1989 1.81% -2.18%
1988 2.65% -
1987 4.56% -
1986 5.87% -
1985 9.84% -
1984 6.97% -
1983 6.03% -
1982 3.96% -
1981 4.82% -
1980 5.38% -
1979 2.16% -
1978 0.94% -
1977 1.01% -
1976 2.2% -
1975 2.88% -
1974 4.06% -
1973 4.99% -
1972 3.93% -
1971 3.71% -
1970 2.83% -
1969 3.57% -
1968 3.38% -
1967 4.19% -
1966 3.59% -
1965 2.78% -
1964 3.08% -
1963 2.6% -
1962 4% -
1961 -0.7% -
1960 1.42% -
1959 1.89% -
1958 1.7% -
1957 1.55% -
1956 1.22% -
1955 0.82% -
1954 -0.54% -
1953 1.3% -
1952 2.15% -
1951 1.59% -
1950 -0.89% -
1949 -0.72% -
1948 -0.35% -
1947 -4.66% -
1946 -3.82% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -0.54% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 -0.16% -
1936 -0.7% -
1935 -1.1% -
1934 -0.59% -
1933 -1.29% -
1932 -1.14% -
1931 -1.15% -
1930 -0.46% -
1929 -0.83% -
1928 -0.81% -
1927 -0.76% -
1926 -1.59% -
1925 -1.92% -
1924 -2.96% -
1923 -3.58% -
1922 -4.28% -
1921 -5.47% -
1920 -1.15% -
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/togo | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $49.6B, equivalent to 9.34% of GDP. This compares to Togo's deficit of $384M, or 3.23% of GDP.

Over the past 37 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while Togo ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 8.44% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.2% of GDP for Togo.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Togo
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Togo
2025 3.06% 0.43%
2024 3.15% 2.86%
2023 5.52% 5.49%
2022 5.76% 7.97%
2021 3.48% 4.19%
2020 1.29% 1.7%
2019 2.17% 0.67%
2018 2.76% 0.93%
2017 1.88% -0.98%
2016 3.55% 1.29%
2015 2.17% 2.59%
2014 2.04% 0.19%
2013 2.12% 1.83%
2012 0.7% 2.58%
2011 1.28% 3.56%
2010 2.42% 1.45%
2009 2.2% 3.71%
2008 3.75% 8.69%
2007 0.71% 0.95%
2006 2.33% 2.23%
2005 1.53% 6.78%
2004 0.45% 0.39%
2003 2.49% -0.93%
2002 1.29% 3.06%
2001 3% 3.92%
2000 3.09% 1.86%
1999 2.37% -0.05%
1998 2.25% 0.98%
1997 2.57% 8.25%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/togo | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.46%, compared with 2.64% in Togo. In 2025, inflation was 3.06% in Norway and 0.43% in Togo.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $123M
Animal & marine products $892K
Machinery & equipment $483K
Textiles & consumer goods $81K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $31K
Chemicals & pharma $20K
Wood & paper products $5K
Metals $4K
Togo
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $12K
Raw materials & minerals $1K

Balance of trade

Norway Togo
Current account balance
$74.1B
2025
-$20.7M
2020
Current account balance ranking
10/190
2025
72/190
2020
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14%
2025
-0.28%
2020
Goods imports
$105B
2025
$1.95B
2020
Goods exports
$177B
2025
$1.21B
2020
Service imports
$73.9B
2025
$438M
2020
Service exports
$63.5B
2025
$514M
2020
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2025
38.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
45.4%
2025
24.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Togo
Economic freedom 78.8 51.6
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 153/197
Property rights 99.6 43.6
Government integrity 94.3 33.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 34
Tax burden 63.3 68.9
Government spending 42 79.2
Fiscal health 96.4 9.6
Business freedom 91.2 60.1
Labor freedom 69.3 51.9
Monetary freedom 72.4 72.5
Trade freedom 85.6 65.8
Investment freedom 75 60
Financial freedom 60 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Togo
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Togo
2026 78.8 51.6
2025 78.3 52.3
2024 77.5 50.9
2023 76.9 55.3
2022 76.9 57.2
2021 73.4 57.5
2020 73.4 54.1
2019 73 50.3
2018 74.3 47.8
2017 74 53.2
2016 70.8 53.6
2015 71.8 53
2014 70.9 49.9
2013 70.5 48.8
2012 68.8 48.3
2011 70.3 49.1
2010 69.4 47.1
2009 70.2 48.7
2008 68.6 48.9
2007 67.9 49.7
2006 67.9 47.3
2005 64.5 48.2
2004 66.2 47
2003 67.2 46.8
2002 67.4 45.2
2001 67.1 45.3
2000 70.1 46.4
1999 68.6 48.2
1998 68 -
1997 65.1 -
1996 65.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/togo | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 51.6 for Togo, ranking 153/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Togo
Services, % of GDP
55%
2025
61.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34.5%
2025
21%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.64%
2025
20.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$546B
2025
$11.6B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$107,770
2025
$4,090
2025
Total reserves including gold
$85.5B
2025
n/a
Total reserves ranking
34/177
2025
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
$8.93B
2025
-$53.1M
2020
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.1B
2024
$83.8M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.62B
2024
-$73.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.22%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
43.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
20.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/togo | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–2004, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.