Skip to content

Economy of Guinea-Bissau vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guinea-Bissau has a GDP of $2.53B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 176/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guinea-Bissau has $1.9B in government debt (75.3% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Guinea-Bissau vs Norway GDP by year

Guinea-Bissau
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guinea-Bissau Norway
2025 $2,527,930,273 $530,755,719,439
2024 $2,197,777,210 $500,886,328,034
2023 $2,076,748,678 $502,197,633,323
2022 $1,856,239,955 $617,321,834,099
2021 $1,907,611,288 $521,592,200,233
2020 $1,705,062,170 $382,252,517,922
2019 $1,596,214,680 $424,244,886,364
2018 $1,554,133,594 $454,588,871,811
2017 $1,469,978,606 $415,673,181,543
2016 $1,245,074,264 $383,284,047,619
2015 $1,152,384,167 $400,669,174,331
2014 $1,135,250,721 $515,829,568,897
2013 $1,109,682,824 $540,132,255,319
2012 $1,049,412,177 $525,082,939,407
2011 $1,157,074,319 $512,868,581,628
2010 $940,112,539 $440,132,138,425
2009 $890,167,833 $395,664,488,017
2008 $952,667,544 $472,060,283,688
2007 $753,162,998 $407,813,774,161
2006 $634,781,901 $349,773,283,645
2005 $639,776,041 $311,417,306,946
2004 $582,169,841 $265,662,977,688
2003 $553,614,800 $229,192,678,173
2002 $466,773,711 $195,359,978,957
2001 $412,610,872 $173,590,978,347
2000 $391,345,597 $170,620,327,660
1999 $579,365,780 $161,304,620,987
1998 $591,034,143 $152,955,958,172
1997 $698,107,222 $160,013,571,974
1996 $702,965,148 $162,427,517,132
1995 $660,195,402 $151,083,627,983
1994 $612,502,085 $126,324,387,894
1993 $615,779,519 $119,841,699,440
1992 $588,309,271 $129,998,873,602
1991 $668,470,891 $121,149,331,318
1990 $634,187,269 $119,344,377,526
1989 $554,072,303 $102,226,808,603
1988 $427,514,322 $101,497,621,605
1987 $451,893,375 $93,913,320,965
1986 $338,524,233 $78,438,205,742
1985 $373,959,151 $65,211,464,198
1984 $359,980,491 $61,866,078,539
1983 $425,225,177 $61,417,685,434
1982 $430,284,022 $62,453,362,256
1981 $402,230,865 $63,392,804,251
1980 $287,648,258 $64,176,789,764
1979 $308,143,183 $52,935,763,512
1978 $318,876,550 $46,355,988,784
1977 $298,871,675 $41,362,637,363
1976 $292,152,321 $35,815,449,464
1975 $283,311,997 $32,742,543,381
1974 $256,769,730 $27,033,413,362
1973 $232,331,281 $22,433,660,550
1972 $227,986,203 $17,283,931,878
1971 $204,167,297 $14,523,306,736
1970 $204,670,551 $12,753,503,479
1969 - $11,083,505,596
1968 - $10,178,705,992
1967 - $9,532,076,026
1966 - $8,712,528,095
1965 - $8,073,570,566
1964 - $7,172,430,304
1963 - $6,522,268,053
1962 - $6,078,186,245
1961 - $5,642,867,672
1960 - $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guinea-Bissau vs Norway by year

Guinea-Bissau
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guinea-Bissau Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,124 - $94,594 -
2024 $998 $3,119 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $964 $2,990 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $882 $2,789 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $927 $2,523 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $847 $2,340 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $811 $2,247 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $809 $2,058 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $783 $2,082 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $680 $1,824 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $645 $1,730 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $652 $1,456 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $654 $1,416 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $635 $1,402 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $720 $1,472 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $600 $1,370 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $583 $1,315 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $640 $1,309 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $519 $1,260 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $449 $1,226 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $463 $1,187 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $431 $1,105 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $420 $1,089 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $362 $1,095 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $327 $1,064 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $317 $1,014 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $479 $1,001 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $498 $861 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $599 $1,118 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $615 $1,052 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $589 $945 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $561 $909 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $582 $890 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $574 $880 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $672 $877 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $651 $824 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $578 - $24,185 -
1988 $454 - $24,112 -
1987 $488 - $22,430 -
1986 $371 - $18,822 -
1985 $417 - $15,704 -
1984 $407 - $14,943 -
1983 $489 - $14,877 -
1982 $503 - $15,178 -
1981 $477 - $15,463 -
1980 $347 - $15,708 -
1979 $376 - $12,998 -
1978 $403 - $11,421 -
1977 $403 - $10,230 -
1976 $421 - $8,896 -
1975 $435 - $8,171 -
1974 $419 - $6,783 -
1973 $392 - $5,664 -
1972 $389 - $4,395 -
1971 $348 - $3,721 -
1970 $350 - $3,291 -
1969 - - $2,881 -
1968 - - $2,667 -
1967 - - $2,519 -
1966 - - $2,321 -
1965 - - $2,168 -
1964 - - $1,941 -
1963 - - $1,779 -
1962 - - $1,670 -
1961 - - $1,563 -
1960 - - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/norway | CC BY

Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is $1,124, ranking 177/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guinea-Bissau ranks 179th at $3,119, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Guinea-Bissau Norway
Gross domestic product
$2.53B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
176/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
5.82%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,124
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
177/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$3,119
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
179/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$1.9B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
75.3%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$846
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
149/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,483
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
26.1%
2021
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.4%
2021
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.9%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.9%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
2.67%
2022
4.5%
2025
Population
2323460
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guinea-Bissau
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guinea-Bissau Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 19.9% 75.3% 49.6% 45%
2024 20.4% 82.4% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 21.9% 79.4% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 21.3% 80.7% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 25% 78.8% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 25% 77.6% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 18.8% 65.1% 48.4% 39%
2018 19.5% 59.1% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 18.1% 51.8% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 20.5% 59.1% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 21.5% 56.3% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 23% 60.1% 44% 28.8%
2013 12.4% 49.6% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 13% 47.4% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 17.3% 45.6% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 18.5% 61.7% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 20.6% 148.3% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 21.8% 148.8% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 23.7% 164% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 19.8% 190.4% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 20.2% 203.7% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 23% 202% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 17% 183.4% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 14.1% 197.5% 46.3% 34%
2001 19.1% 204.4% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 23.5% 217.1% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 12.1% 109.9% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 8.72% 109.1% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 12.7% 94.3% 45.9% 26%
1996 8.93% 117.3% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 8.14% 103.3% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 18.4% 105.5% 49.7% 51%
1993 13.1% 112.4% 50.5% 54%
1992 10.1% 85.3% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 9.19% 88.9% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 - - 49.1% 29.1%
1989 - - 52.2% 30.4%
1988 - - 52.6% 30.5%
1987 - - 50.5% 31.3%
1986 - - 48.1% 37.8%
1985 - - 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea-Bissau's government spending was $502M, accounting for 19.9% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 75.3% in Guinea-Bissau and 45% in Norway, ranking 49/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guinea-Bissau

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guinea-Bissau Norway
2025 -6.69% 9.34%
2024 -7.26% 12.8%
2023 -8.15% 15.9%
2022 -6.06% 24.7%
2021 -5.88% 9.93%
2020 -9.64% -2.46%
2019 -3.86% 6.28%
2018 -4.76% 7.56%
2017 -1.32% 4.79%
2016 -5.34% 3.91%
2015 -3.16% 5.8%
2014 -2.44% 8.34%
2013 -1.67% 10.3%
2012 -2.12% 13.4%
2011 -1.35% 13%
2010 -0.23% 10.6%
2009 2.68% 10%
2008 -0.73% 18.3%
2007 -8.77% 16.8%
2006 -4.57% 17.7%
2005 -4.96% 14.7%
2004 -5.92% 10.8%
2003 -5.63% 7.21%
2002 -3.7% 9.05%
2001 -1.83% 13.2%
2000 -2.8% 15.1%
1999 -4.06% 5.75%
1998 -5.95% 3.09%
1997 -2.56% 7.41%
1996 3.48% 6.05%
1995 2.45% 2.98%
1994 -5.54% 0.04%
1993 -0.34% -1.65%
1992 -0.25% -2.08%
1991 1.61% -0.12%
1990 - 1.96%
1989 - 1.81%
1988 - 2.65%
1987 - 4.56%
1986 - 5.87%
1985 - 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea-Bissau's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $169M, equivalent to 6.69% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Guinea-Bissau recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Guinea-Bissau posted an annual deficit equal to 3.35% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.81% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guinea-Bissau

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guinea-Bissau Norway
2025 0.9% 3.06%
2024 3.7% 3.15%
2023 7.2% 5.52%
2022 7.9% 5.76%
2021 3.3% 3.48%
2020 1.5% 1.29%
2019 0.3% 2.17%
2018 0.4% 2.76%
2017 -0.2% 1.88%
2016 2.7% 3.55%
2015 1.5% 2.17%
2014 -1% 2.04%
2013 0.8% 2.12%
2012 2.1% 0.7%
2011 5.1% 1.28%
2010 1.1% 2.42%
2009 -1.6% 2.2%
2008 10.4% 3.75%
2007 4.6% 0.71%
2006 2% 2.33%
2005 3.4% 1.53%
2004 0.8% 0.45%
2003 -3.5% 2.49%
2002 3.3% 1.29%
2001 3.3% 3%
2000 8.6% 3.09%
1999 -2.1% 2.37%
1998 8.1% 2.25%
1997 49.1% 2.57%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guinea-Bissau has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.27%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 0.9% in Guinea-Bissau and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Guinea-Bissau
Export category Export value
Norway
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $16K
Machinery & equipment $6K
Metals $4K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Raw materials & minerals $1K

Balance of trade

Guinea-Bissau Norway
Current account balance
-$162M
2024
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
87/190
2024
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.36%
2024
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$414M
2024
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$229M
2024
$177B
2025
Service imports
$198M
2024
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$51M
2024
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27%
2025
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
13.9%
2025
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guinea-Bissau Norway
Economic freedom 43.2 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 181/197 9/197
Property rights 28.4 99.6
Government integrity 21 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 13.2 96.4
Tax burden 89 63.3
Government spending 86.5 42
Fiscal health 6.5 96.4
Business freedom 34.6 91.2
Labor freedom 55.9 69.3
Monetary freedom 75.9 72.4
Trade freedom 47 85.6
Investment freedom 30 75
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guinea-Bissau
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guinea-Bissau Norway
2026 43.2 78.8
2025 43.6 78.3
2024 42.7 77.5
2023 44.6 76.9
2022 46 76.9
2021 54.9 73.4
2020 53.3 73.4
2019 54 73
2018 56.9 74.3
2017 56.1 74
2016 51.8 70.8
2015 52 71.8
2014 51.3 70.9
2013 51.1 70.5
2012 50.1 68.8
2011 46.5 70.3
2010 43.6 69.4
2009 45.4 70.2
2008 44.4 68.6
2007 46.1 67.9
2006 46.5 67.9
2005 46 64.5
2004 42.6 66.2
2003 43.1 67.2
2002 42.3 67.4
2001 42.5 67.1
2000 34.7 70.1
1999 33.5 68.6
1998 - 68
1997 - 65.1
1996 - 65.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guinea-Bissau is 43.2, ranking 181/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guinea-Bissau Norway
Services, % of GDP
39.1%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
15.7%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
40.6%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.45B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$3,320
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold n/a
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking n/a
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$26.3M
2024
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$26.7M
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$389K
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.77%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
50.5%
2021
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.8%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea-bissau/norway | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.