Sudan ranked 94/197 by economy size with a GDP of $49.7B and 179/197 by GDP per capita at $985. Sudan has $130B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 261.4%.
In 2024, Sudan made up 0.04% of the world's economy, compared to 0.08% in 1960.
Sudan GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $49,672,435,513 | -14% |
| 2023 | $39,898,289,821 | -29.4% |
| 2022 | $51,666,875,363 | -0.96% |
| 2021 | $34,229,513,775 | -1.87% |
| 2020 | $27,034,593,750 | -3.63% |
| 2019 | $32,338,079,165 | -2.18% |
| 2018 | $32,333,780,383 | -2.68% |
| 2017 | $41,283,617,976 | 0.71% |
| 2016 | $42,630,376,000 | 3.47% |
| 2015 | $51,726,758,677 | 1.91% |
| 2014 | $49,516,748,618 | 4.66% |
| 2013 | $43,024,018,082 | 1.96% |
| 2012 | $37,632,919,967 | -17% |
| 2011 | $55,018,567,211 | -3.21% |
| 2010 | $58,962,978,034 | 3.86% |
| 2009 | $51,621,044,077 | -2.77% |
| 2008 | $64,833,083,257 | 3.85% |
| 2007 | $59,440,139,775 | 5.74% |
| 2006 | $45,263,831,634 | 6.53% |
| 2005 | $35,182,711,988 | 5.64% |
| 2004 | $26,646,007,251 | 5.14% |
| 2003 | $21,355,298,460 | 6.29% |
| 2002 | $18,137,128,388 | 6.01% |
| 2001 | $15,716,361,792 | 6.5% |
| 2000 | $12,257,299,147 | 6.35% |
| 1999 | $10,682,028,340 | 3.1% |
| 1998 | $11,250,221,537 | 4.31% |
| 1997 | $11,681,175,864 | 18.3% |
| 1996 | $9,018,300,725 | 5.92% |
| 1995 | $13,830,363,900 | 6% |
| 1994 | $12,793,794,737 | 1.01% |
| 1993 | $8,881,005,436 | 4.57% |
| 1992 | $7,031,933,492 | 6.58% |
| 1991 | $44,171,194,366 | 7.51% |
| 1990 | $33,641,222,222 | -5.47% |
| 1989 | $21,408,111,111 | 8.93% |
| 1988 | $14,372,555,556 | -0.33% |
| 1987 | $12,093,333,333 | 14.2% |
| 1986 | $10,092,200,000 | 5.41% |
| 1985 | $8,075,259,600 | -6.28% |
| 1984 | $10,447,615,385 | -5.01% |
| 1983 | $8,230,153,846 | 2.06% |
| 1982 | $8,732,542,274 | 5.96% |
| 1981 | $10,753,888,154 | 7.44% |
| 1980 | $8,951,800,000 | 1.52% |
| 1979 | $8,418,407,787 | -5.02% |
| 1978 | $8,128,719,315 | -5.93% |
| 1977 | $7,499,005,639 | 6.22% |
| 1976 | $6,013,210,816 | 16.7% |
| 1975 | $4,823,090,192 | 15.7% |
| 1974 | $3,958,931,660 | 11.4% |
| 1973 | $3,077,254,460 | 0.63% |
| 1972 | $2,483,055,722 | -5.07% |
| 1971 | $2,288,340,041 | 2.25% |
| 1970 | $2,100,229,759 | 5.93% |
| 1969 | $1,847,501,441 | 1.39% |
| 1968 | $1,677,771,401 | 1.96% |
| 1967 | $1,607,409,539 | 1.42% |
| 1966 | $1,484,491,676 | -3.58% |
| 1965 | $1,446,869,619 | 6.78% |
| 1964 | $1,388,282,600 | -1.12% |
| 1963 | $1,351,234,926 | -2.85% |
| 1962 | $1,328,259,625 | 6.92% |
| 1961 | $1,222,860,429 | 0.02% |
| 1960 | $1,126,364,162 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/sudan | CC BY 
Sudan GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $985 | $2,116 |
| 2023 | $797 | $2,421 |
| 2022 | $1,046 | $3,355 |
| 2021 | $712 | $3,249 |
| 2020 | $578 | $3,349 |
| 2019 | $710 | $3,914 |
| 2018 | $731 | $4,199 |
| 2017 | $967 | $4,252 |
| 2016 | $1,033 | $4,470 |
| 2015 | $1,292 | $4,217 |
| 2014 | $1,275 | $4,261 |
| 2013 | $1,139 | $3,725 |
| 2012 | $1,019 | $3,710 |
| 2011 | $1,522 | $4,112 |
| 2010 | $1,665 | $3,806 |
| 2009 | $1,493 | $3,732 |
| 2008 | $1,928 | $3,938 |
| 2007 | $1,814 | $3,836 |
| 2006 | $1,415 | $3,637 |
| 2005 | $1,125 | $3,407 |
| 2004 | $872 | $3,215 |
| 2003 | $714 | $3,058 |
| 2002 | $621 | $2,898 |
| 2001 | $551 | $2,769 |
| 2000 | $441 | $2,616 |
| 1999 | $394 | $2,475 |
| 1998 | $425 | $2,428 |
| 1997 | $453 | $2,358 |
| 1996 | $357 | $2,006 |
| 1995 | $561 | $1,902 |
| 1994 | $532 | $1,805 |
| 1993 | $379 | $1,794 |
| 1992 | $307 | $1,710 |
| 1991 | $1,966 | $1,599 |
| 1990 | $1,528 | $1,468 |
| 1989 | $992 | - |
| 1988 | $680 | - |
| 1987 | $584 | - |
| 1986 | $497 | - |
| 1985 | $406 | - |
| 1984 | $534 | - |
| 1983 | $431 | - |
| 1982 | $472 | - |
| 1981 | $605 | - |
| 1980 | $525 | - |
| 1979 | $515 | - |
| 1978 | $518 | - |
| 1977 | $497 | - |
| 1976 | $413 | - |
| 1975 | $343 | - |
| 1974 | $291.5 | - |
| 1973 | $235.8 | - |
| 1972 | $198.2 | - |
| 1971 | $189 | - |
| 1970 | $179.6 | - |
| 1969 | $163.5 | - |
| 1968 | $153.7 | - |
| 1967 | $152.4 | - |
| 1966 | $145.6 | - |
| 1965 | $146.8 | - |
| 1964 | $145.7 | - |
| 1963 | $146.6 | - |
| 1962 | $148.9 | - |
| 1961 | $141.6 | - |
| 1960 | $134.7 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/sudan | CC BY
Sudan has a GDP per capita of $985, ranking 179/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $2,116, ranking 185/197, and a median annual after tax income of $1,704, ranking 174/197.
Sudan GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | 93 | 168 | 169 |
| 2023 | 100 | 182 | 177 |
| 2022 | 87 | 171 | 163 |
| 2021 | 101 | 181 | 162 |
| 2020 | 104 | 185 | 157 |
| 2019 | 102 | 183 | 154 |
| 2018 | 102 | 182 | 148 |
| 2017 | 92 | 169 | 148 |
| 2016 | 88 | 166 | 144 |
| 2015 | 79 | 162 | 145 |
| 2014 | 85 | 163 | 142 |
| 2013 | 89 | 170 | 148 |
| 2012 | 90 | 171 | 142 |
| 2011 | 76 | 150 | 139 |
| 2010 | 69 | 144 | 139 |
| 2009 | 71 | 143 | 140 |
| 2008 | 66 | 136 | 137 |
| 2007 | 64 | 132 | 137 |
| 2006 | 67 | 134 | 137 |
| 2005 | 71 | 139 | 136 |
| 2004 | 72 | 145 | 135 |
| 2003 | 74 | 146 | 133 |
| 2002 | 74 | 147 | 137 |
| 2001 | 78 | 149 | 137 |
| 2000 | 84 | 160 | 137 |
| 1999 | 88 | 162 | 137 |
| 1998 | 85 | 158 | 134 |
| 1997 | 81 | 157 | 132 |
| 1996 | 89 | 166 | 136 |
| 1995 | 74 | 147 | 135 |
| 1994 | 74 | 140 | 133 |
| 1993 | 82 | 150 | 133 |
| 1992 | 89 | 159 | 137 |
| 1991 | 47 | 79 | 138 |
| 1990 | 53 | 92 | 141 |
| 1989 | 59 | 96 | - |
| 1988 | 60 | 118 | - |
| 1987 | 61 | 122 | - |
| 1986 | 62 | 120 | - |
| 1985 | 66 | 123 | - |
| 1984 | 61 | 118 | - |
| 1983 | 65 | 123 | - |
| 1982 | 63 | 124 | - |
| 1981 | 61 | 118 | - |
| 1980 | 64 | 122 | - |
| 1979 | 61 | 111 | - |
| 1978 | 58 | 107 | - |
| 1977 | 58 | 104 | - |
| 1976 | 60 | 103 | - |
| 1975 | 60 | 111 | - |
| 1974 | 63 | 111 | - |
| 1973 | 63 | 112 | - |
| 1972 | 62 | 115 | - |
| 1971 | 62 | 111 | - |
| 1970 | 62 | 111 | - |
| 1969 | 61 | 95 | - |
| 1968 | 58 | 95 | - |
| 1967 | 57 | 96 | - |
| 1966 | 57 | 94 | - |
| 1965 | 58 | 89 | - |
| 1964 | 55 | 84 | - |
| 1963 | 55 | 82 | - |
| 1962 | 56 | 78 | - |
| 1961 | 55 | 79 | - |
| 1960 | 55 | 78 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/sudan | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2024 Sudan is ranked 93rd out of 182 by GDP (down from 84th), 168th by GDP per capita (down from 160th), and 169th by GDP per capita PPP (down from 137th).
Economic indicators
Sudan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$49.7B
2024 |
94/197 |
| GDP growth |
-14%
2023-2024 |
193/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$985
2024 |
179/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$2,116
2024 |
185/197 |
| Government debt |
$130B
2024 |
54/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
261.4%
2024 |
1/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,574
2024 |
109/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,704
2026 |
174/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
27.8%
2014 |
83/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.2%
2014 |
48/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
6.39%
2024 |
194/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
138.8%
2021-2022 |
3/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
7.53%
2022 |
57/196 |
| Population |
53335233
|
30/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2024 | 6.39% | 261.4% | -3.46% |
| 2023 | 8.23% | 259.9% | -3.7% |
| 2022 | 17.9% | 186.9% | -2.15% |
| 2021 | 9.84% | 189.6% | -0.29% |
| 2020 | 10.9% | 278.3% | -6.03% |
| 2019 | 18.7% | 216.5% | -10.8% |
| 2018 | 16.8% | 209.8% | -7.92% |
| 2017 | 12.8% | 149.5% | -6.07% |
| 2016 | 9.98% | 109.9% | -3.92% |
| 2015 | 12.4% | 93.2% | -3.87% |
| 2014 | 13.5% | 84.4% | -4.72% |
| 2013 | 15.3% | 105.8% | -5.76% |
| 2012 | 16.5% | 117.7% | -7.37% |
| 2011 | 18.2% | 78.1% | -2.33% |
| 2010 | 17.4% | 74.6% | 0.11% |
| 2009 | 18.8% | 71% | -3.8% |
| 2008 | 19.7% | 55.8% | 0.49% |
| 2007 | 19.6% | 53.7% | -2.84% |
| 2006 | 18.8% | 63.7% | -1.32% |
| 2005 | 19.7% | 75.5% | -1.88% |
| 2004 | 16.5% | 97.8% | 0.16% |
| 2003 | 12.5% | 117.4% | 0.77% |
| 2002 | 10.5% | 121.7% | -0.69% |
| 2001 | 9.87% | 125.6% | -0.77% |
| 2000 | 10.4% | 143.2% | -0.7% |
| 1999 | 8.4% | 160.5% | -0.8% |
| 1998 | 7.79% | 179.7% | -0.56% |
| 1997 | 7.38% | 167.7% | -0.59% |
| 1996 | 9.31% | 220.9% | -2.61% |
| 1995 | 12.9% | 239% | -3.48% |
| 1994 | 19.6% | 386% | -3.03% |
| 1993 | 23.7% | 285.9% | -8.04% |
| 1992 | 50.4% | 495% | -24.5% |
| 1991 | 45.7% | - | -26.5% |
| 1990 | 31% | - | -16.2% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/sudan | CC BY
This chart shows Sudan's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 35 years, Sudan recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 4.72% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $3.17B (6.39% of GDP), with a deficit of 3.46%.
The national debt reached $130B, ranking 54th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 261.4%, ranking 1st.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 138.8% |
| 2021 | 359% |
| 2020 | 163.3% |
| 2019 | 51% |
| 2018 | 63.3% |
| 2017 | 32.4% |
| 2016 | 17.8% |
| 2015 | 16.9% |
| 2014 | 36.9% |
| 2013 | 36.5% |
| 2012 | 35.6% |
| 2011 | 18.1% |
| 2010 | 13% |
| 2009 | 11.3% |
| 2008 | 14.3% |
| 2007 | 14.8% |
| 2006 | 7.2% |
| 2005 | 8.51% |
| 2004 | 9.66% |
| 2003 | 6.49% |
| 2002 | 22.2% |
| 2001 | 1.94% |
| 2000 | 7.12% |
| 1999 | 17.2% |
| 1998 | 24.6% |
| 1997 | 47.2% |
| 1996 | 132.8% |
| 1995 | 68.4% |
| 1994 | 115.4% |
| 1993 | 101.4% |
| 1992 | 117.6% |
| 1991 | 123.6% |
| 1990 | 65.2% |
| 1989 | 66.7% |
| 1988 | 64.7% |
| 1987 | 20.6% |
| 1986 | 24.5% |
| 1985 | 45.4% |
| 1984 | 34.1% |
| 1983 | 30.6% |
| 1982 | 25.7% |
| 1981 | 24.6% |
| 1980 | 25.4% |
| 1979 | 31.1% |
| 1978 | 19.2% |
| 1977 | 17.1% |
| 1976 | 1.67% |
| 1975 | 24% |
| 1974 | 26.2% |
| 1973 | 15.3% |
| 1972 | 13.6% |
| 1971 | 1.3% |
| 1970 | 4.03% |
| 1969 | 12.6% |
| 1968 | -10% |
| 1967 | 11% |
| 1966 | 1.71% |
| 1965 | -2.45% |
| 1964 | 3.95% |
| 1963 | 4.69% |
| 1962 | 1.66% |
| 1961 | 8.76% |
| 1960 | 0.09% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2022, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/sudan | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Sudan has had an average annual inflation rate of 52.7%. In 2022, inflation was 138.8%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Sudan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$4.44B
2022 |
165/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-8.6%
2022 |
159/190 |
| Goods imports |
$9.99B
2022 |
109/189 |
| Goods exports |
$4.36B
2022 |
125/189 |
| Service imports |
$1.59B
2022 |
130/189 |
| Service exports |
$1.55B
2022 |
114/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
1.27%
2024 |
181/181 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
0.72%
2024 |
193/193 |
Sudan top 10 trading partners
Sudan's biggest trading partner accounting for 18.3% of all exports and imports is China, with a trade balance between the two of -$1.09B: Sudan exports $736M worth of goods and services to China and imports $1.82B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Sudan.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
China
|
$2.56B | 18.3% | $736M | $1.82B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 2 |
UAE
|
$1.78B | 12.7% | $994M | $787M | Precious metals & jewellery | Raw materials & minerals |
| 3 |
Saudi Arabia
|
$1.66B | 11.8% | $588M | $1.07B | Animal & marine products | Raw materials & minerals |
| 4 |
Russia
|
$1.58B | 11.3% | $830K | $1.58B | Machinery & equipment | Raw agricultural goods |
| 5 |
Egypt
|
$1.04B | 7.42% | $580M | $460M | Animal & marine products | Chemicals & pharma |
| 6 |
India
|
$971M | 6.93% | $97.3M | $874M | Raw agricultural goods | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 7 |
Japan
|
$550M | 3.93% | $2.2M | $548M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
Turkey
|
$454M | 3.24% | $72M | $382M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Germany
|
$297M | 2.12% | $13.3M | $283M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 10 |
South Korea
|
$281M | 2% | $3.8M | $277M | Metals | Machinery & equipment |
Top 10 exports
|
Sudan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Transport & tourism services | $1.5B | 104/188 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $1.03B | 68/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $911M | 69/190 |
| Animal & marine products | $856M | 60/192 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $511M | 121/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $159M | 113/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $56.6M | 137/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $52M | 142/192 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $29.1M | 118/180 |
| Business & finance services | $23.8M | 154/188 |
Top 10 imports
|
Sudan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $3B | 108/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $2.06B | 56/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $1.76B | 123/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $1.15B | 118/188 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.06B | 110/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $1B | 99/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $750M | 109/193 |
| Metals | $419M | 129/193 |
| Wood & paper products | $256M | 111/193 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $204M | 49/180 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Sudan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 32.5 | 191/197 |
| Property rights | 6.5 | 173/182 |
| Government integrity | 13.8 | 169/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 2.4 | 180/182 |
| Tax burden | 84.7 | 57/182 |
| Government spending | 96.5 | 2/180 |
| Fiscal health | 64.6 | 110/181 |
| Business freedom | 27.3 | 178/182 |
| Labor freedom | 33.6 | 176/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 6.2 | 176/180 |
| Trade freedom | 29.6 | 180/181 |
| Investment freedom | 5 | 177/181 |
| Financial freedom | 20 | 170/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 32.5 | 2.4 | 84.7 | 96.5 | 64.6 |
| 2025 | 35.3 | 4 | 84.7 | 95.7 | 73.5 |
| 2024 | 33.9 | 4.8 | 85 | 95.1 | 66.5 |
| 2023 | 32.8 | 15.7 | 85.2 | 94.9 | 28.5 |
| 2022 | 32 | 13.2 | 84.9 | 92.9 | 0 |
| 2021 | 39.1 | 19.7 | 84.9 | 91.9 | 0 |
| 2020 | 45 | 20.8 | 86.1 | 94.5 | 12.4 |
| 2019 | 47.7 | 22.2 | 86.3 | 96.6 | 76.1 |
| 2018 | 49.4 | 21.4 | 85.9 | 95.3 | 87.2 |
| 2017 | 48.8 | 19.8 | 86.5 | 95.1 | 85.5 |
| 2016 | - | - | 86.4 | 94.8 | - |
| 2015 | - | - | 86.4 | 94.5 | - |
| 2014 | - | - | 85.1 | 90.3 | - |
| 2013 | - | - | - | 89.9 | - |
| 2012 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2011 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2010 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2009 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2008 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2007 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2006 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2005 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2004 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2003 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2002 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2001 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2000 | 47.2 | - | 74.7 | 90.1 | - |
| 1999 | 39.6 | - | 33 | 78.8 | - |
| 1998 | 38.3 | - | 32.9 | 82.7 | - |
| 1997 | 39.9 | - | 32.8 | 86.5 | - |
| 1996 | 39.2 | - | 32.9 | 74.6 | - |
| 1995 | 39.4 | - | 33.3 | 74.6 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).
GeoRank.org/economy/sudan | CC BY
Sudan is ranked 171/174 for economic freedom with a score of 32.5, compared to 131/159 and a score of 47.2 in 2000.
Other economic metrics
|
Sudan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
54.7%
2024 |
109/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
23.2%
2024 |
105/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
22.2%
2024 |
30/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$35.8B
2024 |
102/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$2,050
2024 |
180/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$178M
2017 |
171/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$574M
2022 |
104/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$548M
2023 |
114/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$0
2024 |
162/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
0.42%
2024 |
116/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
46.5%
2020 |
29/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
2.89%
2024 |
176/178 |
Compare Sudan vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/sudan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- TradeMap (2018–2022, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.