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Economy of Norway vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Norway has a GDP of $484B compared to $99B for Sri Lanka, ranking 32/197 and 71/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $207B in government debt (42.7% of GDP), compared to $98.4B (105.6% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Norway
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Sri Lanka
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Norway Sri Lanka
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $5,197,398,721 $68,793,506,118 $1,409,873,950 -
1961 $5,669,689,210 $73,109,153,566 $1,444,327,731 $6,526,664,116
1962 $6,107,076,929 $75,166,405,039 $1,434,156,379 $6,775,853,428
1963 $6,553,269,536 $78,011,485,854 $1,240,672,269 $6,946,384,624
1964 $7,206,522,122 $81,919,589,025 $1,309,747,899 $7,217,740,543
1965 $8,111,945,661 $86,249,538,031 $1,698,319,328 $7,400,851,267
1966 $8,753,940,267 $89,515,388,221 $1,751,470,588 $7,772,654,452
1967 $9,577,383,653 $95,115,541,631 $1,859,465,021 $8,273,137,570
1968 $10,227,087,165 $97,265,034,480 $1,801,344,538 $8,753,070,071
1969 $11,136,187,440 $101,646,446,366 $1,965,546,218 $9,428,528,703
1970 $12,814,123,115 $103,621,742,272 $2,296,470,588 $9,791,209,303
1971 $14,583,114,840 $109,500,837,087 $2,369,308,600 $9,919,171,146
1972 $17,358,610,850 $115,337,894,011 $2,553,936,348 $9,878,454,941
1973 $22,534,253,703 $120,566,084,506 $2,875,625,000 $10,575,616,915
1974 $27,145,693,810 $125,294,905,499 $3,574,586,466 $10,982,337,251
1975 $32,877,805,200 $131,499,638,270 $3,791,298,146 $11,655,140,838
1976 $35,942,270,686 $139,160,194,320 $3,591,319,857 $12,043,852,220
1977 $41,508,030,431 $144,950,253,122 $4,104,509,583 $12,658,159,773
1978 $46,522,900,254 $150,558,892,164 $2,733,183,857 $13,373,831,476
1979 $53,132,244,624 $157,142,089,506 $3,364,611,432 $14,230,232,388
1980 $64,439,382,896 $164,314,436,253 $4,024,621,900 $15,062,135,547
1981 $63,596,654,761 $166,940,746,108 $4,415,844,156 $15,920,605,692
1982 $62,647,195,538 $167,333,595,175 $4,768,765,017 $16,579,956,893
1983 $61,627,240,831 $173,981,771,260 $5,167,913,302 $17,378,114,521
1984 $62,057,955,033 $184,511,811,488 $6,043,474,843 $18,264,250,049
1985 $65,416,879,914 $194,758,499,575 $5,978,460,972 $19,177,354,129
1986 $78,693,118,044 $202,630,856,643 $6,405,210,564 $20,012,632,786
1987 $94,229,907,236 $206,184,106,690 $6,682,167,120 $20,357,972,917
1988 $101,900,260,856 $205,657,951,819 $6,978,371,581 $20,861,361,467
1989 $102,633,934,391 $207,793,200,369 $6,987,267,684 $21,341,027,046
1990 $119,791,843,060 $211,808,370,316 $8,032,551,173 $22,706,851,776
1991 $121,872,464,483 $218,341,469,492 $9,000,362,582 $23,751,364,061
1992 $130,838,040,068 $226,145,995,698 $9,703,011,636 $24,796,422,002
1993 $120,579,213,713 $232,580,262,419 $10,338,679,636 $26,507,390,805
1994 $127,131,319,429 $244,337,831,947 $11,717,604,209 $27,991,783,146
1995 $152,029,612,325 $254,491,639,971 $13,029,697,561 $29,531,355,077
1996 $163,520,109,151 $267,287,258,415 $13,897,738,375 $30,653,536,886
1997 $161,356,631,888 $281,412,338,540 $15,091,913,884 $32,617,018,444
1998 $154,230,295,158 $288,922,351,937 $15,794,972,847 $34,149,503,956
1999 $162,383,706,021 $294,908,959,351 $15,656,327,860 $35,618,117,204
2000 $171,457,201,936 $304,696,827,580 $16,330,814,180 $37,755,216,046
2001 $174,239,354,071 $310,995,308,439 $15,749,753,805 $37,171,743,867
2002 $195,914,852,576 $315,279,446,148 $16,536,535,647 $38,645,482,957
2003 $229,385,469,337 $318,258,551,155 $18,881,765,437 $40,941,128,632
2004 $265,268,662,473 $331,035,320,834 $20,662,525,941 $43,170,398,174
2005 $309,978,579,744 $339,924,026,052 $24,405,791,045 $45,864,985,657
2006 $346,915,160,682 $348,291,164,570 $28,279,802,406 $49,382,046,638
2007 $402,643,260,488 $358,440,508,444 $32,350,238,760 $52,738,458,482
2008 $464,917,553,191 $360,167,903,329 $40,713,826,215 $55,876,443,248
2009 $387,976,400,617 $353,179,332,378 $42,066,224,093 $57,853,861,433
2010 $431,052,143,940 $355,959,036,888 $58,636,161,082 $62,491,408,088
2011 $501,360,549,669 $359,894,719,458 $67,753,284,044 $67,909,090,095
2012 $512,777,309,841 $369,676,511,271 $70,447,216,891 $73,771,125,926
2013 $526,014,468,085 $373,433,130,118 $77,000,578,167 $76,760,144,813
2014 $501,736,471,833 $381,081,533,571 $82,528,535,714 $81,655,890,647
2015 $388,159,512,246 $388,159,512,246 $85,090,301,052 $85,090,301,052
2016 $370,956,547,619 $392,680,500,172 $88,000,211,172 $89,390,445,685
2017 $401,745,275,035 $402,355,151,331 $94,369,350,286 $95,165,677,467
2018 $439,788,625,884 $405,690,399,924 $94,450,015,983 $97,364,084,799
2019 $408,742,840,909 $410,249,333,419 $88,998,706,297 $97,149,412,680
2020 $367,633,418,887 $405,005,642,243 $84,335,574,582 $92,656,723,482
2021 $503,367,986,030 $420,836,044,192 $88,556,698,938 $96,555,233,344
2022 $596,297,651,036 $434,497,344,229 $74,143,020,263 $89,459,202,881
2023 $482,949,731,777 $434,810,705,801 $83,716,142,582 $87,374,939,262
2024 $483,727,398,216 $443,943,701,526 $98,963,185,510 $91,751,304,717

Economic indicators

Norway Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$484B
2024
$99B
2024
GDP rank
32/197
2024
71/197
2024
GDP growth
0.16%
2023-2024
18.2%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$86,810
2024
$4,516
2024
GDP per capita rank
8/197
2024
125/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$101,032
2024
$15,633
2024
Government debt
$207B
2024
$98.4B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.7%
2025
105.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$37,084
2024
$4,490
2024
Government debt per person rank
17/185
2024
86/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$45,746
2025
$2,982
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$19.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
253,085
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.9%
2025
20.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.15%
2023-2024
-0.43%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2025
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.98%
2024
4.53%
2022
Population
5642662
22125995

GDP per capita in Norway vs Sri Lanka

Norway's GDP per capita is $86,810, ranking 8/197, compared to $4,516 in Sri Lanka, ranking 125/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $101,032, while Sri Lanka ranks 112th at $15,633.

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Norway Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,451 - $145.9 -
1961 $1,571 - $145.9 -
1962 $1,678 - $141.4 -
1963 $1,787 - $119.4 -
1964 $1,951 - $122.9 -
1965 $2,179 - $155.6 -
1966 $2,333 - $156.6 -
1967 $2,531 - $162.3 -
1968 $2,680 - $153.5 -
1969 $2,894 - $163.6 -
1970 $3,306 - $186.9 -
1971 $3,736 - $188.8 -
1972 $4,414 - $199.4 -
1973 $5,690 - $220.2 -
1974 $6,812 - $268.7 -
1975 $8,204 - $279.8 -
1976 $8,927 - $260.3 -
1977 $10,266 - $292.1 -
1978 $11,463 - $191 -
1979 $13,047 - $230.8 -
1980 $15,772 - $271.1 -
1981 $15,513 - $292.5 -
1982 $15,225 - $312 -
1983 $14,928 - $336 -
1984 $14,989 - $391 -
1985 $15,754 - $385 -
1986 $18,883 - $407 -
1987 $22,506 - $420 -
1988 $24,207 - $434 -
1989 $24,281 - $430 -
1990 $28,243 $18,449 $491 $2,527
1991 $28,597 $19,567 $546 $2,713
1992 $30,524 $20,609 $580 $2,851
1993 $27,964 $21,569 $607 $3,067
1994 $29,316 $23,012 $678 $3,260
1995 $34,876 $24,344 $742 $3,454
1996 $37,322 $26,816 $776 $3,582
1997 $36,629 $28,603 $827 $3,804
1998 $34,803 $28,198 $849 $3,952
1999 $36,393 $30,574 $826 $4,103
2000 $38,178 $36,986 $846 $4,368
2001 $38,602 $37,833 $804 $4,328
2002 $43,171 $38,056 $835 $4,522
2003 $50,250 $38,685 $946 $4,850
2004 $57,769 $42,673 $1,029 $5,216
2005 $67,047 $47,967 $1,207 $5,679
2006 $74,434 $54,369 $1,390 $6,261
2007 $85,502 $56,181 $1,579 $6,820
2008 $97,504 $62,073 $1,974 $7,317
2009 $80,348 $55,619 $2,027 $7,576
2010 $88,163 $58,220 $2,808 $8,234
2011 $101,222 $62,460 $3,225 $9,076
2012 $102,176 $65,774 $3,328 $10,249
2013 $103,554 $67,378 $3,741 $11,253
2014 $97,667 $66,332 $3,972 $11,721
2015 $74,810 $60,754 $4,058 $12,227
2016 $70,867 $59,280 $4,149 $13,079
2017 $76,132 $64,590 $4,399 $13,610
2018 $82,793 $70,254 $4,359 $14,178
2019 $76,431 $70,940 $4,082 $14,113
2020 $68,340 $67,111 $3,848 $12,941
2021 $93,073 $88,984 $3,997 $14,316
2022 $109,270 $123,150 $3,343 $14,194
2023 $87,497 $100,437 $3,799 $14,456
2024 $86,810 $101,032 $4,516 $15,633

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Norway's government spending was $230B, accounting for 47.9% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka's spent $19.1B, or 20.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.7% in Norway and 105.6% in Sri Lanka, ranking 128/185 and 18/185, respectively.

Norway
Government spending

Government debt
Sri Lanka
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Norway Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 18% 29.8% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1967 34.9% 22.6% - -
1968 36.2% 22.5% - -
1969 38% 22.3% - -
1970 38.9% 38.6% - -
1971 40.7% 38.5% - -
1972 42.2% 38.9% - -
1973 42.3% 37.7% - -
1974 42.2% 35.4% - -
1975 43.5% 36.7% - -
1976 45.2% 38.5% - -
1977 46.5% 43.8% - -
1978 47.9% 49.9% - -
1979 47.2% 39.6% - -
1980 46.1% 36.8% - -
1981 46.1% 32.9% - -
1982 46.6% 29.7% - -
1983 46.4% 27.4% - -
1984 44.5% 27.8% - -
1985 44% 30.2% - -
1986 48.1% 37.8% - -
1987 50.5% 31.3% - -
1988 52.6% 30.5% - -
1989 52.2% 30.4% - -
1990 48.9% 28.9% 25.4% 78.9%
1991 50% 39.2% 26.4% 80.5%
1992 51.3% 45% 23% 77.9%
1993 50.2% 53.7% 23.2% 79.2%
1994 49.4% 50.6% 24.1% 77.9%
1995 49.3% 32.7% 24.8% 77.8%
1996 47% 28.4% 23.1% 76.2%
1997 45.5% 25.8% 21.4% 70.1%
1998 47.8% 23.6% 21.4% 74.2%
1999 46.4% 25% 20.5% 77.7%
2000 41.3% 28.7% 21.7% 79.2%
2001 43.2% 27.2% 22.4% 84.4%
2002 46.1% 33.9% 20.8% 96.3%
2003 47.6% 43.1% 19.3% 86.5%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 19.3% 86.5%
2005 41.8% 42.3% 20.1% 76.6%
2006 40.5% 52.6% 20.5% 74.3%
2007 41% 49.5% 19.9% 71.8%
2008 39.8% 47.5% 19.1% 68.8%
2009 45.6% 42.5% 21% 72.8%
2010 44.5% 43% 19.3% 68.7%
2011 43.3% 29.6% 19.1% 69.4%
2012 42.4% 30.9% 17.3% 67.5%
2013 43.5% 31.4% 16.6% 69.5%
2014 45.2% 29.7% 17.2% 69.6%
2015 48.2% 34.3% 19.3% 76.3%
2016 50.4% 37.9% 18.2% 75%
2017 49.2% 38.3% 17.9% 72.3%
2018 47.7% 39.4% 17.5% 83.6%
2019 50.2% 40.6% 19.5% 82.6%
2020 56.7% 46.1% 22.1% 96.9%
2021 46.3% 41.6% 20% 102.7%
2022 37.5% 36.1% 18.6% 115.9%
2023 45.9% 44.2% 19.5% 110.4%
2024 47.5% 42.7% 19.3% 99.4%
2025 47.9% 42.7% 20.2% 105.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $61.8B, equivalent to 12.8% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of -$5.58B, or -5.64% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to +8.74% of GDP, compared to deficit of -6.85% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Sri Lanka
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Sri Lanka
1881 -1.13% -
1882 -0.62% -
1883 -0.17% -
1884 -0.08% -
1885 -0.005% -
1886 -0.2% -
1887 -0.17% -
1888 -0.23% -
1889 -0.07% -
1890 -0.2% -
1891 -0.44% -
1892 -0.94% -
1893 -1.25% -
1894 -1.13% -
1895 -1.66% -
1896 -1.57% -
1897 -0.63% -
1898 -1.39% -
1899 -1.35% -
1900 -1.99% -
1901 -1.41% -
1902 -1.52% -
1903 -1.12% -
1904 -0.75% -
1905 -0.52% -
1906 -0.59% -
1907 0.16% -
1908 -0.06% -
1909 -0.52% -
1910 0.3% -
1911 -0.05% -
1912 -0.89% -
1913 -0.9% -
1914 -1.09% -
1915 -2.04% -
1916 -0.36% -
1917 0.2% -
1918 -1.17% -
1919 -2.11% -
1920 -1.15% -
1921 -5.47% -
1922 -4.28% -
1923 -3.58% -
1924 -2.96% -
1925 -1.92% -
1926 -1.59% -
1927 -0.76% -
1928 -0.81% -
1929 -0.83% -
1930 -0.46% -
1931 -1.15% -
1932 -1.14% -
1933 -1.29% -
1934 -0.59% -
1935 -1.1% -
1936 -0.7% -
1937 -0.16% -
1938 0.03% -
1939 -0.54% -
1940 -0.54% -
1941 -0.54% -
1942 -0.54% -
1943 -0.54% -
1944 -0.54% -
1945 -0.54% -
1946 -3.82% -
1947 -4.66% -
1948 -0.35% -
1949 -0.72% -
1950 -0.89% -
1951 1.59% -
1952 2.15% -
1953 1.3% -
1954 -0.54% -
1955 0.82% -
1956 1.22% -
1957 1.55% -
1958 1.7% -
1959 1.89% -
1960 1.42% -
1961 -0.7% -
1962 4% -
1963 2.6% -
1964 3.08% -
1965 2.78% -
1966 3.59% -
1967 4.19% -
1968 3.38% -
1969 3.57% -
1970 2.83% -
1971 3.71% -
1972 3.93% -
1973 4.99% -
1974 4.06% -
1975 2.88% -
1976 2.2% -
1977 1.01% -
1978 0.94% -
1979 2.16% -
1980 5.38% -
1981 4.82% -
1982 3.96% -
1983 6.03% -
1984 6.97% -
1985 9.84% -
1986 5.87% -
1987 4.56% -
1988 2.65% -
1989 1.81% -
1990 1.95% -6.39%
1991 -0.12% -7.97%
1992 -2.07% -4.95%
1993 -1.64% -5.77%
1994 0.04% -7.41%
1995 2.96% -7.11%
1996 6.01% -6.89%
1997 7.35% -5.71%
1998 3.07% -6.79%
1999 5.71% -5.58%
2000 15% -7.78%
2001 13.2% -8.48%
2002 9.03% -6.9%
2003 7.2% -6.15%
2004 10.8% -6.32%
2005 14.7% -5.93%
2006 17.9% -5.91%
2007 17% -5.81%
2008 18.5% -5.93%
2009 10.2% -8.33%
2010 10.9% -6.73%
2011 13.3% -6.01%
2012 13.7% -5.44%
2013 10.6% -5%
2014 8.57% -5.99%
2015 5.99% -6.64%
2016 4.04% -5%
2017 4.96% -5.1%
2018 7.81% -4.96%
2019 6.52% -7.52%
2020 -2.56% -13.4%
2021 10.3% -11.7%
2022 25.5% -10.2%
2023 16.6% -8.32%
2024 12.8% -5.64%
2025 13.2% -5.49%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 9.57% in Sri Lanka. In 2024, inflation was 3.15% in Norway and -0.43% in Sri Lanka.

Inflation
Norway

Sri Lanka
Year Inflation
Norway Sri Lanka Norway Sri Lanka
1996 1.26% 15.9%
1997 2.57% 9.57%
1998 2.25% 9.36%
1999 2.37% 4.69%
2000 3.09% 6.18%
2001 3% 14.2%
2002 1.29% 9.55%
2003 2.49% 6.31%
2004 0.45% 7.58%
2005 1.53% 11.6%
2006 2.33% 10%
2007 0.71% 15.8%
2008 3.75% 22.6%
2009 2.2% 3.46%
2010 2.42% 6.22%
2011 1.28% 6.72%
2012 0.7% 7.54%
2013 2.12% 6.91%
2014 2.04% 3.18%
2015 2.17% 3.77%
2016 3.55% 3.96%
2017 1.88% 7.7%
2018 2.76% 2.14%
2019 2.17% 3.53%
2020 1.29% 6.15%
2021 3.48% 7.01%
2022 5.76% 49.7%
2023 5.52% 16.5%
2024 3.15% -0.43%

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $7.36M
Miscellaneous $5.25M
Chemicals & pharma $755K
Textiles & consumer goods $747K
Metals $342K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $206K
Animal & marine products $188K
Raw materials & minerals $142K
Wood & paper products $21K
Precious metals & jewellery $19K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $39.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.85M
Raw materials & minerals $3.45M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.77M
Raw agricultural goods $1.4M
Animal & marine products $93K
Precious metals & jewellery $41K
Wood & paper products $16K
Chemicals & pharma $12K
Metals $6K

Balance of trade

Norway Sri Lanka
Current account balance
$79.8B
2024
$1.56B
2023
Current account balance ranking
8/189
2024
50/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+16.5%
2024
+1.86%
2023
Goods imports
$98.7B
2024
$16.8B
2023
Goods exports
$171B
2024
$11.9B
2023
Service imports
$64.6B
2024
$2.01B
2023
Service exports
$56.8B
2024
$5.42B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2024
22.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
47.6%
2024
19.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 78.3 49.4
Economic freedom ranking 10/197 164/197
Property rights 97.7 51.3
Government integrity 94.8 37.4
Judicial effectiveness 98.5 47.4
Tax burden 62.4 77.5
Government spending 44 88.8
Fiscal health 96.1 0
Business freedom 86.7 55.8
Labor freedom 69.3 54.6
Monetary freedom 70.3 54.5
Trade freedom 85 65
Investment freedom 75 30
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.3, ranking 10/197, compared to 49.4 for Sri Lanka, ranking 164/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Norway
Sri Lanka
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Sri Lanka
1995 - 60.6
1996 65.4 62.5
1997 65.1 65.5
1998 68 64.6
1999 68.6 64
2000 70.1 63.2
2001 67.1 66
2002 67.4 64
2003 67.2 62.5
2004 66.2 61.6
2005 64.5 61
2006 67.9 58.7
2007 67.9 59.4
2008 68.6 58.4
2009 70.2 56
2010 69.4 54.6
2011 70.3 57.1
2012 68.8 58.3
2013 70.5 60.7
2014 70.9 60
2015 71.8 58.6
2016 70.8 59.9
2017 74 57.4
2018 74.3 57.8
2019 73 56.4
2020 73.4 57.4
2021 73.4 55.7
2022 76.9 53.3
2023 76.9 52.2
2024 77.5 49.2
2025 78.3 49.4

More economic indicators

Norway Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
51.8%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
37%
2024
25.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.04%
2024
8.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$548B
2024
$84.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$105,770
2024
$15,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$81.2B
2024
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
32/177
2024
92/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$9.78B
2024
-$678M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.6B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.86B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
3.48%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Norway vs Sri Lanka
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.