Jordan ranked 90/197 by economy size with a GDP of $53.4B and 123/197 by GDP per capita at $4,618. Jordan has $48.1B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 90.2%.
In 2024, Jordan made up 0.05% of the world's economy, compared to 0.03% in 1965.
Jordan GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $53,352,289,577 | 2.49% |
| 2023 | $51,088,476,338 | 2.88% |
| 2022 | $48,764,963,380 | 2.65% |
| 2021 | $46,296,100,141 | 3.66% |
| 2020 | $43,700,383,099 | -1.1% |
| 2019 | $44,503,006,338 | 1.75% |
| 2018 | $43,370,860,704 | 1.92% |
| 2017 | $41,608,435,915 | 2.47% |
| 2016 | $39,892,551,127 | 1.99% |
| 2015 | $38,587,017,887 | 2.5% |
| 2014 | $36,847,643,521 | 3.38% |
| 2013 | $34,454,440,141 | 2.61% |
| 2012 | $31,634,561,690 | 2.43% |
| 2011 | $29,524,149,155 | 2.74% |
| 2010 | $27,133,804,225 | 2.31% |
| 2009 | $24,537,876,056 | 5.02% |
| 2008 | $22,658,715,989 | 7.22% |
| 2007 | $17,110,437,236 | 8.18% |
| 2006 | $15,056,981,664 | 8.09% |
| 2005 | $12,588,998,590 | 8.15% |
| 2004 | $11,411,706,629 | 8.57% |
| 2003 | $10,195,627,645 | 4.16% |
| 2002 | $9,582,510,578 | 5.78% |
| 2001 | $8,975,814,653 | 5.27% |
| 2000 | $8,460,789,845 | 4.25% |
| 1999 | $8,149,929,478 | 3.39% |
| 1998 | $7,912,270,804 | 3.01% |
| 1997 | $7,245,839,210 | 3.31% |
| 1996 | $6,927,503,526 | 2.09% |
| 1995 | $6,727,597,032 | 6.2% |
| 1994 | $6,236,295,978 | 4.97% |
| 1993 | $5,606,400,222 | 4.49% |
| 1992 | $5,310,833,194 | 14.3% |
| 1991 | $4,344,467,193 | 1.61% |
| 1990 | $4,160,087,508 | -0.28% |
| 1989 | $4,221,373,674 | -10.7% |
| 1988 | $6,277,451,829 | 1.46% |
| 1987 | $6,756,209,762 | 2.32% |
| 1986 | $6,402,050,485 | 5.5% |
| 1985 | $4,993,601,520 | -2.71% |
| 1984 | $4,967,162,160 | 4.29% |
| 1983 | $4,920,692,191 | -2.22% |
| 1982 | $4,681,240,993 | 7.03% |
| 1981 | $4,383,944,703 | 17.2% |
| 1980 | $3,910,044,474 | 11.2% |
| 1979 | $3,271,368,781 | 20.8% |
| 1978 | $2,602,208,589 | 14.7% |
| 1977 | $2,096,778,602 | 8.3% |
| 1976 | $1,708,521,219 | - |
| 1975 | $1,363,073,498 | - |
| 1974 | $1,197,483,949 | - |
| 1973 | $943,783,840 | - |
| 1972 | $788,479,685 | - |
| 1971 | $678,159,729 | - |
| 1970 | $639,519,744 | - |
| 1969 | $698,879,720 | - |
| 1968 | $561,119,776 | - |
| 1967 | $631,679,747 | - |
| 1966 | $657,999,737 | - |
| 1965 | $599,759,760 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1965–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/jordan | CC BY 
Jordan GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $4,618 | $10,821 |
| 2023 | $4,466 | $10,412 |
| 2022 | $4,332 | $9,927 |
| 2021 | $4,183 | $9,182 |
| 2020 | $4,022 | $9,579 |
| 2019 | $4,170 | $9,429 |
| 2018 | $4,145 | $9,042 |
| 2017 | $4,066 | $9,266 |
| 2016 | $3,987 | $8,748 |
| 2015 | $4,043 | $8,967 |
| 2014 | $4,191 | $9,145 |
| 2013 | $4,311 | $9,817 |
| 2012 | $4,170 | $9,739 |
| 2011 | $3,947 | $9,632 |
| 2010 | $3,718 | $9,417 |
| 2009 | $3,436 | $9,291 |
| 2008 | $3,242 | $8,983 |
| 2007 | $2,506 | $8,416 |
| 2006 | $2,343 | $8,046 |
| 2005 | $2,088 | $7,697 |
| 2004 | $1,940 | $7,074 |
| 2003 | $1,776 | $6,500 |
| 2002 | $1,706 | $6,256 |
| 2001 | $1,632 | $5,948 |
| 2000 | $1,571 | $5,641 |
| 1999 | $1,545 | $5,402 |
| 1998 | $1,532 | $5,264 |
| 1997 | $1,436 | $5,171 |
| 1996 | $1,410 | $5,055 |
| 1995 | $1,416 | $5,027 |
| 1994 | $1,367 | $4,830 |
| 1993 | $1,289 | $4,726 |
| 1992 | $1,287 | $4,654 |
| 1991 | $1,110 | $4,195 |
| 1990 | $1,149 | $4,317 |
| 1989 | $1,260 | - |
| 1988 | $1,966 | - |
| 1987 | $2,217 | - |
| 1986 | $2,200 | - |
| 1985 | $1,797 | - |
| 1984 | $1,871 | - |
| 1983 | $1,939 | - |
| 1982 | $1,929 | - |
| 1981 | $1,885 | - |
| 1980 | $1,750 | - |
| 1979 | $1,519 | - |
| 1978 | $1,249 | - |
| 1977 | $1,039 | - |
| 1976 | $873 | - |
| 1975 | $718 | - |
| 1974 | $651 | - |
| 1973 | $531 | - |
| 1972 | $460 | - |
| 1971 | $412 | - |
| 1970 | $409 | - |
| 1969 | $474 | - |
| 1968 | $409 | - |
| 1967 | $497 | - |
| 1966 | $558 | - |
| 1965 | $546 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1965–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/jordan | CC BY
Jordan has a GDP per capita of $4,618, ranking 123/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $10,821, ranking 131/197, and a median annual after tax income of $4,787, ranking 118/197.
Jordan GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | 89 | 115 | 120 |
| 2023 | 88 | 120 | 123 |
| 2022 | 89 | 118 | 123 |
| 2021 | 89 | 118 | 122 |
| 2020 | 87 | 115 | 118 |
| 2019 | 91 | 121 | 120 |
| 2018 | 91 | 122 | 120 |
| 2017 | 91 | 117 | 119 |
| 2016 | 90 | 115 | 120 |
| 2015 | 93 | 115 | 119 |
| 2014 | 95 | 114 | 118 |
| 2013 | 95 | 115 | 111 |
| 2012 | 96 | 117 | 109 |
| 2011 | 96 | 116 | 107 |
| 2010 | 95 | 113 | 102 |
| 2009 | 97 | 113 | 101 |
| 2008 | 101 | 118 | 102 |
| 2007 | 102 | 122 | 103 |
| 2006 | 101 | 118 | 101 |
| 2005 | 99 | 113 | 99 |
| 2004 | 97 | 112 | 99 |
| 2003 | 96 | 112 | 98 |
| 2002 | 94 | 105 | 101 |
| 2001 | 93 | 105 | 101 |
| 2000 | 97 | 106 | 102 |
| 1999 | 95 | 105 | 101 |
| 1998 | 95 | 106 | 98 |
| 1997 | 98 | 108 | 96 |
| 1996 | 100 | 109 | 92 |
| 1995 | 96 | 105 | 88 |
| 1994 | 94 | 99 | 88 |
| 1993 | 99 | 98 | 88 |
| 1992 | 101 | 97 | 89 |
| 1991 | 106 | 104 | 94 |
| 1990 | 107 | 104 | 93 |
| 1989 | 96 | 86 | - |
| 1988 | 82 | 74 | - |
| 1987 | 77 | 63 | - |
| 1986 | 73 | 61 | - |
| 1985 | 79 | 66 | - |
| 1984 | 78 | 65 | - |
| 1983 | 80 | 65 | - |
| 1982 | 81 | 68 | - |
| 1981 | 82 | 68 | - |
| 1980 | 86 | 70 | - |
| 1979 | 85 | 69 | - |
| 1978 | 85 | 70 | - |
| 1977 | 89 | 70 | - |
| 1976 | 89 | 68 | - |
| 1975 | 91 | 75 | - |
| 1974 | 94 | 76 | - |
| 1973 | 90 | 73 | - |
| 1972 | 88 | 72 | - |
| 1971 | 89 | 68 | - |
| 1970 | 88 | 65 | - |
| 1969 | 83 | 48 | - |
| 1968 | 84 | 48 | - |
| 1967 | 84 | 43 | - |
| 1966 | 81 | 40 | - |
| 1965 | 80 | 37 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1965–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/jordan | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2024 Jordan is ranked 89th out of 182 by GDP (up from 97th), 115th by GDP per capita (down from 106th), and 120th by GDP per capita PPP (down from 102nd).
Economic indicators
Jordan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$53.4B
2024 |
90/197 |
| GDP growth |
2.49%
2023-2024 |
123/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$4,618
2024 |
123/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$10,821
2024 |
131/197 |
| Government debt |
$48.1B
2024 |
77/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
90.2%
2024 |
32/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$4,167
2024 |
91/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$4,787
2026 |
118/197 |
| Listed domestic companies |
162
2024 |
39/103 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$24.9B
2024 |
56/100 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
27.4%
2010 |
87/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
3.5%
2010 |
37/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
33%
2024 |
81/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
1.56%
2023-2024 |
152/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
5.75%
2025 |
55/106 |
| Unemployment rate |
16.6%
2023 |
14/196 |
| Population |
11555022
|
84/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2024 | 33% | 90.2% | -7.33% |
| 2023 | 32.9% | 89% | -6.89% |
| 2022 | 33.3% | 88.6% | -6.8% |
| 2021 | 34.1% | 87.6% | -8.45% |
| 2020 | 33.7% | 104.5% | -10.1% |
| 2019 | 32.4% | 92.9% | -7.19% |
| 2018 | 32% | 87.4% | -5.78% |
| 2017 | 29.6% | 86.1% | -3.61% |
| 2016 | 29.8% | 85% | -3.71% |
| 2015 | 31.7% | 83.4% | -7.1% |
| 2014 | 39.2% | 78.6% | -15.5% |
| 2013 | 36.4% | 78.1% | -16.1% |
| 2012 | 32.2% | 73.8% | -13.8% |
| 2011 | 27.4% | 63.9% | -5.61% |
| 2010 | 29.8% | 59.5% | -5.43% |
| 2009 | 35.9% | 55.5% | -8.66% |
| 2008 | 35.8% | 53.2% | -5.38% |
| 2007 | 37.7% | 64.4% | -5.45% |
| 2006 | 34.7% | 65.6% | -3.82% |
| 2005 | 37.3% | 80.5% | -5.36% |
| 2004 | 36.6% | 86% | -1.09% |
| 2003 | 36% | 94.6% | -2.52% |
| 2002 | 32.9% | 91.3% | -4.44% |
| 2001 | 32.1% | 89.7% | -2.77% |
| 2000 | 33.1% | 85.6% | -3.99% |
| 1999 | 32.7% | 98.1% | -2.69% |
| 1998 | 34.9% | 99.8% | -5.4% |
| 1997 | 33.9% | 98.1% | -2.97% |
| 1996 | 36.2% | 104.9% | -3.25% |
| 1995 | 35.5% | 106.1% | -1.72% |
| 1994 | 34.3% | 116.2% | -2.3% |
| 1993 | 36.4% | 126.6% | -2.14% |
| 1992 | 35.5% | 139.6% | 1.87% |
| 1991 | 44.9% | 187% | -10.2% |
| 1990 | 44% | 204.8% | -7.45% |
| 1989 | 42.5% | 195.4% | -6.89% |
| 1988 | 44.3% | 129.3% | -13% |
| 1987 | 42.1% | 101.9% | -13.4% |
| 1986 | 33.8% | 84.3% | -2.39% |
| 1985 | 42.4% | 85.2% | -6.9% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1985–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/jordan | CC BY
This chart shows Jordan's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 40 years, Jordan recorded a fiscal deficit in 39 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 6.14% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $17.6B (33% of GDP), with a deficit of 7.33%.
The national debt reached $48.1B, ranking 77th out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 90.2%, ranking 32nd.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 1.56% |
| 2023 | 2.08% |
| 2022 | 4.23% |
| 2021 | 1.35% |
| 2020 | 0.33% |
| 2019 | 0.76% |
| 2018 | 4.46% |
| 2017 | 3.32% |
| 2016 | -0.78% |
| 2015 | -0.88% |
| 2014 | 2.9% |
| 2013 | 4.82% |
| 2012 | 4.52% |
| 2011 | 4.16% |
| 2010 | 4.85% |
| 2009 | -0.74% |
| 2008 | 14% |
| 2007 | 4.74% |
| 2006 | 6.25% |
| 2005 | 3.49% |
| 2004 | 3.36% |
| 2003 | 1.63% |
| 2002 | 1.83% |
| 2001 | 1.77% |
| 2000 | 0.67% |
| 1999 | 0.61% |
| 1998 | 3.09% |
| 1997 | 3.04% |
| 1996 | 6.5% |
| 1995 | 2.35% |
| 1994 | 3.52% |
| 1993 | 3.32% |
| 1992 | 4% |
| 1991 | 8.16% |
| 1990 | 16.2% |
| 1989 | 25.7% |
| 1988 | 6.61% |
| 1987 | -0.2% |
| 1986 | - |
| 1985 | 2.99% |
| 1984 | 3.85% |
| 1983 | 5.02% |
| 1982 | 7.43% |
| 1981 | 7.7% |
| 1980 | 11.1% |
| 1979 | 14.2% |
| 1978 | 6.92% |
| 1977 | 14.6% |
| 1976 | 11.5% |
| 1975 | 12% |
| 1974 | 19.4% |
| 1973 | 11.1% |
| 1972 | 7.66% |
| 1971 | 4.82% |
| 1970 | 5.9% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1970–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/jordan | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Jordan has had an average annual inflation rate of 3.27%. In 2024, inflation was 1.56%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Jordan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$3.13B
2024 |
158/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-5.86%
2024 |
144/190 |
| Goods imports |
$23.9B
2024 |
74/189 |
| Goods exports |
$13.3B
2024 |
89/189 |
| Service imports |
$6.5B
2024 |
80/189 |
| Service exports |
$9.45B
2024 |
69/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
57.1%
2024 |
57/181 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
42.6%
2024 |
69/193 |
Jordan top 10 trading partners
Jordan's biggest trading partner accounting for 13.8% of all exports and imports is Saudi Arabia, with a trade balance between the two of -$2.2B: Jordan exports $1.45B worth of goods and services to Saudi Arabia and imports $3.65B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Jordan.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Saudi Arabia
|
$5.1B | 13.8% | $1.45B | $3.65B | Chemicals & pharma | Raw materials & minerals |
| 2 |
China
|
$4.85B | 13.1% | $359M | $4.5B | Raw materials & minerals | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
United States
|
$4.52B | 12.2% | $2.88B | $1.64B | Textiles & consumer goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 4 |
India
|
$3.28B | 8.87% | $1.73B | $1.55B | Raw materials & minerals | Raw materials & minerals |
| 5 |
UAE
|
$1.91B | 5.18% | $544M | $1.37B | Precious metals & jewellery | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 6 |
Iraq
|
$1.22B | 3.31% | $946M | $276M | Chemicals & pharma | Raw materials & minerals |
| 7 |
Germany
|
$940M | 2.55% | $40.1M | $900M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Machinery & equipment |
| 8 |
Indonesia
|
$930M | 2.52% | $191M | $739M | Raw materials & minerals | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 9 |
Egypt
|
$922M | 2.5% | $225M | $697M | Raw materials & minerals | Processed food, beverages & tobacco |
| 10 |
Israel
|
$908M | 2.46% | $143M | $765M | Raw materials & minerals | Miscellaneous |
Top 10 exports
|
Jordan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Transport & tourism services | $9.95B | 49/188 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $4.07B | 82/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $2.15B | 58/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.69B | 63/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $1.22B | 59/190 |
| Machinery & equipment | $888M | 84/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $724M | 90/192 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $653M | 79/193 |
| Metals | $589M | 84/192 |
| Animal & marine products | $295M | 80/192 |
Top 10 imports
|
Jordan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Machinery & equipment | $5.78B | 83/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $5.1B | 66/188 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $4.23B | 76/193 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $2.91B | 75/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $2.28B | 71/193 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $2.18B | 70/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $1.95B | 58/193 |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $1.77B | 33/193 |
| Metals | $1.41B | 86/193 |
| Miscellaneous | $1.34B | 36/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Jordan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 59.3 | 104/197 |
| Property rights | 52.3 | 84/182 |
| Government integrity | 51 | 63/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 44 | 93/182 |
| Tax burden | 84.1 | 62/182 |
| Government spending | 67.2 | 109/180 |
| Fiscal health | 5.2 | 169/181 |
| Business freedom | 62.7 | 100/182 |
| Labor freedom | 51.3 | 134/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 81.2 | 7/180 |
| Trade freedom | 82 | 18/181 |
| Investment freedom | 70 | 34/181 |
| Financial freedom | 60 | 51/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 59.3 | 44 | 84.1 | 67.2 | 5.2 |
| 2025 | 59.4 | 43.5 | 83.9 | 68.5 | 2.8 |
| 2024 | 58.3 | 43.4 | 84.4 | 67.8 | 2.3 |
| 2023 | 58.8 | 48.3 | 84.7 | 70 | 3.1 |
| 2022 | 60.1 | 42.6 | 84.8 | 71.6 | 15.9 |
| 2021 | 64.6 | 60.3 | 84.7 | 73.3 | 45.5 |
| 2020 | 66 | 54.6 | 91.8 | 73.5 | 55.9 |
| 2019 | 66.5 | 52.6 | 91.4 | 73.4 | 60.6 |
| 2018 | 64.9 | 57.3 | 92.4 | 69.4 | 27.7 |
| 2017 | 66.7 | 49.5 | 91.3 | 73.3 | 55.5 |
| 2016 | 68.3 | - | 91.7 | 62 | - |
| 2015 | 69.3 | - | 93.7 | 70.7 | - |
| 2014 | 69.2 | - | 94 | 66.9 | - |
| 2013 | 70.4 | - | 93.6 | 68.8 | - |
| 2012 | 69.9 | - | 93.5 | 67 | - |
| 2011 | 68.9 | - | 92.7 | 60.9 | - |
| 2010 | 66.1 | - | 83 | 55.1 | - |
| 2009 | 65.4 | - | 83 | 56.9 | - |
| 2008 | 64.1 | - | 83.7 | 53.2 | - |
| 2007 | 64.5 | - | 83.2 | 57.4 | - |
| 2006 | 63.7 | - | 78.2 | 58.3 | - |
| 2005 | 66.7 | - | 79.2 | 63.5 | - |
| 2004 | 66.1 | - | 78.9 | 66.3 | - |
| 2003 | 65.3 | - | 78.9 | 64.9 | - |
| 2002 | 66.2 | - | 76.4 | 63.3 | - |
| 2001 | 68.3 | - | 76.2 | 61.1 | - |
| 2000 | 67.5 | - | 76.2 | 65.3 | - |
| 1999 | 67.4 | - | 76.2 | 67.7 | - |
| 1998 | 66.8 | - | 75.9 | 64.3 | - |
| 1997 | 63.6 | - | 64.6 | 65.1 | - |
| 1996 | 60.8 | - | 36.6 | 62.8 | - |
| 1995 | 62.7 | - | 46.6 | 70.6 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).
GeoRank.org/economy/jordan | CC BY
Jordan is ranked 92/174 for economic freedom with a score of 59.3, compared to 52/162 and a score of 63.7 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Jordan
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
60.4%
2024 |
71/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
25.1%
2024 |
86/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
5.07%
2024 |
107/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$51.2B
2024 |
89/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$10,570
2024 |
126/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$21.9B
2024 |
60/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.58B
2024 |
134/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$1.63B
2024 |
80/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$54.1M
2024 |
101/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
8.64%
2024 |
23/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
14.2%
2020 |
136/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
25.2%
2021 |
66/178 |
Compare Jordan vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/jordan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1965–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1985–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- TradeMap (2023, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.