Equatorial Guinea ranked 150/197 by economy size with a GDP of $12.8B and 107/197 by GDP per capita at $6,615. Equatorial Guinea has $5.21B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 40.6%.
In 2025, Equatorial Guinea made up 0.01% of the world's economy, compared to 0.002% in 1962.
Equatorial Guinea GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $12,823,210,426 | -5.85% |
| 2024 | $13,254,388,261 | 0.4% |
| 2023 | $12,541,814,273 | -7.43% |
| 2022 | $13,687,643,436 | 3.22% |
| 2021 | $12,215,878,033 | 0.86% |
| 2020 | $9,893,816,008 | -4.79% |
| 2019 | $11,364,133,550 | -5.48% |
| 2018 | $13,097,012,134 | -6.24% |
| 2017 | $12,200,913,879 | -5.67% |
| 2016 | $11,240,808,848 | -8.82% |
| 2015 | $13,185,496,881 | -9.11% |
| 2014 | $21,765,453,082 | 0.42% |
| 2013 | $21,948,834,284 | -4.13% |
| 2012 | $22,388,344,144 | 8.31% |
| 2011 | $21,357,343,669 | 6.52% |
| 2010 | $16,314,443,436 | -8.92% |
| 2009 | $15,027,795,173 | 1.34% |
| 2008 | $19,749,893,536 | 17.8% |
| 2007 | $13,071,718,759 | 15.3% |
| 2006 | $10,086,528,699 | 7.7% |
| 2005 | $8,217,369,093 | 16.7% |
| 2004 | $4,410,764,339 | 38% |
| 2003 | $2,484,745,935 | 14% |
| 2002 | $1,806,742,742 | 19.5% |
| 2001 | $1,461,139,022 | 63.4% |
| 2000 | $1,045,998,496 | 18.2% |
| 1999 | $621,117,886 | 25.7% |
| 1998 | $370,687,634 | 23.8% |
| 1997 | $442,337,871 | 150% |
| 1996 | $232,463,023 | 66.6% |
| 1995 | $141,853,361 | 17.5% |
| 1994 | $100,807,003 | 16.7% |
| 1993 | $136,047,906 | 11% |
| 1992 | $134,707,184 | 34.7% |
| 1991 | $110,906,029 | -1.02% |
| 1990 | $112,119,411 | -1.76% |
| 1989 | $88,265,975 | -1.23% |
| 1988 | $100,534,657 | 2.66% |
| 1987 | $93,345,860 | 4.44% |
| 1986 | $76,407,396 | -2.33% |
| 1985 | $62,118,570 | 12.9% |
| 1984 | $50,320,914 | 1.01% |
| 1983 | $44,442,457 | 5% |
| 1982 | $44,294,648 | 2.2% |
| 1981 | $36,731,423 | 5.77% |
| 1980 | $50,642,881 | - |
| 1979 | - | - |
| 1978 | - | - |
| 1977 | $103,987,520 | - |
| 1976 | $103,653,050 | - |
| 1975 | $104,295,643 | - |
| 1974 | $94,159,863 | - |
| 1973 | $81,203,227 | - |
| 1972 | $65,429,198 | - |
| 1971 | $64,946,955 | - |
| 1970 | $66,331,429 | - |
| 1969 | $67,225,714 | - |
| 1968 | $67,514,286 | - |
| 1967 | $72,317,447 | - |
| 1966 | $69,110,000 | - |
| 1965 | $64,748,333 | - |
| 1964 | $51,915,000 | - |
| 1963 | $44,266,667 | - |
| 1962 | $37,253,333 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1962–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea | CC BY 
Equatorial Guinea GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $6,615 | - |
| 2024 | $7,004 | $17,567 |
| 2023 | $6,788 | $17,412 |
| 2022 | $7,589 | $18,140 |
| 2021 | $6,946 | $16,821 |
| 2020 | $5,764 | $13,677 |
| 2019 | $6,804 | $16,451 |
| 2018 | $8,102 | $18,413 |
| 2017 | $7,809 | $18,435 |
| 2016 | $7,453 | $16,649 |
| 2015 | $9,069 | $19,479 |
| 2014 | $15,549 | $27,177 |
| 2013 | $16,304 | $27,910 |
| 2012 | $17,309 | $30,012 |
| 2011 | $17,198 | $27,242 |
| 2010 | $13,720 | $26,168 |
| 2009 | $13,233 | $29,722 |
| 2008 | $18,211 | $30,523 |
| 2007 | $12,617 | $26,611 |
| 2006 | $10,185 | $23,511 |
| 2005 | $8,674 | $22,137 |
| 2004 | $4,901 | $19,354 |
| 2003 | $2,931 | $14,496 |
| 2002 | $2,264 | $13,255 |
| 2001 | $1,949 | $11,627 |
| 2000 | $1,487 | $7,420 |
| 1999 | $931 | $6,470 |
| 1998 | $578 | $5,280 |
| 1997 | $717 | $4,387 |
| 1996 | $392 | $1,793 |
| 1995 | $248.3 | $1,098 |
| 1994 | $183.2 | $951 |
| 1993 | $256.7 | $828 |
| 1992 | $263.7 | $756 |
| 1991 | $225.3 | $569 |
| 1990 | $236.4 | $577 |
| 1989 | $193.2 | - |
| 1988 | $228.7 | - |
| 1987 | $220.9 | - |
| 1986 | $188.8 | - |
| 1985 | $161.1 | - |
| 1984 | $137.9 | - |
| 1983 | $129.4 | - |
| 1982 | $137.5 | - |
| 1981 | $121.1 | - |
| 1980 | $175.5 | - |
| 1979 | - | - |
| 1978 | - | - |
| 1977 | $376 | - |
| 1976 | $369 | - |
| 1975 | $362 | - |
| 1974 | $319 | - |
| 1973 | $268.6 | - |
| 1972 | $211.4 | - |
| 1971 | $205.6 | - |
| 1970 | $206.8 | - |
| 1969 | $208.4 | - |
| 1968 | $211.7 | - |
| 1967 | $231.9 | - |
| 1966 | $226.7 | - |
| 1965 | $217.1 | - |
| 1964 | $177.8 | - |
| 1963 | $154.8 | - |
| 1962 | $132.9 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1962–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
Equatorial Guinea has a GDP per capita of $6,615, ranking 107/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $17,567, ranking 106/197, and a median annual after tax income of $4,723, ranking 110/197.
Equatorial Guinea GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | 141 | 97 | - |
| 2024 | 145 | 99 | 98 |
| 2023 | 145 | 100 | 99 |
| 2022 | 142 | 91 | 90 |
| 2021 | 141 | 91 | 88 |
| 2020 | 145 | 94 | 98 |
| 2019 | 143 | 91 | 82 |
| 2018 | 137 | 84 | 76 |
| 2017 | 136 | 83 | 72 |
| 2016 | 136 | 83 | 76 |
| 2015 | 127 | 72 | 66 |
| 2014 | 110 | 53 | 46 |
| 2013 | 108 | 52 | 45 |
| 2012 | 107 | 51 | 41 |
| 2011 | 108 | 51 | 43 |
| 2010 | 109 | 53 | 46 |
| 2009 | 110 | 53 | 39 |
| 2008 | 102 | 47 | 39 |
| 2007 | 109 | 56 | 45 |
| 2006 | 114 | 55 | 48 |
| 2005 | 118 | 55 | 47 |
| 2004 | 138 | 71 | 48 |
| 2003 | 146 | 84 | 51 |
| 2002 | 150 | 88 | 56 |
| 2001 | 156 | 89 | 58 |
| 2000 | 157 | 108 | 81 |
| 1999 | 169 | 125 | 87 |
| 1998 | 177 | 146 | 97 |
| 1997 | 174 | 139 | 103 |
| 1996 | 181 | 158 | 144 |
| 1995 | 182 | 174 | 161 |
| 1994 | 183 | 177 | 168 |
| 1993 | 178 | 168 | 168 |
| 1992 | 177 | 166 | 167 |
| 1991 | 177 | 173 | 175 |
| 1990 | 177 | 172 | 172 |
| 1989 | 161 | 160 | - |
| 1988 | 160 | 161 | - |
| 1987 | 158 | 156 | - |
| 1986 | 153 | 154 | - |
| 1985 | 153 | 156 | - |
| 1984 | 152 | 155 | - |
| 1983 | 152 | 154 | - |
| 1982 | 152 | 154 | - |
| 1981 | 152 | 153 | - |
| 1980 | 150 | 151 | - |
| 1979 | - | - | - |
| 1978 | - | - | - |
| 1977 | 129 | 115 | - |
| 1976 | 128 | 109 | - |
| 1975 | 129 | 107 | - |
| 1974 | 127 | 108 | - |
| 1973 | 126 | 108 | - |
| 1972 | 127 | 111 | - |
| 1971 | 126 | 109 | - |
| 1970 | 125 | 103 | - |
| 1969 | 114 | 85 | - |
| 1968 | 113 | 79 | - |
| 1967 | 112 | 72 | - |
| 1966 | 109 | 74 | - |
| 1965 | 109 | 76 | - |
| 1964 | 108 | 74 | - |
| 1963 | 108 | 77 | - |
| 1962 | 108 | 85 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1962–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2025 Equatorial Guinea is ranked 141st out of 179 by GDP (up from 157th), 97th by GDP per capita (up from 108th), and 98th by GDP per capita PPP (down from 81st).
Economic indicators
Equatorial Guinea
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$12.8B
2025 |
150/197 |
| GDP growth |
-5.85%
2024-2025 |
192/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$6,615
2025 |
107/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$17,567
2024 |
106/197 |
| Government debt |
$5.21B
2025 |
145/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
40.6%
2025 |
132/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,686
2025 |
109/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$4,723
2026 |
110/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
29.1%
2022 |
71/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.6%
2022 |
99/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
20.7%
2025 |
150/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2.8%
2024-2025 |
101/195 |
| Unemployment rate |
8.6%
2014 |
45/196 |
| Population |
2008950
|
148/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2025 | 20.7% | 40.6% | -2.55% |
| 2024 | 18.5% | 36.4% | -0.55% |
| 2023 | 19.2% | 39.1% | 2.39% |
| 2022 | 14.8% | 29.8% | 11.7% |
| 2021 | 12.7% | 42.3% | 2.65% |
| 2020 | 16.2% | 49.4% | -1.77% |
| 2019 | 16.8% | 43.2% | 1.82% |
| 2018 | 19.1% | 40.6% | 0.52% |
| 2017 | 20.1% | 36.2% | -2.59% |
| 2016 | 27.8% | 41.1% | -10.9% |
| 2015 | 41.6% | 31.7% | -15.1% |
| 2014 | 31.6% | 12.6% | -7.54% |
| 2013 | 29.3% | 6.27% | -4.4% |
| 2012 | 35.2% | 7.1% | -7.24% |
| 2011 | 27.5% | 7.17% | 0.83% |
| 2010 | 31.2% | 7.89% | -4.53% |
| 2009 | 39.8% | 4.34% | -6.47% |
| 2008 | 19.9% | 0.49% | 14.6% |
| 2007 | 19.7% | 0.75% | 17.2% |
| 2006 | 18.1% | 1.22% | 21.8% |
| 2005 | 14.1% | 2.85% | 18.5% |
| 2004 | 15.5% | 4.54% | 9.22% |
| 2003 | 11.8% | 6.77% | 9.99% |
| 2002 | 11.3% | 19.4% | 17.6% |
| 2001 | 13.5% | 25.5% | 14.9% |
| 2000 | 22.6% | 36.6% | -2.67% |
| 1999 | 18.7% | 60.5% | -0.19% |
| 1998 | 35.1% | 59.2% | -7.65% |
| 1997 | 14.8% | 46.3% | 3.21% |
| 1996 | 22.9% | 91.2% | -6.36% |
| 1995 | 141.5% | 136.9% | -123.4% |
| 1994 | 510% | 216% | -487% |
| 1993 | 256.3% | 152.6% | -217.9% |
| 1992 | 595% | 136.9% | -557% |
| 1991 | 284.5% | 169.5% | -236% |
| 1990 | 212.9% | 157% | -160.2% |
| 1989 | 116.8% | 187% | -76.2% |
| 1988 | 227.9% | 154.5% | -208.5% |
| 1987 | 183% | 141.3% | -158% |
| 1986 | 119% | 152.5% | -97.3% |
| 1985 | 115.4% | 183.8% | -89.3% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1985–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
This chart shows Equatorial Guinea's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 41 years, Equatorial Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 57.2% of GDP. In 2025, government spending reached $2.65B (20.7% of GDP), with a deficit of 2.55%.
The national debt reached $5.21B, ranking 145th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 40.6%, ranking 132nd.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 2.8% |
| 2024 | 3.4% |
| 2023 | 2.4% |
| 2022 | 4.9% |
| 2021 | -0.1% |
| 2020 | 4.8% |
| 2019 | 1.2% |
| 2018 | 1.3% |
| 2017 | 0.7% |
| 2016 | 1.4% |
| 2015 | 1.7% |
| 2014 | 4.3% |
| 2013 | 3.2% |
| 2012 | 3.4% |
| 2011 | 4.8% |
| 2010 | 5.3% |
| 2009 | 5.7% |
| 2008 | 4.7% |
| 2007 | 2.8% |
| 2006 | 4.5% |
| 2005 | 5.6% |
| 2004 | 4.2% |
| 2003 | 7.3% |
| 2002 | 7.6% |
| 2001 | 8.7% |
| 2000 | 4.8% |
| 1999 | 0.4% |
| 1998 | 7.9% |
| 1997 | 3% |
| 1996 | 4.5% |
| 1995 | 19.9% |
| 1994 | 31.8% |
| 1993 | 5.5% |
| 1992 | -4.3% |
| 1991 | -3.4% |
| 1990 | 0.9% |
| 1989 | 6.1% |
| 1988 | 2.5% |
| 1987 | -13.2% |
| 1986 | -17.6% |
| 1985 | 84% |
| 1984 | 59.5% |
| 1983 | 60.1% |
| 1982 | 38.3% |
| 1981 | 16.7% |
| 1980 | 0% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1980–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Equatorial Guinea has had an average annual inflation rate of 3.16%. In 2025, inflation was 2.8%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$344M
1996 |
98/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-148%
1996 |
190/190 |
| Goods imports |
$292M
1996 |
179/189 |
| Goods exports |
$175M
1996 |
169/189 |
| Service imports |
$185M
1996 |
178/189 |
| Service exports |
$4.88M
1996 |
188/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
28.4%
2025 |
138/182 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
46.5%
2025 |
59/193 |
Equatorial Guinea top 10 trading partners
Equatorial Guinea's biggest trading partner accounting for 20.7% of all exports and imports is China, with a trade balance between the two of +$602M: Equatorial Guinea exports $778M worth of goods and services to China and imports $176M.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Equatorial Guinea.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
China
|
$954M | 20.7% | $778M | $176M | Raw materials & minerals | Textiles & consumer goods |
| 2 |
Spain
|
$766M | 16.6% | $601M | $165M | Raw materials & minerals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 3 |
South Korea
|
$339M | 7.34% | $330M | $9.23M | Raw materials & minerals | Metals |
| 4 |
Netherlands
|
$286M | 6.2% | $241M | $44.8M | Raw materials & minerals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 5 |
Italy
|
$254M | 5.49% | $214M | $39.5M | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 6 |
United States
|
$189M | 4.09% | $105M | $84.2M | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
Germany
|
$183M | 3.96% | $149M | $34M | Chemicals & pharma | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
Nigeria
|
$144M | 3.12% | $90.8M | $53.3M | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 9 |
Thailand
|
$129M | 2.79% | $117M | $11.6M | Raw materials & minerals | Raw agricultural goods |
| 10 |
Indonesia
|
$128M | 2.77% | $105M | $22.4M | Raw materials & minerals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
Top 10 exports
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Raw materials & minerals | $2.94B | 87/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $149M | 104/193 |
| Business & finance services | $52.8M | 143/189 |
| Wood & paper products | $43.2M | 116/192 |
| Transport & tourism services | $38.7M | 178/191 |
| Manufacturing & construction services | $28.5M | 107/166 |
| Metals | $11.5M | 151/192 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $9.46M | 151/187 |
| Machinery & equipment | $6.87M | 172/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $4.94M | 168/192 |
Top 10 imports
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Business & finance services | $306M | 135/189 |
| Transport & tourism services | $302M | 160/191 |
| Machinery & equipment | $260M | 168/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $177M | 163/193 |
| Manufacturing & construction services | $155M | 82/170 |
| Animal & marine products | $112M | 135/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $85M | 170/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $83M | 167/193 |
| Metals | $60M | 167/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $37.1M | 175/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 47.4 | 175/197 |
| Property rights | 16.9 | 166/182 |
| Government integrity | 6.9 | 178/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 7.2 | 171/182 |
| Tax burden | 81 | 77/182 |
| Government spending | 90.8 | 22/180 |
| Fiscal health | 97.3 | 15/181 |
| Business freedom | 35.9 | 163/182 |
| Labor freedom | 45.2 | 158/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 73.5 | 93/180 |
| Trade freedom | 43.6 | 176/181 |
| Investment freedom | 40 | 132/181 |
| Financial freedom | 30 | 137/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 47.4 | 7.2 | 81 | 90.8 | 97.3 |
| 2025 | 47.7 | 7.1 | 74.9 | 92.5 | 97.2 |
| 2024 | 47.7 | 8.3 | 75.1 | 92.9 | 97.6 |
| 2023 | 48.3 | 8.9 | 74.5 | 93.2 | 96.3 |
| 2022 | 47.2 | 6.9 | 75.1 | 91 | 94.8 |
| 2021 | 49.2 | 15.4 | 75.2 | 90 | 96.1 |
| 2020 | 48.3 | 19.5 | 75.1 | 86.4 | 77.2 |
| 2019 | 41 | 18.1 | 71.3 | 67.6 | 16.4 |
| 2018 | 42 | 17.6 | 69.6 | 61 | 19.1 |
| 2017 | 45 | 13.1 | 75.4 | 53.6 | 46.4 |
| 2016 | 43.7 | - | 75.4 | 45.6 | - |
| 2015 | 40.4 | - | 75.4 | 31.4 | - |
| 2014 | 44.4 | - | 75.5 | 62.6 | - |
| 2013 | 42.3 | - | 75.4 | 39.3 | - |
| 2012 | 42.8 | - | 75.5 | 28 | - |
| 2011 | 47.5 | - | 75.5 | 80.5 | - |
| 2010 | 48.6 | - | 75.5 | 83.9 | - |
| 2009 | 51.3 | - | 75.5 | 86.3 | - |
| 2008 | 51.6 | - | 75.4 | 82 | - |
| 2007 | 53.2 | - | 75.4 | 84.1 | - |
| 2006 | 51.5 | - | 75.4 | 96.7 | - |
| 2005 | 53.3 | - | 92.7 | 93.3 | - |
| 2004 | 53.3 | - | 89.7 | 99.3 | - |
| 2003 | 53.1 | - | 89.7 | 96.7 | - |
| 2002 | 46.4 | - | 89.6 | 92.3 | - |
| 2001 | 47.9 | - | 89.5 | 90.3 | - |
| 2000 | 45.6 | - | 89.4 | 81.3 | - |
| 1999 | 45.1 | - | 89.3 | 81.4 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1999–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
Equatorial Guinea is ranked 157/174 for economic freedom with a score of 47.4, compared to 134/162 and a score of 51.5 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
55.5%
2025 |
108/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
41.4%
2025 |
12/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
3.21%
2025 |
128/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$11.4B
2025 |
152/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$14,610
2025 |
113/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.08B
2024 |
141/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$376M
1996 |
94/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$188M
2024 |
137/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$154M
2024 |
77/193 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
50.7%
2022 |
20/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
-3.68%
2025 |
179/179 |
Compare Equatorial Guinea vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1962–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1999–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1985–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2014, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.