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Economy of Norway vs Suriname compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Norway has a GDP of $484B compared to $4.71B for Suriname, ranking 32/197 and 164/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $207B in government debt (42.7% of GDP), compared to $4.11B (86.6% of GDP) in Suriname.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Norway
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Suriname
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Norway Suriname
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $5,197,398,721 $68,793,506,118 $99,650,000 $1,039,858,389
1961 $5,669,689,210 $73,109,153,566 $107,700,000 $1,089,771,592
1962 $6,107,076,929 $75,166,405,039 $116,150,000 $1,132,272,684
1963 $6,553,269,536 $78,011,485,854 $125,950,000 $1,195,679,954
1964 $7,206,522,122 $81,919,589,025 $134,400,000 $1,273,399,151
1965 $8,111,945,661 $86,249,538,031 $154,150,000 $1,426,207,049
1966 $8,753,940,267 $89,515,388,221 $190,350,000 $1,700,038,803
1967 $9,577,383,653 $95,115,541,631 $220,700,000 $1,905,743,498
1968 $10,227,087,165 $97,265,034,480 $241,350,000 $2,050,580,004
1969 $11,136,187,440 $101,646,446,366 $259,650,000 $2,142,856,104
1970 $12,814,123,115 $103,621,742,272 $274,900,000 $2,200,713,219
1971 $14,583,114,840 $109,500,837,087 $301,000,000 $2,286,541,034
1972 $17,358,610,850 $115,337,894,011 $311,950,000 $2,272,821,788
1973 $22,534,253,703 $120,566,084,506 $339,450,000 $2,231,910,996
1974 $27,145,693,810 $125,294,905,499 $409,850,000 $2,240,838,640
1975 $32,877,805,200 $131,499,638,270 $465,500,000 $2,303,582,122
1976 $35,942,270,686 $139,160,194,320 $505,500,000 $2,506,297,349
1977 $41,508,030,431 $144,950,253,122 $641,500,000 $2,761,939,678
1978 $46,522,900,254 $150,558,892,164 $735,500,000 $2,944,227,697
1979 $53,132,244,624 $157,142,089,506 $782,500,000 $2,926,562,331
1980 $64,439,382,896 $164,314,436,253 $795,000,000 $2,669,024,846
1981 $63,596,654,761 $166,940,746,108 $889,000,000 $2,858,525,610
1982 $62,647,195,538 $167,333,595,175 $915,000,000 $2,738,467,534
1983 $61,627,240,831 $173,981,771,260 $883,500,000 $2,631,667,300
1984 $62,057,955,033 $184,511,811,488 $864,000,000 $2,581,665,621
1985 $65,416,879,914 $194,758,499,575 $873,000,000 $2,633,298,934
1986 $78,693,118,044 $202,630,856,643 $891,000,000 $2,654,365,325
1987 $94,229,907,236 $206,184,106,690 $980,000,000 $2,489,794,675
1988 $101,900,260,856 $205,657,951,819 $1,161,000,000 $2,683,998,660
1989 $102,633,934,391 $207,793,200,369 $542,600,000 $2,796,726,603
1990 $119,791,843,060 $211,808,370,316 $388,400,000 $2,670,873,906
1991 $121,872,464,483 $218,341,469,492 $448,100,000 $2,742,987,479
1992 $130,838,040,068 $226,145,995,698 $404,600,000 $2,753,959,429
1993 $120,579,213,713 $232,580,262,419 $428,764,706 $2,569,444,198
1994 $127,131,319,429 $244,337,831,947 $605,492,537 $2,656,805,273
1995 $152,029,612,325 $254,491,639,971 $691,590,498 $2,656,805,273
1996 $163,520,109,151 $267,287,258,415 $861,372,806 $2,683,373,358
1997 $161,356,631,888 $281,412,338,540 $926,422,500 $2,836,325,577
1998 $154,230,295,158 $288,922,351,937 $1,110,850,000 $2,901,561,112
1999 $162,383,706,021 $294,908,959,351 $886,290,698 $2,860,939,243
2000 $171,457,201,936 $304,696,827,580 $947,671,970 $2,921,018,935
2001 $174,239,354,071 $310,995,308,439 $834,279,358 $3,043,701,742
2002 $195,914,852,576 $315,279,446,148 $1,093,574,468 $3,128,925,412
2003 $229,385,469,337 $318,258,551,155 $1,274,190,311 $3,326,047,695
2004 $265,268,662,473 $331,035,320,834 $1,484,092,538 $3,608,761,755
2005 $309,978,579,744 $339,924,026,052 $1,793,410,397 $3,771,156,042
2006 $346,915,160,682 $348,291,164,570 $2,626,380,435 $3,989,639,611
2007 $402,643,260,488 $358,440,508,444 $2,936,612,022 $4,193,569,552
2008 $464,917,553,191 $360,167,903,329 $3,532,969,035 $4,367,326,198
2009 $387,976,400,617 $353,179,332,378 $3,875,409,836 $4,498,944,264
2010 $431,052,143,940 $355,959,036,888 $4,368,370,998 $4,731,486,826
2011 $501,360,549,669 $359,894,719,458 $4,422,276,622 $5,008,248,887
2012 $512,777,309,841 $369,676,511,271 $4,980,000,000 $5,142,988,298
2013 $526,014,468,085 $373,433,130,118 $5,145,757,576 $5,293,854,859
2014 $501,736,471,833 $381,081,533,571 $5,240,606,061 $5,307,380,819
2015 $388,159,512,246 $388,159,512,246 $5,126,237,646 $5,126,237,646
2016 $370,956,547,619 $392,680,500,172 $3,317,421,648 $4,874,454,256
2017 $401,745,275,035 $402,355,151,331 $3,591,679,431 $4,950,790,054
2018 $439,788,625,884 $405,690,399,924 $3,996,198,867 $5,195,768,566
2019 $408,742,840,909 $410,249,333,419 $4,016,040,575 $5,256,433,829
2020 $367,633,418,887 $405,005,642,243 $2,911,807,496 $4,416,708,447
2021 $503,367,986,030 $420,836,044,192 $3,107,923,198 $4,309,144,555
2022 $596,297,651,036 $434,497,344,229 $3,791,603,200 $4,412,832,155
2023 $482,949,731,777 $434,810,705,801 $3,455,146,281 $4,524,898,973
2024 $483,727,398,216 $443,943,701,526 $4,714,267,822 $4,653,387,372

Economic indicators

Norway Suriname
Gross domestic product
$484B
2024
$4.71B
2024
GDP rank
32/197
2024
164/197
2024
GDP growth
0.16%
2023-2024
36.4%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$86,810
2024
$7,431
2024
GDP per capita rank
8/197
2024
101/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$101,032
2024
$22,067
2024
Government debt
$207B
2024
$4.11B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.7%
2025
86.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$37,084
2024
$6,481
2024
Government debt per person rank
17/185
2024
71/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$45,746
2025
$3,252
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
n/a
Number of millionaires
253,085
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.2%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.9%
2025
29.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.15%
2023-2024
16.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2025
10%
2013
Unemployment rate
3.98%
2024
7.92%
2016
Population
5642662
644193

GDP per capita in Norway vs Suriname

Norway's GDP per capita is $86,810, ranking 8/197, compared to $7,431 in Suriname, ranking 101/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $101,032, while Suriname ranks 87th at $22,067.

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Suriname
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Norway Suriname
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,451 - $378 -
1961 $1,571 - $395 -
1962 $1,678 - $409 -
1963 $1,787 - $424 -
1964 $1,951 - $435 -
1965 $2,179 - $482 -
1966 $2,333 - $575 -
1967 $2,531 - $644 -
1968 $2,680 - $681 -
1969 $2,894 - $708 -
1970 $3,306 - $724 -
1971 $3,736 - $768 -
1972 $4,414 - $785 -
1973 $5,690 - $858 -
1974 $6,812 - $1,041 -
1975 $8,204 - $1,190 -
1976 $8,927 - $1,302 -
1977 $10,266 - $1,666 -
1978 $11,463 - $1,928 -
1979 $13,047 - $2,072 -
1980 $15,772 - $2,118 -
1981 $15,513 - $2,368 -
1982 $15,225 - $2,430 -
1983 $14,928 - $2,333 -
1984 $14,989 - $2,261 -
1985 $15,754 - $2,256 -
1986 $18,883 - $2,271 -
1987 $22,506 - $2,469 -
1988 $24,207 - $2,886 -
1989 $24,281 - $1,329 -
1990 $28,243 $18,449 $942 $6,493
1991 $28,597 $19,567 $1,080 $6,852
1992 $30,524 $20,609 $969 $6,992
1993 $27,964 $21,569 $1,022 $6,650
1994 $29,316 $23,012 $1,434 $6,973
1995 $34,876 $24,344 $1,610 $7,000
1996 $37,322 $26,816 $1,963 $7,048
1997 $36,629 $28,603 $2,068 $7,422
1998 $34,803 $28,198 $2,429 $7,521
1999 $36,393 $30,574 $1,898 $7,367
2000 $38,178 $36,986 $1,988 $7,535
2001 $38,602 $37,833 $1,715 $7,865
2002 $43,171 $38,056 $2,202 $8,046
2003 $50,250 $38,685 $2,516 $8,552
2004 $57,769 $42,673 $2,888 $9,389
2005 $67,047 $47,967 $3,453 $10,014
2006 $74,434 $54,369 $5,003 $10,803
2007 $85,502 $56,181 $5,530 $11,530
2008 $97,504 $62,073 $6,576 $12,097
2009 $80,348 $55,619 $7,130 $12,393
2010 $88,163 $58,220 $7,944 $13,039
2011 $101,222 $62,460 $7,950 $13,926
2012 $102,176 $65,774 $8,851 $15,185
2013 $103,554 $67,378 $9,043 $16,173
2014 $97,667 $66,332 $9,108 $16,598
2015 $74,810 $60,754 $8,814 $16,544
2016 $70,867 $59,280 $5,644 $14,475
2017 $76,132 $64,590 $6,050 $17,568
2018 $82,793 $70,254 $6,666 $17,855
2019 $76,431 $70,940 $6,630 $19,772
2020 $68,340 $67,111 $4,755 $16,947
2021 $93,073 $88,984 $5,030 $18,458
2022 $109,270 $123,150 $6,084 $20,079
2023 $87,497 $100,437 $5,494 $21,136
2024 $86,810 $101,032 $7,431 $22,067

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Norway's government spending was $230B, accounting for 47.9% of its GDP, while Suriname's spent $1.38B, or 29.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.7% in Norway and 86.6% in Suriname, ranking 128/185 and 37/185, respectively.

Norway
Government spending

Government debt
Suriname
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Norway Suriname
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 18% 29.8% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1967 34.9% 22.6% - -
1968 36.2% 22.5% - -
1969 38% 22.3% - -
1970 38.9% 38.6% - -
1971 40.7% 38.5% - -
1972 42.2% 38.9% - -
1973 42.3% 37.7% - -
1974 42.2% 35.4% - -
1975 43.5% 36.7% - -
1976 45.2% 38.5% - -
1977 46.5% 43.8% - -
1978 47.9% 49.9% - -
1979 47.2% 39.6% - -
1980 46.1% 36.8% - -
1981 46.1% 32.9% - -
1982 46.6% 29.7% - -
1983 46.4% 27.4% - -
1984 44.5% 27.8% - -
1985 44% 30.2% - -
1986 48.1% 37.8% - -
1987 50.5% 31.3% - -
1988 52.6% 30.5% - -
1989 52.2% 30.4% - -
1990 48.9% 28.9% 22.7% 72.9%
1991 50% 39.2% 26.6% 75.7%
1992 51.3% 45% 24.4% 64.4%
1993 50.2% 53.7% 21.2% 51.1%
1994 49.4% 50.6% 19.8% 30.5%
1995 49.3% 32.7% 20.2% 16.3%
1996 47% 28.4% 21.4% 11.8%
1997 45.5% 25.8% 21.1% 16.8%
1998 47.8% 23.6% 30.3% 21.6%
1999 46.4% 25% 19.6% 32.3%
2000 41.3% 28.7% 24.4% 48.4%
2001 43.2% 27.2% 21.8% 37.2%
2002 46.1% 33.9% 22.2% 37.4%
2003 47.6% 43.1% 19.2% 31.5%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 20.8% 29.4%
2005 41.8% 42.3% 22.2% 27.1%
2006 40.5% 52.6% 22.2% 22.5%
2007 41% 49.5% 22.6% 16.4%
2008 39.8% 47.5% 20.5% 14.8%
2009 45.6% 42.5% 24% 14.6%
2010 44.5% 43% 21% 17.3%
2011 43.3% 29.6% 21% 18.7%
2012 42.4% 30.9% 26.7% 20.1%
2013 43.5% 31.4% 26.9% 27.9%
2014 45.2% 29.7% 27.2% 25.2%
2015 48.2% 34.3% 29.1% 41.2%
2016 50.4% 37.9% 27.1% 75.4%
2017 49.2% 38.3% 27.2% 73%
2018 47.7% 39.4% 26.2% 68.6%
2019 50.2% 40.6% 40.5% 84%
2020 56.7% 46.1% 30.2% 146.4%
2021 46.3% 41.6% 32.1% 115.8%
2022 37.5% 36.1% 29.5% 116.9%
2023 45.9% 44.2% 29% 98.2%
2024 47.5% 42.7% 29.2% 87.2%
2025 47.9% 42.7% 29.2% 86.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $61.8B, equivalent to 12.8% of GDP. This compares to Suriname's deficit of -$115M, or -2.43% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while Suriname ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to +8.74% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.34% of GDP for Suriname.

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Suriname
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Suriname
1881 -1.13% -
1882 -0.62% -
1883 -0.17% -
1884 -0.08% -
1885 -0.005% -
1886 -0.2% -
1887 -0.17% -
1888 -0.23% -
1889 -0.07% -
1890 -0.2% -
1891 -0.44% -
1892 -0.94% -
1893 -1.25% -
1894 -1.13% -
1895 -1.66% -
1896 -1.57% -
1897 -0.63% -
1898 -1.39% -
1899 -1.35% -
1900 -1.99% -
1901 -1.41% -
1902 -1.52% -
1903 -1.12% -
1904 -0.75% -
1905 -0.52% -
1906 -0.59% -
1907 0.16% -
1908 -0.06% -
1909 -0.52% -
1910 0.3% -
1911 -0.05% -
1912 -0.89% -
1913 -0.9% -
1914 -1.09% -
1915 -2.04% -
1916 -0.36% -
1917 0.2% -
1918 -1.17% -
1919 -2.11% -
1920 -1.15% -
1921 -5.47% -
1922 -4.28% -
1923 -3.58% -
1924 -2.96% -
1925 -1.92% -
1926 -1.59% -
1927 -0.76% -
1928 -0.81% -
1929 -0.83% -
1930 -0.46% -
1931 -1.15% -
1932 -1.14% -
1933 -1.29% -
1934 -0.59% -
1935 -1.1% -
1936 -0.7% -
1937 -0.16% -
1938 0.03% -
1939 -0.54% -
1940 -0.54% -
1941 -0.54% -
1942 -0.54% -
1943 -0.54% -
1944 -0.54% -
1945 -0.54% -
1946 -3.82% -
1947 -4.66% -
1948 -0.35% -
1949 -0.72% -
1950 -0.89% -
1951 1.59% -
1952 2.15% -
1953 1.3% -
1954 -0.54% -
1955 0.82% -
1956 1.22% -
1957 1.55% -
1958 1.7% -
1959 1.89% -
1960 1.42% -
1961 -0.7% -
1962 4% -
1963 2.6% -
1964 3.08% -
1965 2.78% -
1966 3.59% -
1967 4.19% -
1968 3.38% -
1969 3.57% -
1970 2.83% -
1971 3.71% -
1972 3.93% -
1973 4.99% -
1974 4.06% -
1975 2.88% -
1976 2.2% -
1977 1.01% -
1978 0.94% -
1979 2.16% -
1980 5.38% -
1981 4.82% -
1982 3.96% -
1983 6.03% -
1984 6.97% -
1985 9.84% -
1986 5.87% -
1987 4.56% -
1988 2.65% -
1989 1.81% -
1990 1.95% -3.04%
1991 -0.12% -9.8%
1992 -2.07% -6.45%
1993 -1.64% -4.68%
1994 0.04% -1.89%
1995 2.96% 1.17%
1996 6.01% 3.42%
1997 7.35% -0.32%
1998 3.07% -6.39%
1999 5.71% -4.92%
2000 15% -7.76%
2001 13.2% 3.49%
2002 9.03% -3.3%
2003 7.2% -0.11%
2004 10.8% -1.2%
2005 14.7% -3.39%
2006 17.9% 0.59%
2007 17% 5.01%
2008 18.5% 2.39%
2009 10.2% 2.03%
2010 10.9% -0.15%
2011 13.3% 2.32%
2012 13.7% -1.97%
2013 10.6% -3.33%
2014 8.57% -4.69%
2015 5.99% -7.55%
2016 4.04% -9.34%
2017 4.96% -7.08%
2018 7.81% -5.25%
2019 6.52% -20.2%
2020 -2.56% -12%
2021 10.3% -5.69%
2022 25.5% -2.69%
2023 16.6% -1.68%
2024 12.8% -2.43%
2025 13.2% -1.18%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 23.9% in Suriname. In 2024, inflation was 3.15% in Norway and 16.2% in Suriname.

Inflation
Norway

Suriname
Year Inflation
Norway Suriname Norway Suriname
1996 1.26% -0.7%
1997 2.57% 7.15%
1998 2.25% 19%
1999 2.37% 98.8%
2000 3.09% 59.4%
2001 3% 38.6%
2002 1.29% 15.5%
2003 2.49% 23%
2004 0.45% 9.99%
2005 1.53% 9.9%
2006 2.33% 11.3%
2007 0.71% 6.43%
2008 3.75% 14.7%
2009 2.2% -0.13%
2010 2.42% 6.94%
2011 1.28% 17.7%
2012 0.7% 5.01%
2013 2.12% 1.92%
2014 2.04% 3.38%
2015 2.17% 6.89%
2016 3.55% 55.4%
2017 1.88% 22%
2018 2.76% -
2019 2.17% -
2020 1.29% 34.9%
2021 3.48% 59.1%
2022 5.76% 52.4%
2023 5.52% 51.6%
2024 3.15% 16.2%

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.31M
Metals $352K
Raw materials & minerals $147K
Animal & marine products $70K
Chemicals & pharma $59K
Textiles & consumer goods $45K
Miscellaneous $24K
Wood & paper products $1K
Suriname
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $554K
Machinery & equipment $137K
Metals $8K

Balance of trade

Norway Suriname
Current account balance
$79.8B
2024
$9.31M
2024
Current account balance ranking
8/189
2024
72/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+16.5%
2024
+0.2%
2024
Goods imports
$98.7B
2024
$1.65B
2024
Goods exports
$171B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Service imports
$64.6B
2024
$921M
2024
Service exports
$56.8B
2024
$211M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
38.4%
2010
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.6%
2024
52.5%
2010

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Suriname
Economic freedom 78.3 50.9
Economic freedom ranking 10/197 161/197
Property rights 97.7 42.1
Government integrity 94.8 39.7
Judicial effectiveness 98.5 43.1
Tax burden 62.4 69.1
Government spending 44 74
Fiscal health 96.1 66.1
Business freedom 86.7 57.6
Labor freedom 69.3 69
Monetary freedom 70.3 44.1
Trade freedom 85 65.4
Investment freedom 75 20
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.3, ranking 10/197, compared to 50.9 for Suriname, ranking 161/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Norway
Suriname
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Suriname
1996 65.4 36.7
1997 65.1 35.9
1998 68 39.9
1999 68.6 40.1
2000 70.1 45.8
2001 67.1 44.3
2002 67.4 48
2003 67.2 46.9
2004 66.2 47.9
2005 64.5 51.9
2006 67.9 55.1
2007 67.9 54.8
2008 68.6 54.3
2009 70.2 54.1
2010 69.4 52.5
2011 70.3 53.1
2012 68.8 52.6
2013 70.5 52
2014 70.9 54.2
2015 71.8 54.2
2016 70.8 53.8
2017 74 48
2018 74.3 48.1
2019 73 48.1
2020 73.4 49.5
2021 73.4 46.4
2022 76.9 48.1
2023 76.9 46.1
2024 77.5 46.7
2025 78.3 50.9

More economic indicators

Norway Suriname
Services, % of GDP
51.8%
2024
48.3%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
37%
2024
39.9%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.04%
2024
7.47%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$548B
2024
$3.72B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$105,770
2024
$20,350
2024
Total reserves including gold
$81.2B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Total reserves ranking
32/177
2024
132/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$9.78B
2024
$26.5M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.6B
2024
-$37.6M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.86B
2024
-$11.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
20.6%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
70%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24%
2024
36.2%
2010

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Norway vs Suriname
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.