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Economy of Guatemala vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Guatemala has a GDP of $113B compared to $484B for Norway, ranking 68/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guatemala has $29.8B in government debt (26.3% of GDP), compared to $207B (42.7% of GDP) in Norway.

Guatemala vs Norway GDP by year

Guatemala
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guatemala Norway
2024 $113,199,581,158 $483,592,648,313
2023 $104,368,755,055 $482,949,731,777
2022 $95,641,446,501 $596,297,651,036
2021 $86,455,522,273 $503,367,986,030
2020 $77,719,468,248 $367,633,418,887
2019 $77,172,331,693 $408,742,840,909
2018 $73,328,356,008 $439,788,625,884
2017 $71,653,780,740 $401,745,275,035
2016 $66,053,408,206 $370,956,547,619
2015 $62,186,066,548 $388,159,512,246
2014 $57,852,159,008 $501,736,471,833
2013 $52,996,420,177 $526,014,468,085
2012 $49,593,929,487 $512,777,309,841
2011 $46,876,006,272 $501,360,549,669
2010 $40,676,578,423 $431,052,143,940
2009 $37,126,148,265 $387,976,400,617
2008 $38,503,720,224 $464,917,553,191
2007 $33,567,850,824 $402,643,260,488
2006 $29,744,246,827 $346,915,160,682
2005 $26,783,389,294 $309,978,579,744
2004 $23,577,298,095 $265,268,662,473
2003 $21,576,351,799 $229,385,469,337
2002 $20,444,205,991 $195,914,852,576
2001 $18,405,220,247 $174,239,354,071
2000 $19,288,929,030 $171,457,201,936
1999 $18,318,412,251 $162,383,706,021
1998 $19,395,491,993 $154,230,295,158
1997 $17,790,026,222 $161,356,631,888
1996 $15,674,835,615 $163,520,109,151
1995 $14,655,404,433 $152,029,612,325
1994 $12,983,233,311 $127,131,319,429
1993 $11,400,017,301 $120,579,213,713
1992 $10,440,781,588 $130,838,040,068
1991 $9,406,135,143 $121,872,464,483
1990 $7,650,196,845 $119,791,843,060
1989 $8,410,724,361 $102,633,934,391
1988 $7,841,602,824 $101,900,260,856
1987 $7,084,399,840 $94,229,907,236
1986 $7,231,963,516 $78,693,118,044
1985 $9,721,652,087 $65,416,879,914
1984 $9,470,000,100 $62,057,955,033
1983 $9,050,000,400 $61,627,240,831
1982 $8,716,999,700 $62,647,195,538
1981 $8,607,500,300 $63,596,654,761
1980 $7,878,700,000 $64,439,382,896
1979 $6,902,600,200 $53,132,244,624
1978 $6,070,600,200 $46,522,900,254
1977 $5,480,500,200 $41,508,030,431
1976 $4,365,300,200 $35,942,270,686
1975 $3,645,900,000 $32,877,805,200
1974 $3,161,499,900 $27,145,693,810
1973 $2,569,200,100 $22,534,253,703
1972 $2,101,300,000 $17,358,610,850
1971 $1,984,800,000 $14,583,114,840
1970 $1,904,000,000 $12,814,123,115
1969 $1,715,399,900 $11,136,187,440
1968 $1,610,500,000 $10,227,087,165
1967 $1,453,500,000 $9,577,383,653
1966 $1,390,700,000 $8,753,940,267
1965 $1,331,399,900 $8,111,945,661
1964 $1,299,099,900 $7,206,522,122
1963 $1,262,800,000 $6,553,269,536
1962 $1,143,600,000 $6,107,076,929
1961 $1,076,699,900 $5,669,689,210
1960 $1,043,599,900 $5,197,398,721

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guatemala/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guatemala vs Norway by year

Guatemala
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guatemala Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,150 $14,369 $86,785 $102,038
2023 $5,758 $13,745 $87,497 $103,638
2022 $5,359 $13,014 $109,270 $125,490
2021 $4,913 $11,825 $93,073 $88,984
2020 $4,478 $10,947 $68,340 $67,111
2019 $4,512 $10,756 $76,431 $70,940
2018 $4,353 $9,947 $82,793 $70,254
2017 $4,325 $9,560 $76,132 $64,590
2016 $4,060 $9,201 $70,867 $59,280
2015 $3,894 $8,934 $74,810 $60,738
2014 $3,689 $8,237 $97,667 $66,332
2013 $3,444 $7,700 $103,554 $67,378
2012 $3,287 $7,258 $102,176 $65,774
2011 $3,169 $6,784 $101,222 $62,460
2010 $2,805 $6,510 $88,163 $58,213
2009 $2,612 $6,377 $80,348 $55,648
2008 $2,763 $6,435 $97,504 $62,073
2007 $2,459 $6,238 $85,502 $56,179
2006 $2,225 $5,833 $74,434 $54,358
2005 $2,046 $5,486 $67,047 $47,967
2004 $1,841 $5,263 $57,769 $42,667
2003 $1,723 $5,081 $50,250 $38,680
2002 $1,669 $4,969 $43,171 $38,056
2001 $1,538 $4,822 $38,602 $37,829
2000 $1,649 $4,715 $38,178 $36,994
1999 $1,604 $4,557 $36,393 $30,574
1998 $1,741 $4,437 $34,803 $28,200
1997 $1,638 $4,287 $36,629 $28,610
1996 $1,481 $4,143 $37,322 $26,826
1995 $1,421 $4,055 $34,876 $24,360
1994 $1,293 $3,886 $29,316 $23,027
1993 $1,166 $3,756 $27,964 $21,584
1992 $1,096 $3,626 $30,524 $20,623
1991 $1,014 $3,473 $28,597 $19,580
1990 $848 $3,330 $28,243 $18,461
1989 $958 - $24,281 -
1988 $919 - $24,207 -
1987 $854 - $22,506 -
1986 $896 - $18,883 -
1985 $1,238 - $15,754 -
1984 $1,241 - $14,989 -
1983 $1,220 - $14,928 -
1982 $1,204 - $15,225 -
1981 $1,216 - $15,513 -
1980 $1,142 - $15,772 -
1979 $1,026 - $13,047 -
1978 $925 - $11,463 -
1977 $856 - $10,266 -
1976 $697 - $8,927 -
1975 $595 - $8,204 -
1974 $529 - $6,812 -
1973 $441 - $5,690 -
1972 $370 - $4,414 -
1971 $358 - $3,736 -
1970 $353 - $3,306 -
1969 $326 - $2,894 -
1968 $315 - $2,680 -
1967 $291.9 - $2,531 -
1966 $287.3 - $2,333 -
1965 $283 - $2,179 -
1964 $284.2 - $1,951 -
1963 $284.4 - $1,787 -
1962 $265.2 - $1,678 -
1961 $257.2 - $1,571 -
1960 $256.8 - $1,451 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guatemala/norway | CC BY

Guatemala's GDP per capita is $6,150, ranking 112/197, compared to $86,785 in Norway, ranking 8/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guatemala ranks 116th at $14,369, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Guatemala Norway
Gross domestic product
$113B
2024
$484B
2024
GDP rank
68/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP growth
3.65%
2023-2024
2.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,150
2024
$86,785
2024
GDP per capita rank
112/197
2024
8/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$14,369
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
116/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$29.8B
2024
$207B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
26.3%
2024
42.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$1,619
2024
$37,074
2024
Government debt per person rank
124/185
2024
17/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,917
2026
$49,765
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.1%
2023
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2023
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
13.4%
2024
48.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.87%
2023-2024
3.15%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4%
2025
4%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.9%
2024
3.98%
2024
Population
19049936
5671119

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guatemala
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guatemala Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 13.4% 26.3% 48.5% 42.7%
2023 13.7% 27.2% 45.9% 44.1%
2022 14.3% 29% 37.5% 36.1%
2021 13.5% 30.6% 46.3% 41.6%
2020 15.6% 31.5% 56.7% 46%
2019 13.4% 26.4% 50.2% 40.5%
2018 13.2% 26.4% 47.7% 39.3%
2017 12.8% 25.1% 49.2% 38.2%
2016 12.6% 24.9% 50.4% 37.9%
2015 12.6% 24.8% 48.2% 34.3%
2014 13.6% 24.7% 45.2% 29.6%
2013 14% 25% 43.5% 31.4%
2012 14.2% 24.6% 42.4% 30.9%
2011 14.5% 23.8% 43.3% 29.6%
2010 14.5% 24% 44.5% 43%
2009 14.1% 22.8% 45.6% 42.5%
2008 13.3% 19.6% 39.8% 47.5%
2007 13.9% 20.8% 41% 49.5%
2006 14.2% 20.9% 40.5% 52.6%
2005 13.2% 20% 41.8% 42.3%
2004 12.9% 20.6% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 14.4% 19.8% 47.6% 43.1%
2002 13.1% 17.4% 46.1% 33.9%
2001 13.8% 19.1% 43.2% 27.2%
2000 13.6% 18% 41.3% 28.7%
1999 14.6% 22% 46.4% 25%
1998 13.2% 19% 47.8% 23.6%
1997 11.2% 18.5% 45.5% 25.8%
1996 9.85% 19.2% 47% 28.4%
1995 9.77% 21% 49.3% 32.7%
1994 - - 49.4% 50.6%
1993 - - 50.2% 53.7%
1992 - - 51.3% 45%
1991 - - 50% 39.2%
1990 - - 48.9% 28.9%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guatemala/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Guatemala's government spending was $15.1B, accounting for 13.4% of its GDP, while Norway spent $234B, or 48.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 26.3% in Guatemala and 42.7% in Norway, ranking 161/185 and 127/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guatemala

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guatemala Norway
2024 -0.96% 13.2%
2023 -1.25% 16.6%
2022 -1.7% 25.5%
2021 -1.16% 10.3%
2020 -4.91% -2.56%
2019 -2.24% 6.52%
2018 -1.88% 7.81%
2017 -1.38% 4.96%
2016 -1.11% 4.04%
2015 -1.47% 5.99%
2014 -1.92% 8.57%
2013 -2.16% 10.6%
2012 -2.42% 13.7%
2011 -2.8% 13.3%
2010 -3.28% 10.9%
2009 -3.12% 10.2%
2008 -1.57% 18.5%
2007 -1.4% 17%
2006 -1.88% 17.9%
2005 -1.67% 14.7%
2004 -1.05% 10.8%
2003 -2.47% 7.2%
2002 -1.03% 9.03%
2001 -2% 13.2%
2000 -1.88% 15%
1999 -2.96% 5.71%
1998 -2.29% 3.07%
1997 -0.79% 7.35%
1996 0.04% 6.01%
1995 -0.53% 2.96%
1994 - 0.04%
1993 - -1.64%
1992 - -2.07%
1991 - -0.12%
1990 - 1.95%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guatemala/norway | CC BY

In 2024, Guatemala's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.09B, equivalent to 0.96% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $64.1B, or 13.2% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Guatemala recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 1 years. On average, Guatemala posted an annual deficit equal to 1.84% of GDP, compared to surplus of 10.3% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guatemala

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guatemala Norway
2024 2.87% 3.15%
2023 6.21% 5.52%
2022 6.89% 5.76%
2021 4.26% 3.48%
2020 3.21% 1.29%
2019 3.7% 2.17%
2018 3.75% 2.76%
2017 4.42% 1.88%
2016 4.45% 3.55%
2015 2.39% 2.17%
2014 3.42% 2.04%
2013 4.34% 2.12%
2012 3.78% 0.7%
2011 6.21% 1.28%
2010 3.86% 2.42%
2009 1.86% 2.2%
2008 11.4% 3.75%
2007 6.82% 0.71%
2006 6.56% 2.33%
2005 9.11% 1.53%
2004 7.58% 0.45%
2003 5.6% 2.49%
2002 8.13% 1.29%
2001 7.29% 3%
2000 5.98% 3.09%
1999 5.21% 2.37%
1998 6.61% 2.25%
1997 9.23% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guatemala/norway | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Guatemala has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 5.54%, compared with 2.44% in Norway. In 2024, inflation was 2.87% in Guatemala and 3.15% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Guatemala
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $8.95M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $589K
Raw materials & minerals $161K
Wood & paper products $34K
Animal & marine products $30K
Precious metals & jewellery $19K
Textiles & consumer goods $19K
Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $30.2M
Miscellaneous $26.6M
Metals $737K
Animal & marine products $597K
Raw materials & minerals $401K
Chemicals & pharma $125K
Textiles & consumer goods $48K
Wood & paper products $22K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $21K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Guatemala Norway
Current account balance
$3.27B
2024
$71.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
38/190
2024
11/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.89%
2024
+14.8%
2024
Goods imports
$29.1B
2024
$97.5B
2024
Goods exports
$13.3B
2024
$162B
2024
Service imports
$6.45B
2024
$63.6B
2024
Service exports
$4.65B
2024
$55.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.5%
2024
33.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.9%
2024
47.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guatemala Norway
Economic freedom 63.5 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 79/197 9/197
Property rights 39.1 99.6
Government integrity 25.2 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 26.1 96.4
Tax burden 91.3 63.3
Government spending 94.3 42
Fiscal health 95.9 96.4
Business freedom 65.7 91.2
Labor freedom 52.5 69.3
Monetary freedom 77.3 72.4
Trade freedom 74.6 85.6
Investment freedom 70 75
Financial freedom 50 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guatemala
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guatemala Norway
2026 63.5 78.8
2025 63.4 78.3
2024 62.4 77.5
2023 62.7 76.9
2022 63.2 76.9
2021 64 73.4
2020 64 73.4
2019 62.6 73
2018 63.4 74.3
2017 63 74
2016 61.8 70.8
2015 60.4 71.8
2014 61.2 70.9
2013 60 70.5
2012 60.9 68.8
2011 61.9 70.3
2010 61 69.4
2009 59.4 70.2
2008 59.8 68.6
2007 60.5 67.9
2006 59.1 67.9
2005 59.5 64.5
2004 59.6 66.2
2003 62.3 67.2
2002 62.3 67.4
2001 65.1 67.1
2000 64.3 70.1
1999 66.2 68.6
1998 65.8 68
1997 65.7 65.1
1996 63.7 65.4
1995 62 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/guatemala/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guatemala is 63.5, ranking 79/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guatemala Norway
Services, % of GDP
61.8%
2024
51.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
21.7%
2024
37%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.78%
2024
2.08%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$106B
2024
$547B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$14,170
2024
$106,830
2024
Total reserves including gold
$24.4B
2024
$81.2B
2024
Total reserves ranking
57/177
2024
32/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$983M
2024
-$7.83B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.85B
2024
$12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$865M
2024
$4.95B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.75%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
56%
2023
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.7%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guatemala/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.