Skip to content

Economy of Guyana vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guyana has a GDP of $27.1B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 120/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guyana has $7.74B in government debt (28.6% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Guyana vs Norway GDP by year

Guyana
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guyana Norway
2025 $27,097,477,218 $530,755,719,439
2024 $24,662,714,628 $500,886,328,034
2023 $16,918,503,597 $502,197,633,323
2022 $14,718,388,489 $617,321,834,099
2021 $8,041,362,110 $521,592,200,233
2020 $5,471,256,595 $382,252,517,922
2019 $5,173,760,192 $424,244,886,364
2018 $4,787,636,998 $454,588,871,811
2017 $4,748,174,334 $415,673,181,543
2016 $4,482,697,337 $383,284,047,619
2015 $4,279,840,194 $400,669,174,331
2014 $4,127,660,152 $515,829,568,897
2013 $4,167,800,929 $540,132,255,319
2012 $4,063,088,536 $525,082,939,407
2011 $3,691,384,318 $512,868,581,628
2010 $3,432,912,517 $440,132,138,425
2009 $3,165,663,153 $395,664,488,017
2008 $3,025,187,433 $472,060,283,688
2007 $2,730,971,595 $407,813,774,161
2006 $2,379,817,991 $349,773,283,645
2005 $824,880,550 $311,417,306,946
2004 $787,814,379 $265,662,977,688
2003 $743,063,950 $229,192,678,173
2002 $726,131,435 $195,359,978,957
2001 $712,167,450 $173,590,978,347
2000 $712,667,897 $170,620,327,660
1999 $694,754,988 $161,304,620,987
1998 $717,530,683 $152,955,958,172
1997 $749,138,010 $160,013,571,974
1996 $705,406,001 $162,427,517,132
1995 $621,626,786 $151,083,627,983
1994 $545,278,380 $126,324,387,894
1993 $454,101,382 $119,841,699,440
1992 $373,573,141 $129,998,873,602
1991 $348,533,095 $121,149,331,318
1990 $396,582,263 $119,344,377,526
1989 $379,779,390 $102,226,808,603
1988 $413,799,990 $101,497,621,605
1987 $354,591,847 $93,913,320,965
1986 $504,651,140 $78,438,205,742
1985 $453,488,372 $65,211,464,198
1984 $437,631,605 $61,866,078,539
1983 $489,333,333 $61,417,685,434
1982 $482,000,000 $62,453,362,256
1981 $570,357,107 $63,392,804,251
1980 $603,200,000 $64,176,789,764
1979 $530,440,000 $52,935,763,512
1978 $507,080,000 $46,355,988,784
1977 $449,880,000 $41,362,637,363
1976 $454,440,000 $35,815,449,464
1975 $494,791,667 $32,742,543,381
1974 $433,954,545 $27,033,413,362
1973 $307,047,619 $22,433,660,550
1972 $285,380,952 $17,283,931,878
1971 $282,050,000 $14,523,306,736
1970 $267,800,000 $12,753,503,479
1969 $249,300,000 $11,083,505,596
1968 $229,750,000 $10,178,705,992
1967 $250,176,471 $9,532,076,026
1966 $228,705,882 $8,712,528,095
1965 $213,235,294 $8,073,570,566
1964 $194,774,513 $7,172,430,304
1963 $175,757,894 $6,522,268,053
1962 $194,949,513 $6,078,186,245
1961 $185,849,535 $5,642,867,672
1960 $170,216,241 $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guyana vs Norway by year

Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guyana Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $32,414 - $94,594 -
2024 $29,675 $80,155 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $20,474 $54,729 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $17,913 $39,711 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $9,861 $22,866 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $6,776 $16,819 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $6,406 $13,241 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $6,048 $12,443 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $6,179 $12,243 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $5,871 $11,516 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $5,640 $11,408 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $5,473 $11,145 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $5,557 $11,200 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $5,444 $10,627 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $4,947 $10,066 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $4,582 $9,337 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $4,209 $8,824 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $4,009 $8,437 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $3,608 $8,110 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $3,136 $7,346 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $1,084 $6,761 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $1,033 $6,673 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $974 $6,392 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $951 $6,304 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $932 $6,131 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $932 $5,860 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $909 $5,812 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $940 $5,573 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $983 $5,615 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $928 $5,210 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $820 $4,753 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $721 $4,447 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $603 $4,027 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $498 $3,651 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $466 $3,322 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $529 $3,022 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $503 - $24,185 -
1988 $545 - $24,112 -
1987 $464 - $22,430 -
1986 $657 - $18,822 -
1985 $588 - $15,704 -
1984 $565 - $14,943 -
1983 $631 - $14,877 -
1982 $621 - $15,178 -
1981 $735 - $15,463 -
1980 $779 - $15,708 -
1979 $689 - $12,998 -
1978 $663 - $11,421 -
1977 $593 - $10,230 -
1976 $604 - $8,896 -
1975 $664 - $8,171 -
1974 $588 - $6,783 -
1973 $421 - $5,664 -
1972 $395 - $4,395 -
1971 $396 - $3,721 -
1970 $381 - $3,291 -
1969 $361 - $2,881 -
1968 $340 - $2,667 -
1967 $378 - $2,519 -
1966 $353 - $2,321 -
1965 $336 - $2,168 -
1964 $313 - $1,941 -
1963 $288.8 - $1,779 -
1962 $327 - $1,670 -
1961 $319 - $1,563 -
1960 $299.1 - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/norway | CC BY

Guyana's GDP per capita is $32,414, ranking 40/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Guyana Norway
Gross domestic product
$27.1B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
120/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
19.3%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$32,414
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
40/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$80,155
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
15/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$7.74B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
28.6%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,255
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
63/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$13,307
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
34.4%
1998
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
1998
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
23.9%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
14.7%
2021
4.5%
2025
Population
843423
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guyana
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guyana Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 23.9% 28.6% 49.6% 45%
2024 23.3% 24.3% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 23.7% 26.7% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 20.4% 24.8% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 24.8% 38.9% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 30.5% 47.4% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 28.1% 34.2% 48.4% 39%
2018 27.6% 37.4% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 26.3% 35.2% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 25.2% 35.7% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 21.7% 42.2% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 23.1% 38.7% 44% 28.8%
2013 21.4% 41.4% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 21.8% 44.7% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 23.5% 51.7% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 23.9% 53.1% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 25.4% 52.3% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 24.1% 48.2% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 25.5% 47.7% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 29% 74.5% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 28.4% 90.7% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 23.7% 91.8% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 23.5% 95.6% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 23.1% 105.1% 46.3% 34%
2001 24% 104.6% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 22.9% 97.2% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 17.6% 97.1% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 19.7% 108% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 20.9% 101.3% 45.9% 26%
1996 - - 47.4% 28.6%
1995 - - 49.6% 32.9%
1994 - - 49.7% 51%
1993 - - 50.5% 54%
1992 - - 51.6% 45.3%
1991 - - 50.3% 39.5%
1990 - - 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government spending was $6.48B, accounting for 23.9% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 28.6% in Guyana and 45% in Norway, ranking 160/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guyana

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guyana Norway
2025 -5.37% 9.34%
2024 -7.27% 12.8%
2023 -5.62% 15.9%
2022 -5.1% 24.7%
2021 -6.94% 9.93%
2020 -7.78% -2.46%
2019 -2.52% 6.28%
2018 -2.52% 7.56%
2017 -3.14% 4.79%
2016 -3.21% 3.91%
2015 -0.75% 5.8%
2014 -3.88% 8.34%
2013 -2.16% 10.3%
2012 -3.11% 13.4%
2011 -2.13% 13%
2010 -1.88% 10.6%
2009 -2.5% 10%
2008 -2.78% 18.3%
2007 -3.35% 16.8%
2006 -6.16% 17.7%
2005 -6.54% 14.7%
2004 -2.88% 10.8%
2003 -4.81% 7.21%
2002 -2.42% 9.05%
2001 -3.71% 13.2%
2000 -2.27% 15.1%
1999 -0.47% 5.75%
1998 -2.67% 3.09%
1997 -1.7% 7.41%
1996 - 6.05%
1995 - 2.98%
1994 - 0.04%
1993 - -1.65%
1992 - -2.08%
1991 - -0.12%
1990 - 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Guyana's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.46B, equivalent to 5.37% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Guyana recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 1 years. On average, Guyana posted an annual deficit equal to 3.64% of GDP, compared to surplus of 10.5% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guyana

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guyana Norway
2025 3.3% 3.06%
2024 2.9% 3.15%
2023 2.8% 5.52%
2022 6.9% 5.76%
2021 4.5% 3.48%
2020 0.7% 1.29%
2019 2.1% 2.17%
2018 1.3% 2.76%
2017 1.9% 1.88%
2016 0.8% 3.55%
2015 -0.9% 2.17%
2014 0.7% 2.04%
2013 1.9% 2.12%
2012 2.4% 0.7%
2011 4.4% 1.28%
2010 4.3% 2.42%
2009 3% 2.2%
2008 8.1% 3.75%
2007 12.2% 0.71%
2006 6.7% 2.33%
2005 6.9% 1.53%
2004 4.7% 0.45%
2003 6% 2.49%
2002 5.4% 1.29%
2001 2.6% 3%
2000 6.1% 3.09%
1999 7.5% 2.37%
1998 4.6% 2.25%
1997 3.6% 2.57%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guyana has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.05%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 3.3% in Guyana and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Guyana
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $9.48M
Textiles & consumer goods $262K
Metals $84K
Raw materials & minerals $60K
Chemicals & pharma $9K
Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $25M
Metals $1.86M
Raw materials & minerals $1.47M
Chemicals & pharma $424K
Textiles & consumer goods $224K
Miscellaneous $85K
Wood & paper products $20K

Balance of trade

Guyana Norway
Current account balance
$2.35B
2023
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2023
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+13.9%
2023
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$6B
2023
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$13.2B
2023
$177B
2025
Service imports
$4.95B
2023
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$529M
2023
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
109.7%
2005
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
84.6%
2005
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guyana Norway
Economic freedom 58.7 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 109/197 9/197
Property rights 46.7 99.6
Government integrity 38.8 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 48.6 96.4
Tax burden 76.4 63.3
Government spending 85 42
Fiscal health 39.9 96.4
Business freedom 70.9 91.2
Labor freedom 76 69.3
Monetary freedom 78.5 72.4
Trade freedom 59.2 85.6
Investment freedom 55 75
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guyana
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guyana Norway
2026 58.7 78.8
2025 58.2 78.3
2024 57.3 77.5
2023 56.9 76.9
2022 59.5 76.9
2021 57.4 73.4
2020 56.2 73.4
2019 56.8 73
2018 58.7 74.3
2017 58.5 74
2016 55.4 70.8
2015 55.5 71.8
2014 55.7 70.9
2013 53.8 70.5
2012 51.3 68.8
2011 49.4 70.3
2010 48.4 69.4
2009 48.4 70.2
2008 48.8 68.6
2007 53.7 67.9
2006 56.6 67.9
2005 56.5 64.5
2004 53 66.2
2003 50.3 67.2
2002 54.3 67.4
2001 53.3 67.1
2000 52.4 70.1
1999 53.3 68.6
1998 52.7 68
1997 53.2 65.1
1996 50.1 65.4
1995 45.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guyana is 58.7, ranking 109/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guyana Norway
Services, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
75.1%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.73%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$23.8B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$80,300
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.36B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
136/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$1.14B
2023
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.63B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.7M
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.84%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
35%
2020
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.3%
2005
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guyana/norway | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.