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Economy of Fiji vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Fiji has a GDP of $6.2B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 161/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Fiji has $4.88B in government debt (78.7% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Fiji vs Norway GDP by year

Fiji
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Fiji Norway
2025 $6,198,013,062 $530,755,719,439
2024 $5,968,125,909 $500,886,328,034
2023 $5,476,673,518 $502,197,633,323
2022 $4,977,861,886 $617,321,834,099
2021 $4,158,873,156 $521,592,200,233
2020 $4,227,719,873 $382,252,517,922
2019 $5,344,907,153 $424,244,886,364
2018 $5,581,425,327 $454,588,871,811
2017 $5,353,469,174 $415,673,181,543
2016 $4,930,213,644 $383,284,047,619
2015 $4,682,479,894 $400,669,174,331
2014 $4,857,104,769 $515,829,568,897
2013 $4,189,967,999 $540,132,255,319
2012 $3,972,028,104 $525,082,939,407
2011 $3,779,411,899 $512,868,581,628
2010 $3,140,166,713 $440,132,138,425
2009 $2,870,624,636 $395,664,488,017
2008 $3,523,185,920 $472,060,283,688
2007 $3,378,314,600 $407,813,774,161
2006 $3,076,305,453 $349,773,283,645
2005 $2,980,403,845 $311,417,306,946
2004 $2,708,078,477 $265,662,977,688
2003 $2,300,492,465 $229,192,678,173
2002 $1,833,279,985 $195,359,978,957
2001 $1,652,462,023 $173,590,978,347
2000 $1,678,219,508 $170,620,327,660
1999 $1,936,459,986 $161,304,620,987
1998 $1,653,146,717 $152,955,958,172
1997 $2,090,221,137 $160,013,571,974
1996 $2,128,696,644 $162,427,517,132
1995 $1,970,301,486 $151,083,627,983
1994 $1,825,732,093 $126,324,387,894
1993 $1,636,101,247 $119,841,699,440
1992 $1,532,411,039 $129,998,873,602
1991 $1,383,883,250 $121,149,331,318
1990 $1,337,017,559 $119,344,377,526
1989 $1,182,660,266 $102,226,808,603
1988 $1,110,009,523 $101,497,621,605
1987 $1,177,947,965 $93,913,320,965
1986 $1,290,267,340 $78,438,205,742
1985 $1,141,168,944 $65,211,464,198
1984 $1,178,000,678 $61,866,078,539
1983 $1,123,085,190 $61,417,685,434
1982 $1,194,059,943 $62,453,362,256
1981 $1,235,626,771 $63,392,804,251
1980 $1,202,618,816 $64,176,789,764
1979 $1,019,691,460 $52,935,763,512
1978 $829,267,889 $46,355,988,784
1977 $719,501,766 $41,362,637,363
1976 $694,540,806 $35,815,449,464
1975 $684,282,434 $32,742,543,381
1974 $558,587,097 $27,033,413,362
1973 $425,950,488 $22,433,660,550
1972 $316,656,649 $17,283,931,878
1971 $247,749,328 $14,523,306,736
1970 $219,878,482 $12,753,503,479
1969 $182,182,068 $11,083,505,596
1968 $166,952,937 $10,178,705,992
1967 $162,625,886 $9,532,076,026
1966 $150,603,926 $8,712,528,095
1965 $147,084,750 $8,073,570,566
1964 $140,032,741 $7,172,430,304
1963 $129,454,729 $6,522,268,053
1962 $122,906,435 $6,078,186,245
1961 $116,987,785 $5,642,867,672
1960 $112,328,422 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Fiji vs Norway by year

Fiji
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Fiji Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $6,642 - $94,594 -
2024 $6,426 $15,450 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $5,926 $14,644 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $5,414 $12,982 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $4,537 $10,322 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $4,621 $10,716 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $5,842 $12,978 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $6,085 $12,984 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $5,827 $12,585 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $5,364 $11,766 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $5,098 $11,519 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $5,293 $10,516 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $4,572 $8,842 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $4,341 $8,204 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $4,140 $7,672 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $3,449 $7,339 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $3,164 $7,068 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $3,900 $7,154 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $3,763 $6,990 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $3,455 $6,921 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $3,378 $6,652 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $3,097 $6,463 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $2,656 $6,033 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $2,137 $5,914 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $1,945 $5,699 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $1,996 $5,521 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $2,328 $5,552 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $2,010 $5,090 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $2,574 $5,031 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $2,648 $5,109 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $2,467 $4,818 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $2,297 $4,627 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $2,070 $4,334 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $1,951 $4,172 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $1,775 $3,873 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $1,729 $3,882 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $1,543 - $24,185 -
1988 $1,463 - $24,112 -
1987 $1,569 - $22,430 -
1986 $1,745 - $18,822 -
1985 $1,577 - $15,704 -
1984 $1,667 - $14,943 -
1983 $1,628 - $14,877 -
1982 $1,773 - $15,178 -
1981 $1,879 - $15,463 -
1980 $1,873 - $15,708 -
1979 $1,627 - $12,998 -
1978 $1,355 - $11,421 -
1977 $1,204 - $10,230 -
1976 $1,186 - $8,896 -
1975 $1,188 - $8,171 -
1974 $984 - $6,783 -
1973 $762 - $5,664 -
1972 $575 - $4,395 -
1971 $458 - $3,721 -
1970 $414 - $3,291 -
1969 $350 - $2,881 -
1968 $327 - $2,667 -
1967 $326 - $2,519 -
1966 $310 - $2,321 -
1965 $311 - $2,168 -
1964 $306 - $1,941 -
1963 $291.4 - $1,779 -
1962 $285.5 - $1,670 -
1961 $280.3 - $1,563 -
1960 $277.4 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/norway | CC BY

Fiji's GDP per capita is $6,642, ranking 106/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Fiji ranks 113th at $15,450, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Fiji Norway
Gross domestic product
$6.2B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
161/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
3.2%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$6,642
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
106/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,450
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
113/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$4.88B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
78.7%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,227
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
82/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,553
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2019
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2019
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.5%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
-1.38%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0.25%
2020
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
5.36%
2024
4.5%
2025
Population
939479
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Fiji
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Fiji Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.5% 78.7% 49.6% 45%
2024 30.8% 79.1% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 30.2% 82.9% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 33.9% 91.5% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 35.8% 86.7% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 32.7% 65.8% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 30.7% 49.5% 48.4% 39%
2018 32.5% 45.8% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 28.1% 43.4% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 32.1% 44.6% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 30.6% 44.3% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 30.2% 46.2% 44% 28.8%
2013 25.9% 47.4% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 26% 48.6% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 26.5% 51% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 25.5% 53.4% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 26.2% 51.5% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 22.8% 47.9% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 23.5% 46.4% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 25.4% 50.3% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 24% 45.3% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 24.7% 45.9% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 26.7% 46.4% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 28.1% 44.5% 46.3% 34%
2001 27% 41.9% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 24.2% 35.9% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 24.6% 34.7% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 27.7% 37.9% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 29.2% 54.4% 45.9% 26%
1996 27.2% 50.3% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 23.5% 49.1% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 24.9% 48.8% 49.7% 51%
1993 26.7% 45.9% 50.5% 54%
1992 27.1% 44.3% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 - - 50.3% 39.5%
1990 - - 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Fiji's government spending was $1.95B, accounting for 31.5% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 78.7% in Fiji and 45% in Norway, ranking 45/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Fiji

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Fiji Norway
2025 -2.46% 9.34%
2024 -3.44% 12.8%
2023 -7.15% 15.9%
2022 -12.3% 24.7%
2021 -14.2% 9.93%
2020 -8.34% -2.46%
2019 -3.65% 6.28%
2018 -4.82% 7.56%
2017 -2.28% 4.79%
2016 -5.7% 3.91%
2015 -3.91% 5.8%
2014 -3.48% 8.34%
2013 -0.08% 10.3%
2012 -0.68% 13.4%
2011 -0.72% 13%
2010 -1.29% 10.6%
2009 -2.76% 10%
2008 1.56% 18.3%
2007 0.36% 16.8%
2006 -0.76% 17.7%
2005 -1.18% 14.7%
2004 -0.98% 10.8%
2003 -3.46% 7.21%
2002 -3.68% 9.05%
2001 -4.5% 13.2%
2000 -1.33% 15.1%
1999 1.17% 5.75%
1998 5.4% 3.09%
1997 -4.5% 7.41%
1996 -3.46% 6.05%
1995 0.78% 2.98%
1994 -0.2% 0.04%
1993 -1.9% -1.65%
1992 -2.25% -2.08%
1991 - -0.12%
1990 - 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Fiji's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $153M, equivalent to 2.46% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Fiji recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 3 years. On average, Fiji posted an annual deficit equal to 2.83% of GDP, compared to surplus of 9.08% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Fiji

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Fiji Norway
2025 -1.38% 3.06%
2024 3.89% 3.15%
2023 2.98% 5.52%
2022 6.08% 5.76%
2021 1.53% 3.48%
2020 -1.7% 1.29%
2019 1.79% 2.17%
2018 4.08% 2.76%
2017 3.35% 1.88%
2016 3.86% 3.55%
2015 1.37% 2.17%
2014 0.52% 2.04%
2013 2.91% 2.12%
2012 3.42% 0.7%
2011 7.28% 1.28%
2010 3.69% 2.42%
2009 3.13% 2.2%
2008 7.73% 3.75%
2007 4.8% 0.71%
2006 2.49% 2.33%
2005 2.37% 1.53%
2004 2.83% 0.45%
2003 4.17% 2.49%
2002 0.76% 1.29%
2001 4.27% 3%
2000 1.09% 3.09%
1999 1.97% 2.37%
1998 5.71% 2.25%
1997 3.37% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Fiji has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.05%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was -1.38% in Fiji and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Fiji
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $14K
Machinery & equipment $11K
Wood & paper products $6K
Norway
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $77K
Machinery & equipment $21K
Metals $19K
Miscellaneous $5K
Chemicals & pharma $4K
Raw materials & minerals $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Fiji Norway
Current account balance
-$464M
2024
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
104/190
2024
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.78%
2024
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$2.86B
2024
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$1.13B
2024
$177B
2025
Service imports
$996M
2024
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$2.12B
2024
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
64.6%
2024
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.4%
2024
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Fiji Norway
Economic freedom 59.5 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 103/197 9/197
Property rights 59.9 99.6
Government integrity 55.4 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 96.4
Tax burden 87.8 63.3
Government spending 70 42
Fiscal health 7.5 96.4
Business freedom 69.5 91.2
Labor freedom 66.9 69.3
Monetary freedom 72.4 72.4
Trade freedom 66.6 85.6
Investment freedom 55 75
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Fiji
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Fiji Norway
2026 59.5 78.8
2025 59.1 78.3
2024 58 77.5
2023 58 76.9
2022 56.4 76.9
2021 62.2 73.4
2020 63.4 73.4
2019 62.2 73
2018 62 74.3
2017 63.4 74
2016 58.8 70.8
2015 59 71.8
2014 58.7 70.9
2013 57.2 70.5
2012 57.3 68.8
2011 60.4 70.3
2010 60.3 69.4
2009 61 70.2
2008 61.8 68.6
2007 60.8 67.9
2006 58.4 67.9
2005 58.2 64.5
2004 58 66.2
2003 54.7 67.2
2002 53.9 67.4
2001 53.7 67.1
2000 57.8 70.1
1999 58.4 68.6
1998 58.2 68
1997 58 65.1
1996 57.4 65.4
1995 54.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Fiji is 59.5, ranking 103/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Fiji Norway
Services, % of GDP
57%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
13.9%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$5.81B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$15,360
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.66B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
130/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$178M
2024
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$204M
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.6M
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.36%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31%
2020
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.