Moldova ranked 133/197 by economy size with a GDP of $20.4B and 93/197 by GDP per capita at $8,622. Moldova has $7.45B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 36.6%.
In 2025, Moldova made up 0.02% of the world's economy, compared to 0.02% in 1990.
Moldova GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $20,351,796,275 | 2.42% |
| 2024 | $18,206,842,141 | 0.27% |
| 2023 | $16,711,906,746 | 1.19% |
| 2022 | $14,525,337,524 | -4.65% |
| 2021 | $13,691,869,264 | 13.9% |
| 2020 | $11,530,746,234 | -8.28% |
| 2019 | $11,736,797,055 | 3.55% |
| 2018 | $11,252,353,421 | 4.08% |
| 2017 | $9,514,404,016 | 4.18% |
| 2016 | $7,980,917,076 | 4.65% |
| 2015 | $7,797,667,197 | -0.34% |
| 2014 | $9,402,090,138 | 5% |
| 2013 | $9,496,717,876 | 9.04% |
| 2012 | $8,709,138,635 | -0.59% |
| 2011 | $8,414,352,020 | 5.82% |
| 2010 | $6,974,982,370 | 7.1% |
| 2009 | $5,439,434,272 | -6% |
| 2008 | $6,054,824,248 | 7.8% |
| 2007 | $4,401,173,152 | 3% |
| 2006 | $3,408,255,451 | 4.8% |
| 2005 | $2,988,342,907 | 7.5% |
| 2004 | $2,598,249,556 | 7.4% |
| 2003 | $1,980,907,435 | 6.6% |
| 2002 | $1,661,818,168 | 7.8% |
| 2001 | $1,480,673,594 | 6.1% |
| 2000 | $1,288,429,392 | 2.11% |
| 1999 | $1,170,782,957 | -3.37% |
| 1998 | $1,698,717,505 | -6.54% |
| 1997 | $1,930,081,169 | 1.65% |
| 1996 | $1,695,122,174 | -5.88% |
| 1995 | $1,752,999,370 | -1.4% |
| 1994 | $1,702,314,268 | -30.9% |
| 1993 | $2,371,813,324 | -1.2% |
| 1992 | $2,319,243,436 | -29.1% |
| 1991 | $3,094,565,871 | -16% |
| 1990 | $3,592,857,043 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/moldova | CC BY 
Moldova GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $8,622 | - |
| 2024 | $7,579 | $18,615 |
| 2023 | $6,800 | $17,747 |
| 2022 | $5,744 | $16,453 |
| 2021 | $5,275 | $15,682 |
| 2020 | $4,376 | $13,527 |
| 2019 | $4,405 | $13,413 |
| 2018 | $4,156 | $11,868 |
| 2017 | $3,453 | $11,252 |
| 2016 | $2,847 | $10,326 |
| 2015 | $2,750 | $9,198 |
| 2014 | $3,290 | $8,643 |
| 2013 | $3,321 | $8,233 |
| 2012 | $3,045 | $7,255 |
| 2011 | $2,941 | $6,833 |
| 2010 | $2,437 | $6,323 |
| 2009 | $1,898 | $5,827 |
| 2008 | $2,111 | $6,153 |
| 2007 | $1,531 | $5,590 |
| 2006 | $1,183 | $5,271 |
| 2005 | $1,034 | $4,866 |
| 2004 | $897 | $4,378 |
| 2003 | $682 | $3,960 |
| 2002 | $571 | $3,633 |
| 2001 | $507 | $3,311 |
| 2000 | $441 | $3,045 |
| 1999 | $399 | $2,910 |
| 1998 | $579 | $2,965 |
| 1997 | $657 | $3,136 |
| 1996 | $575 | $3,021 |
| 1995 | $594 | $3,146 |
| 1994 | $574 | $3,111 |
| 1993 | $797 | $4,394 |
| 1992 | $778 | $4,337 |
| 1991 | $1,038 | $5,980 |
| 1990 | $1,207 | $6,895 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/moldova | CC BY
Moldova has a GDP per capita of $8,622, ranking 93/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $18,615, ranking 100/197, and a median annual after tax income of $4,301, ranking 116/197.
Moldova GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | 127 | 83 | - |
| 2024 | 131 | 96 | 93 |
| 2023 | 134 | 98 | 96 |
| 2022 | 137 | 107 | 97 |
| 2021 | 138 | 102 | 95 |
| 2020 | 140 | 109 | 99 |
| 2019 | 142 | 115 | 102 |
| 2018 | 144 | 121 | 109 |
| 2017 | 144 | 129 | 108 |
| 2016 | 145 | 134 | 111 |
| 2015 | 148 | 135 | 118 |
| 2014 | 144 | 131 | 120 |
| 2013 | 144 | 131 | 120 |
| 2012 | 145 | 131 | 123 |
| 2011 | 145 | 132 | 122 |
| 2010 | 145 | 134 | 123 |
| 2009 | 147 | 134 | 128 |
| 2008 | 143 | 132 | 124 |
| 2007 | 147 | 139 | 125 |
| 2006 | 151 | 146 | 124 |
| 2005 | 149 | 143 | 124 |
| 2004 | 150 | 144 | 124 |
| 2003 | 155 | 147 | 125 |
| 2002 | 154 | 149 | 126 |
| 2001 | 155 | 154 | 128 |
| 2000 | 154 | 161 | 130 |
| 1999 | 152 | 161 | 129 |
| 1998 | 147 | 145 | 123 |
| 1997 | 145 | 143 | 118 |
| 1996 | 147 | 144 | 116 |
| 1995 | 145 | 142 | 112 |
| 1994 | 137 | 138 | 109 |
| 1993 | 129 | 122 | 96 |
| 1992 | 129 | 121 | 94 |
| 1991 | 123 | 109 | 72 |
| 1990 | 113 | 101 | 65 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/moldova | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2025 Moldova is ranked 127th out of 179 by GDP (up from 154th), 83rd by GDP per capita (up from 161st), and 93rd by GDP per capita PPP (up from 130th).
Economic indicators
Moldova
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$20.4B
2025 |
133/197 |
| GDP growth |
2.42%
2024-2025 |
127/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$8,622
2025 |
93/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$18,615
2024 |
100/197 |
| Government debt |
$7.45B
2025 |
141/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
36.6%
2025 |
140/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$3,158
2025 |
103/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$4,301
2026 |
116/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
22.8%
2023 |
151/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
4.3%
2023 |
6/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
39.4%
2025 |
55/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
7.76%
2024-2025 |
34/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
6.5%
2026 |
44/106 |
| Unemployment rate |
1.28%
2025 |
187/196 |
| Population |
2328600
|
144/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2025 | 39.4% | 36.6% | -3.87% |
| 2024 | 38% | 38.8% | -4.02% |
| 2023 | 38.8% | 34.9% | -5.13% |
| 2022 | 36.6% | 35% | -3.24% |
| 2021 | 34.6% | 33.6% | -2.62% |
| 2020 | 36.7% | 36.6% | -5.32% |
| 2019 | 32% | 28.8% | -1.47% |
| 2018 | 31.5% | 31.8% | -0.85% |
| 2017 | 31% | 34.9% | -0.65% |
| 2016 | 30.5% | 39.7% | -1.56% |
| 2015 | 31.7% | 42.1% | -1.93% |
| 2014 | 33.8% | 35.4% | -1.6% |
| 2013 | 32.4% | 30% | -1.57% |
| 2012 | 33.7% | 31.3% | -1.93% |
| 2011 | 32.6% | 24.2% | -2.05% |
| 2010 | 34.1% | 25.5% | -2.18% |
| 2009 | 45.3% | 32.6% | -6.38% |
| 2008 | 41.5% | 22.2% | -0.87% |
| 2007 | 42.7% | 28.3% | 0.15% |
| 2006 | 40.3% | 35% | -0.42% |
| 2005 | 37.1% | 40.4% | 1.44% |
| 2004 | 34.8% | 49.3% | 0.59% |
| 2003 | 33.5% | 68.1% | 0.47% |
| 2002 | 30.7% | 80.3% | -1.18% |
| 2001 | 29.5% | 85.4% | -0.34% |
| 2000 | 34% | 89.1% | -3.55% |
| 1999 | 33% | 150.7% | -2.64% |
| 1998 | 39.1% | 159.4% | -1.52% |
| 1997 | 46% | 89% | -7.47% |
| 1996 | 43.3% | 87.5% | -7.42% |
| 1995 | 42% | 79.5% | -2.58% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/moldova | CC BY
This chart shows Moldova's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 31 years, Moldova recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 2.31% of GDP. In 2025, government spending reached $8.02B (39.4% of GDP), with a deficit of 3.87%.
The national debt reached $7.45B, ranking 141st out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 36.6%, ranking 140th.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 7.76% |
| 2024 | 4.68% |
| 2023 | 13.4% |
| 2022 | 28.7% |
| 2021 | 5.11% |
| 2020 | 3.77% |
| 2019 | 4.84% |
| 2018 | 3.05% |
| 2017 | 6.57% |
| 2016 | 6.36% |
| 2015 | 9.68% |
| 2014 | 5.09% |
| 2013 | 4.6% |
| 2012 | 4.55% |
| 2011 | 7.69% |
| 2010 | 7.48% |
| 2009 | -0.06% |
| 2008 | 12.8% |
| 2007 | 12.4% |
| 2006 | 12.8% |
| 2005 | 12% |
| 2004 | 12.5% |
| 2003 | 11.7% |
| 2002 | 5.3% |
| 2001 | 9.76% |
| 2000 | 31.3% |
| 1999 | 39.3% |
| 1998 | 7.7% |
| 1997 | 11.8% |
| 1996 | 23.5% |
| 1995 | 29.9% |
| 1994 | 486% |
| 1993 | 1,614% |
| 1992 | 1,027% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1992–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/moldova | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Moldova has had an average annual inflation rate of 8.06%. In 2025, inflation was 7.76%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Moldova
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$4B
2025 |
158/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-19.6%
2025 |
179/190 |
| Goods imports |
$10.1B
2025 |
110/189 |
| Goods exports |
$3.23B
2025 |
132/189 |
| Service imports |
$2.17B
2025 |
122/189 |
| Service exports |
$3.22B
2025 |
107/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
60.9%
2025 |
48/182 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
31.8%
2025 |
106/193 |
Moldova top 10 trading partners
Moldova's biggest trading partner accounting for 24.4% of all exports and imports is Romania, with a trade balance between the two of -$1.38B: Moldova exports $1.1B worth of goods and services to Romania and imports $2.48B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Moldova.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Romania
|
$3.57B | 24.4% | $1.1B | $2.48B | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 2 |
China
|
$1.5B | 10.2% | $9.15M | $1.49B | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
Ukraine
|
$1.4B | 9.56% | $300M | $1.1B | Raw materials & minerals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 4 |
Turkey
|
$1.15B | 7.82% | $376M | $769M | Raw agricultural goods | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 5 |
Germany
|
$895M | 6.11% | $150M | $745M | Manufacturing & construction services | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
Italy
|
$881M | 6.02% | $349M | $533M | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
Czech Republic
|
$508M | 3.47% | $311M | $197M | Machinery & equipment | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
Poland
|
$490M | 3.35% | $113M | $377M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Russia
|
$327M | 2.24% | $107M | $220M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 10 |
France
|
$298M | 2.03% | $53.6M | $244M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Machinery & equipment |
Top 10 exports
|
Moldova
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Transport & tourism services | $1.33B | 112/191 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $1.2B | 69/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $763M | 86/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $658M | 77/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $596M | 97/192 |
| IT & IP services | $515M | 80/185 |
| Manufacturing & construction services | $265M | 66/166 |
| Business & finance services | $195M | 117/189 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $178M | 140/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $141M | 107/193 |
Top 10 imports
|
Moldova
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $2.99B | 110/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $2.82B | 103/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $1.29B | 116/191 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.24B | 106/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.03B | 98/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $797M | 116/193 |
| Metals | $562M | 117/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $488M | 115/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $436M | 94/193 |
| Wood & paper products | $346M | 94/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Moldova
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 58.1 | 112/197 |
| Property rights | 40.4 | 123/182 |
| Government integrity | 45.1 | 79/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 32.4 | 120/182 |
| Tax burden | 87.9 | 43/182 |
| Government spending | 57.2 | 126/180 |
| Fiscal health | 70.3 | 102/181 |
| Business freedom | 68.3 | 79/182 |
| Labor freedom | 48.1 | 148/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 66 | 147/180 |
| Trade freedom | 76.8 | 65/181 |
| Investment freedom | 55 | 96/181 |
| Financial freedom | 50 | 92/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 58.1 | 32.4 | 87.9 | 57.2 | 70.3 |
| 2025 | 58.3 | 31.3 | 92.8 | 59.5 | 75.9 |
| 2024 | 57.1 | 30.4 | 93 | 61.3 | 75.7 |
| 2023 | 58.5 | 35.6 | 93.4 | 64.4 | 82.1 |
| 2022 | 61.3 | 30.7 | 94.1 | 68.1 | 87.2 |
| 2021 | 62.5 | 29.9 | 94 | 71 | 96.5 |
| 2020 | 62 | 31.7 | 86.1 | 71.6 | 96.2 |
| 2019 | 59.1 | 29.6 | 85.4 | 59.1 | 92 |
| 2018 | 58.4 | 26.3 | 85.3 | 56.7 | 90 |
| 2017 | 58 | 23.9 | 86.1 | 54.8 | 90.6 |
| 2016 | 57.4 | - | 85.4 | 55.6 | - |
| 2015 | 57.5 | - | 85.1 | 51.8 | - |
| 2014 | 57.3 | - | 85.8 | 54.4 | - |
| 2013 | 55.5 | - | 87.2 | 50.1 | - |
| 2012 | 54.4 | - | 86.5 | 38.7 | - |
| 2011 | 55.7 | - | 85.6 | 48.1 | - |
| 2010 | 53.7 | - | 85.1 | 43 | - |
| 2009 | 54.9 | - | 85.3 | 51.3 | - |
| 2008 | 57.9 | - | 83 | 56.9 | - |
| 2007 | 58.7 | - | 85.6 | 62.8 | - |
| 2006 | 58 | - | 81.9 | 66.1 | - |
| 2005 | 57.4 | - | 84.5 | 68.5 | - |
| 2004 | 57.1 | - | 81.5 | 74.2 | - |
| 2003 | 60 | - | 81.3 | 78.6 | - |
| 2002 | 57.4 | - | 78.2 | 76.5 | - |
| 2001 | 54.9 | - | 54.5 | 76.5 | - |
| 2000 | 59.6 | - | 55.8 | 85.5 | - |
| 1999 | 56.1 | - | 58.5 | 55.1 | - |
| 1998 | 53.5 | - | 57.7 | 52.7 | - |
| 1997 | 48.9 | - | 59 | 45.6 | - |
| 1996 | 52.5 | - | 75.1 | 72.1 | - |
| 1995 | 33 | - | 37.3 | 72.1 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/moldova | CC BY
Moldova is ranked 100/174 for economic freedom with a score of 58.1, compared to 85/162 and a score of 58 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Moldova
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
61.5%
2025 |
66/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
16.9%
2025 |
149/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
7.38%
2025 |
91/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$19B
2025 |
133/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$19,990
2025 |
94/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$6.01B
2025 |
97/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$360M
2025 |
93/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$458M
2024 |
120/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$98.4M
2024 |
85/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
6.22%
2024 |
38/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
31.6%
2023 |
58/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
24.2%
2025 |
79/179 |
Compare Moldova vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/moldova | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.