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Chile's economy ranking: GDP & GDP per capita, debt

Updated on by Georank team

Chile ranked 46/197 by economy size with a GDP of $330B and 65/197 by GDP per capita at $16,710. Chile has $139B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 43%.

In 2025, Chile made up 0.3% of the world's economy, compared to 0.31% in 1960.

The chart below shows GDP in nominal terms, GDP adjusted for inflation (in constant dollars), and a bar chart of year-over-year inflation-adjusted growth.

GDP, current $
GDP, constant 2015 $
GDP growth
Year GDP GDP growth
Current $ Constant $
1960 $4,211,103,677 $26,275,664,125 -
1961 $4,948,564,551 $27,725,978,495 17.5%
1962 $5,765,971,144 $28,815,827,040 16.5%
1963 $5,702,520,146 $30,454,488,579 -1.1%
1964 $6,065,708,668 $31,204,014,437 6.37%
1965 $6,183,988,944 $31,413,343,022 1.95%
1966 $7,256,882,086 $35,014,387,052 17.3%
1967 $7,145,068,068 $36,270,742,032 -1.54%
1968 $7,286,820,526 $37,566,955,711 1.98%
1969 $8,456,519,044 $39,108,395,437 16.1%
1970 $9,261,006,540 $39,771,076,474 9.51%
1971 $10,999,807,567 $43,577,595,610 18.8%
1972 $12,057,501,635 $43,267,163,670 9.62%
1973 $17,237,336,173 $41,087,469,486 43%
1974 $16,584,311,220 $41,600,890,292 -3.79%
1975 $7,812,161,793 $36,494,895,964 -52.9%
1976 $10,523,479,089 $37,810,425,598 34.7%
1977 $14,272,711,437 $42,025,983,482 35.6%
1978 $16,373,093,554 $45,399,335,594 14.7%
1979 $22,249,574,628 $49,229,142,624 35.9%
1980 $29,586,676,576 $53,252,287,646 33%
1981 $35,180,322,211 $56,830,116,589 18.9%
1982 $19,710,229,067 $50,293,481,314 -44%
1983 $20,629,678,694 $47,811,382,483 4.66%
1984 $19,974,595,028 $49,716,049,397 -3.18%
1985 $17,933,557,360 $51,482,161,644 -10.2%
1986 $19,197,818,085 $54,265,063,039 7.05%
1987 $22,605,488,851 $57,921,900,186 17.8%
1988 $26,174,858,614 $62,179,629,421 15.8%
1989 $30,101,767,991 $68,620,417,336 15%
1990 $33,428,580,448 $71,089,876,110 11.1%
1991 $38,232,330,917 $76,603,750,426 14.4%
1992 $46,538,895,686 $85,414,661,278 21.7%
1993 $49,934,943,321 $91,125,130,549 7.3%
1994 $57,438,273,591 $95,751,374,591 15%
1995 $73,820,425,702 $104,613,573,720 28.5%
1996 $78,584,098,984 $112,056,685,780 6.45%
1997 $85,741,415,285 $120,339,623,826 9.11%
1998 $81,990,010,704 $125,370,887,065 -4.38%
1999 $75,578,685,736 $125,027,832,954 -7.82%
2000 $78,339,750,721 $131,243,743,563 3.65%
2001 $71,574,739,561 $135,383,217,072 -8.64%
2002 $70,264,045,939 $139,719,269,577 -1.83%
2003 $76,492,579,644 $146,318,553,367 8.86%
2004 $99,075,985,774 $156,084,225,514 29.5%
2005 $122,294,145,163 $165,194,933,118 23.4%
2006 $153,843,518,171 $175,189,211,416 25.8%
2007 $172,491,076,034 $184,243,394,523 12.1%
2008 $179,894,594,475 $191,225,100,461 4.29%
2009 $171,777,900,624 $189,087,132,633 -4.51%
2010 $217,051,209,239 $200,151,851,762 26.4%
2011 $251,382,573,894 $212,609,096,429 15.8%
2012 $267,024,782,487 $225,695,909,225 6.22%
2013 $277,395,018,842 $233,163,076,995 3.88%
2014 $259,560,978,224 $237,342,873,662 -6.43%
2015 $242,450,355,831 $242,450,355,831 -6.59%
2016 $249,344,863,928 $246,700,604,516 2.84%
2017 $276,154,259,981 $250,050,047,210 10.8%
2018 $295,857,562,992 $260,027,117,803 7.13%
2019 $278,285,058,719 $261,676,645,417 -5.94%
2020 $254,042,159,309 $245,600,606,669 -8.71%
2021 $315,325,547,162 $273,390,120,031 24.1%
2022 $301,226,575,540 $279,278,925,616 -4.47%
2023 $335,518,054,098 $280,734,996,501 11.4%
2024 $330,267,137,372 $288,158,504,435 -1.57%

Economic Statistics of Chile

Chile Rank
Gross domestic product
$330B
2024
46/197
GDP growth
-1.57%
2023-2024
180/196
GDP per capita
$16,710
2024
65/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$34,637
2024
64/197
Government debt
$139B
2024
50/185
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43%
2025
126/185
Government debt per person
$7,015
2024
69/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,593
2025
76/197
Listed domestic companies
437
2024
19/103
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$262B
2024
30/100
Number of millionaires
81,274
2024
30/34
Millionaire frequency
1 in 187
2024
24/34
Number of billionaires
6
2025
40/78
Billionaire frequency
1 in 2,532,887
2025
52/78
Income share by richest 10%
34.5%
2022
17/169
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2022
113/169
Government expenditure, % of GDP
26.6%
2025
118/195
Consumer prices inflation
4.3%
2023-2024
66/195
Central bank interest rate
4.75%
2025
61/105
Unemployment rate
8.76%
2024
45/196
Population
19928941
66/197

Chile's GDP per capita

Chile has a GDP per capita of $16,710, ranking 65/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $34,637, ranking 64/197, and a median annual after tax income of $9,593, ranking 76/197.

GDP per capita
GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $516 -
1961 $594 -
1962 $679 -
1963 $658 -
1964 $686 -
1965 $686 -
1966 $790 -
1967 $764 -
1968 $766 -
1969 $874 -
1970 $941 -
1971 $1,099 -
1972 $1,185 -
1973 $1,667 -
1974 $1,579 -
1975 $732 -
1976 $971 -
1977 $1,297 -
1978 $1,465 -
1979 $1,962 -
1980 $2,571 -
1981 $3,012 -
1982 $1,663 -
1983 $1,715 -
1984 $1,636 -
1985 $1,447 -
1986 $1,525 -
1987 $1,767 -
1988 $2,014 -
1989 $2,278 -
1990 $2,488 $4,445
1991 $2,798 $4,886
1992 $3,352 $5,563
1993 $3,541 $6,061
1994 $4,012 $6,476
1995 $5,081 $7,232
1996 $5,334 $7,895
1997 $5,742 $8,511
1998 $5,420 $8,850
1999 $4,934 $8,839
2000 $5,053 $9,376
2001 $4,564 $9,776
2002 $4,431 $10,133
2003 $4,773 $10,709
2004 $6,121 $11,612
2005 $7,480 $12,550
2006 $9,319 $15,511
2007 $10,346 $16,698
2008 $10,683 $16,376
2009 $10,099 $15,951
2010 $12,633 $17,918
2011 $14,487 $20,122
2012 $15,242 $21,366
2013 $15,684 $22,201
2014 $14,530 $22,554
2015 $13,434 $22,458
2016 $13,650 $23,257
2017 $14,880 $24,295
2018 $15,659 $25,305
2019 $14,496 $25,612
2020 $13,115 $25,351
2021 $16,207 $29,090
2022 $15,406 $30,820
2023 $17,067 $32,801
2024 $16,710 $34,637

Chile's government spending, deficit, and chart

This chart shows Chile's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.

Over the past 50 years, Chile recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 years — average annual surplus equal to +0.28% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $87.5B (26.6% of GDP), with a deficit of -2.01%.

The national debt reached $139B, ranking 50th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 43%, ranking 126th.

Government spending
Government debt
Deficit/surplus
Year % of GDP
Government spending Government debt Government deficit/surplus
1810 3.76% - 3.64%
1811 3.76% - 3.24%
1812 3.67% - 2.79%
1813 3.52% - 2.34%
1814 3.34% - 1.91%
1815 3.16% - 1.53%
1816 3% - 1.21%
1817 2.89% - 0.94%
1818 2.79% - 1.52%
1819 2.85% - 0.16%
1820 2.85% - 0.64%
1821 3.04% - -0.19%
1822 3.12% - 1.28%
1823 3.28% - 0.98%
1824 3.54% - -0.37%
1825 3.61% - 0.05%
1826 3.75% - -0.08%
1827 3.85% 8.32% 0.07%
1828 3.94% 8.38% -0.3%
1829 3.92% 9.13% -0.06%
1830 3.95% 8.97% -0.51%
1831 3.94% 8.67% -0.77%
1832 4.08% 8.7% -0.57%
1833 4.24% 8.77% -0.45%
1834 4.34% 8.21% -0.39%
1835 4.72% 8.38% -0.58%
1836 3.93% 7.42% -0.17%
1837 4.48% 8.13% -0.05%
1838 3.99% 8.1% -0.21%
1839 3.43% 8.02% 0.25%
1840 3.95% 7.57% 0.34%
1841 3.85% 7.74% 0.31%
1842 3.86% 12.9% 1.1%
1843 4.59% 13.6% 0.69%
1844 4.86% 12.8% 0.48%
1845 5.12% 11.9% -0.21%
1846 4.76% 10.9% 0.36%
1847 4.7% 9.78% 0.04%
1848 5.44% 11.1% -0.25%
1849 5.37% 10.6% 0.6%
1850 5.63% 9.52% 0.35%
1851 6.4% 9.25% -0.39%
1852 6.25% 8.78% 0.68%
1853 5.75% 7.2% 0.27%
1854 6.09% 6.8% -0.2%
1855 5.59% 6.08% 0.1%
1856 5.67% 5.91% 0.11%
1857 5.58% 5.38% -0.3%
1858 6.71% 11.1% -1.37%
1859 6.86% 10.1% -1.6%
1860 5.52% 9.01% -0.07%
1861 4.95% 8.89% -0.5%
1862 4.61% 8.41% -0.13%
1863 4.81% 9.76% -0.26%
1864 5.42% 8.16% -1.07%
1865 7.19% 12.8% -1.95%
1866 9.76% 16.3% -5.72%
1867 10.4% 25.4% -4.31%
1868 8.88% 25% -2.85%
1869 7.81% 25% -1.07%
1870 8.02% 26.4% -1.83%
1871 7.7% 24.7% -2.38%
1872 7.3% 21.6% -1.78%
1873 7.3% 25% -1.94%
1874 10.3% 25.7% -4.75%
1875 9.28% 25.1% -3.73%
1876 8.6% 27.4% -3.17%
1877 8.33% 26.9% -3.88%
1878 6.74% 29.3% -2.27%
1879 8.43% 30.2% -4.34%
1880 8.42% 32.3% -2%
1881 9.14% 32.8% -1.83%
1882 11.1% 29% -2.86%
1883 12.3% 28% -3.57%
1884 11.5% 28.5% -3.23%
1885 9.38% 26.6% -2.46%
1886 12% 26.5% -5.17%
1887 12.3% 26.4% -4%
1888 10.1% 26.1% -0.58%
1889 12.9% 27.6% -2.71%
1890 14.2% 24.2% -3.65%
1891 13.7% 23.9% -6.72%
1892 10.6% 26% -1.33%
1893 7.81% 25.1% -0.59%
1894 8.36% 28.1% 0.82%
1895 11.9% 25.3% -2.31%
1896 15.5% 30.5% -5.36%
1897 11.2% 29.1% -1.78%
1898 12% 29.9% -3.84%
1899 11.3% 29.2% -0.78%
1900 11.6% 26.3% -1.89%
1901 13.4% 26.4% -3.93%
1902 12.7% 24.7% -3.65%
1903 11.7% 27.6% -1.35%
1904 12.6% 23.2% -1.6%
1905 12.1% 26.9% -1.31%
1906 14.5% 30.7% -2.8%
1907 14.4% 29.9% -2.39%
1908 11.5% 26.4% -0.84%
1909 11.9% 26.6% -2.26%
1910 12.8% 24.9% -3.17%
1911 13.2% 32% -3.32%
1912 14.9% 30% -3.29%
1913 12.3% 27.2% -2.23%
1914 11.9% 32.7% -2.67%
1915 10.1% 30.3% -2.13%
1916 7.91% 24.1% 0.98%
1917 6.84% 18% 0.49%
1918 6.79% 15.3% 0.71%
1919 7.32% 20.6% -2.53%
1920 8.76% 17.9% -1.8%
1921 11% 36% -0.57%
1922 10.8% 35.2% -0.23%
1923 9.54% 26.5% 2.87%
1924 9.65% 26.5% 3.68%
1925 10.7% 21.5% 2.44%
1926 14% 28.1% -3.23%
1927 13.2% 29% -0.17%
1928 11.8% 29.1% 4.11%
1929 11% 28.8% 1.89%
1930 13.9% 42.7% 1.47%
1931 16.5% 97.4% -2.73%
1932 9.65% 207.6% -0.32%
1933 11.8% 147.2% 1.76%
1934 10.4% 87.7% 2.42%
1935 13% 80.7% 4.23%
1936 12.6% 67% 2.62%
1937 11.5% 56.4% 1.42%
1938 13.2% 50.5% 1.25%
1939 13.8% 44.5% 1.74%
1940 12.4% 40.4% 2.64%
1941 14.1% 37% 1.9%
1942 12.7% 28.4% 1.51%
1943 15.9% 26.9% 0.81%
1944 14.6% 24.9% 0.25%
1945 14.9% 20.4% 0.73%
1946 13.7% 14.2% 0.12%
1947 16.5% 12.6% -0.2%
1948 15.2% 9.36% 2.56%
1949 13.8% 7.73% 1.71%
1950 14.9% 9.19% -0.92%
1951 15.6% 8.09% -0.71%
1952 18.1% 8.6% -1.82%
1953 17.6% 6.96% -4.05%
1954 15.7% 5.58% -2.84%
1955 17.1% 5.07% -2.79%
1956 16.5% 7.26% -1.3%
1957 16.8% 9.3% -0.71%
1958 17% 9.02% -0.1%
1959 20.9% 9.6% 1.56%
1960 19.7% 7.02% -3.14%
1961 19.5% 7.97% -2.89%
1962 21.3% 6.99% -4.31%
1963 18.9% 9.23% -3.29%
1964 17.8% 9.6% -2.24%
1965 20.5% 12.6% -1.64%
1966 20.5% 12.6% -1.88%
1967 19.1% 14.9% -0.64%
1968 19.3% 17.9% -0.79%
1969 18.7% 21.5% 0.6%
1970 21.1% 26.3% -1.22%
1971 27.2% 20% -7.98%
1972 35% 10.1% -12.7%
1973 30.8% 11.1% -7.32%
1974 32.3% 18.8% -5.79%
1975 33.6% 28.4% -0.41%
1976 30% 19.5% -0.48%
1977 30% 16.5% -1.11%
1978 29.4% 26% -0.11%
1979 24.8% 23.2% 4.82%
1980 23.8% 17.4% 5.41%
1981 26.4% 14% 2.56%
1982 30.1% 20.3% -1.02%
1983 29.2% 45.5% -2.67%
1984 30% 56.6% -2.95%
1985 28.5% 79.8% -2.22%
1986 26.6% 88.4% -0.92%
1987 22.9% 81.6% 2.36%
1988 21.3% 71.2% 4.07%
1989 19.8% 51.9% 5.31%
1990 20.9% 50.3% 2.24%
1991 21.2% 37% 1.54%
1992 20.8% 30.3% 2.09%
1993 21.1% 28% 1.41%
1994 20.6% 22.6% 1.43%
1995 19.4% 17.2% 3.09%
1996 20.6% 14.6% 2.07%
1997 20.6% 12.8% 2.04%
1998 21.9% 12.1% 0.39%
1999 23.7% 13.3% -2.02%
2000 22.9% 13.1% -0.69%
2001 23.2% 14.3% -0.49%
2002 23.2% 15% -1.17%
2003 22.2% 12.6% -0.42%
2004 20.8% 10.3% 2.05%
2005 20.2% 7.04% 4.57%
2006 18.7% 5.02% 7.51%
2007 19.3% 3.9% 7.95%
2008 21.8% 4.92% 3.93%
2009 25% 5.84% -4.26%
2010 23.5% 8.61% -0.36%
2011 22.9% 11.1% 1.43%
2012 23.1% 11.9% 0.68%
2013 23.1% 12.8% -0.47%
2014 23.9% 15% -1.5%
2015 25% 17.4% -2.09%
2016 25.4% 21.1% -2.66%
2017 25.5% 23.7% -2.63%
2018 25.6% 25.8% -1.48%
2019 26.5% 28.3% -2.73%
2020 29.1% 32.4% -7.1%
2021 33.6% 36.4% -7.53%
2022 26.7% 37.9% 1.36%
2023 27.4% 39.4% -2.27%
2024 26.5% 42% -2.74%
2025 26.6% 43% -2.01%

Inflation rate by year

Over the past 20 years, Chile has had an average annual inflation rate of 4.03%. In 2024, inflation was 4.3%. The bar chart below shows consumer price inflation by year.

Year Inflation
1971 20.1%
1972 77.8%
1973 353%
1974 505%
1975 375%
1976 211.9%
1977 92%
1978 40.1%
1979 33.4%
1980 35.1%
1981 19.7%
1982 9.94%
1983 27.3%
1984 19.9%
1985 30.7%
1986 19.5%
1987 19.9%
1988 14.7%
1989 17%
1990 26%
1991 21.8%
1992 15.4%
1993 12.7%
1994 11.4%
1995 8.23%
1996 7.36%
1997 6.13%
1998 5.11%
1999 3.34%
2000 3.84%
2001 3.57%
2002 2.49%
2003 2.81%
2004 1.05%
2005 3.05%
2006 3.39%
2007 4.41%
2008 8.72%
2009 0.35%
2010 1.41%
2011 3.34%
2012 3.01%
2013 1.79%
2014 4.72%
2015 4.35%
2016 3.79%
2017 2.18%
2018 2.43%
2019 2.56%
2020 3.05%
2021 4.52%
2022 11.6%
2023 7.58%
2024 4.3%

Balance of trade

Chile Rank
Current account balance
-$4.85B
2024
165/189
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.47%
2024
95/189
Goods imports
$78.1B
2024
41/188
Goods exports
$99.2B
2024
36/188
Service imports
$21.1B
2024
48/188
Service exports
$12B
2024
63/188
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
132/180
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
98/193

Chile's top 10 trading partners

Chile's biggest trading partner accounting for 31.4%% of all exports and imports is China, with a trade balance between the two of +$17.9B — Chile exports $37.3B worth of goods and services to China and imports $19.3B.

Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Chile.

Rank Country Trade value Share of total trade Export to Import from Top export to Top import from
1 China $56.6B 31.4% $37.3B $19.3B Raw materials & minerals Machinery & equipment
2 United States $32.6B 18.1% $17.3B $15.2B Metals Raw materials & minerals
3 Brazil $12.9B 7.17% $5.38B $7.54B Metals Raw materials & minerals
4 Japan $9.98B 5.54% $8.15B $1.83B Raw materials & minerals Machinery & equipment
5 Argentina $7.95B 4.41% $1.01B $6.94B Transport & tourism services Raw materials & minerals
6 South Korea $6.46B 3.58% $4.97B $1.49B Raw materials & minerals Raw materials & minerals
7 Peru $4.2B 2.33% $2.19B $2.01B Machinery & equipment Raw materials & minerals
8 Germany $4B 2.22% $1.29B $2.71B Raw materials & minerals Machinery & equipment
9 Spain $3.98B 2.21% $2.08B $1.89B Raw materials & minerals Machinery & equipment
10 Mexico $3.92B 2.17% $1.9B $2.02B Wood & paper products Machinery & equipment

Chile's top 10 exports

Chile Rank
Raw materials & minerals $41.6B 28/193
Metals $21.2B 21/192
Raw agricultural goods $9.4B 20/193
Animal & marine products $8.88B 18/192
Wood & paper products $6.29B 19/192
Transport & tourism services $6.13B 59/188
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.63B 44/192
Machinery & equipment $4.17B 57/193
Miscellaneous $3.6B 20/191
Business & finance services $2.44B 56/188

Chile's top 10 imports

Chile Rank
Machinery & equipment $27.8B 42/193
Raw materials & minerals $19.2B 34/193
Transport & tourism services $9.84B 49/188
Chemicals & pharma $9.34B 46/193
Textiles & consumer goods $6.99B 43/193
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.39B 39/193
Business & finance services $4.81B 49/188
IT & IP services $4.17B 36/182
Metals $3.98B 56/193
Animal & marine products $2.69B 35/193

Economic freedom indices

Chile Rank
Economic freedom 73.2 23/197
Property rights 71.3 48/182
Government integrity 67.9 48/182
Judicial effectiveness 87.8 48/182
Tax burden 72.5 137/181
Government spending 74.4 83/180
Fiscal health 84.2 59/181
Business freedom 79.5 36/182
Labor freedom 61.3 55/182
Monetary freedom 71.8 83/180
Trade freedom 78 63/181
Investment freedom 60 63/181
Financial freedom 70 19/181

Chile's economic freedom by year

Chile is ranked 18/180 for economic freedom with a score of 73.2, compared to 8/163 and a score of 77.8 in 2005.

Economic freedom
Judicial effectiveness
Tax burden
Government spending
Fiscal health
Year Index
Economic freedom Judicial effectiveness Tax burden Government spending Fiscal health
1995 71.2 - 79.4 87 -
1996 72.6 - 89.8 85.9 -
1997 75.9 - 73.5 86.6 -
1998 74.9 - 73 88.1 -
1999 74.1 - 73 87.1 -
2000 74.7 - 73.2 85.5 -
2001 75.1 - 73.7 84.1 -
2002 77.8 - 74 82.7 -
2003 76 - 75 81.8 -
2004 76.9 - 78.5 81.5 -
2005 77.8 - 78.3 84.8 -
2006 78 - 78.6 87.5 -
2007 77.7 - 78.8 87.9 -
2008 78.6 - 78.1 88.2 -
2009 78.3 - 78.2 90.1 -
2010 77.2 - 77.5 89.6 -
2011 77.4 - 77.7 86.6 -
2012 78.3 - 77.4 82.1 -
2013 79 - 77.6 83.7 -
2014 78.7 - 76.5 83.8 -
2015 78.5 - 76.5 83.3 -
2016 77.7 - 74.8 83.1 -
2017 76.5 63.7 77.6 82.2 96.1
2018 75.2 63.4 78 81.3 91.7
2019 75.4 56.3 77.3 81 89
2020 76.8 61.1 76.4 80.8 90.5
2021 75.2 68.4 72.3 80.4 90.4
2022 74.4 91.4 72.4 78.1 75.3
2023 71.1 71.8 73 73.5 43.8
2024 71.4 87.9 71.8 73.4 66
2025 73.2 87.8 72.5 74.4 84.2

More economic indicators

Chile Rank
Services, % of GDP
56.1%
2024
101/191
Industry, % of GDP
30.1%
2024
56/194
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.91%
2024
119/193
GNI, Atlas method
$311B
2024
46/194
GNI per capita, PPP
$32,850
2024
62/191
Total reserves including gold
$44.4B
2024
45/177
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.93B
2024
174/188
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
32/193
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$3.59B
2024
36/187
Poverty at national poverty lines
6.5%
2022
163/176
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
89/176

Compare countries by 7 more topics

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.