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Economy of Norway vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Norway has a GDP of $531B compared to $109B for Sri Lanka, ranking 32/197 and 71/197 by economy size, respectively.

Norway has $239B in government debt (45% of GDP), compared to $100B (100.8% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

Norway vs Sri Lanka GDP by year

Norway
Sri Lanka
1x
Year GDP, current $
Norway Sri Lanka
2025 $530,755,719,439 $108,825,231,671
2024 $500,886,328,034 $99,616,111,266
2023 $502,197,633,323 $84,080,307,356
2022 $617,321,834,099 $74,143,020,304
2021 $521,592,200,233 $88,556,699,052
2020 $382,252,517,922 $84,335,574,372
2019 $424,244,886,364 $88,998,706,178
2018 $454,588,871,811 $94,450,015,983
2017 $415,673,181,543 $94,369,350,439
2016 $383,284,047,619 $88,000,210,878
2015 $400,669,174,331 $85,090,300,896
2014 $515,829,568,897 $82,531,125,462
2013 $540,132,255,319 $76,976,204,075
2012 $525,082,939,407 $70,447,216,891
2011 $512,868,581,628 $67,753,285,882
2010 $440,132,138,425 $58,636,049,581
2009 $395,664,488,017 $42,066,224,093
2008 $472,060,283,688 $40,713,826,215
2007 $407,813,774,161 $32,350,238,760
2006 $349,773,283,645 $28,267,410,543
2005 $311,417,306,946 $24,405,791,045
2004 $265,662,977,688 $20,662,525,941
2003 $229,192,678,173 $18,881,765,437
2002 $195,359,978,957 $16,536,535,647
2001 $173,590,978,347 $15,749,753,805
2000 $170,620,327,660 $16,595,882,819
1999 $161,304,620,987 $15,711,933,513
1998 $152,955,958,172 $15,760,736,956
1997 $160,013,571,974 $15,091,913,884
1996 $162,427,517,132 $13,897,738,375
1995 $151,083,627,983 $13,029,697,561
1994 $126,324,387,894 $11,717,604,209
1993 $119,841,699,440 $10,338,679,636
1992 $129,998,873,602 $9,703,011,636
1991 $121,149,331,318 $9,000,362,582
1990 $119,344,377,526 $8,032,551,173
1989 $102,226,808,603 $6,987,267,684
1988 $101,497,621,605 $6,978,371,581
1987 $93,913,320,965 $6,682,167,120
1986 $78,438,205,742 $6,405,210,564
1985 $65,211,464,198 $5,978,460,972
1984 $61,866,078,539 $6,043,474,843
1983 $61,417,685,434 $5,167,913,302
1982 $62,453,362,256 $4,768,765,017
1981 $63,392,804,251 $4,415,844,156
1980 $64,176,789,764 $4,024,621,900
1979 $52,935,763,512 $3,364,611,432
1978 $46,355,988,784 $2,733,183,857
1977 $41,362,637,363 $4,104,509,583
1976 $35,815,449,464 $3,591,319,857
1975 $32,742,543,381 $3,791,298,146
1974 $27,033,413,362 $3,574,586,466
1973 $22,433,660,550 $2,875,625,000
1972 $17,283,931,878 $2,553,936,348
1971 $14,523,306,736 $2,369,308,600
1970 $12,753,503,479 $2,296,470,588
1969 $11,083,505,596 $1,965,546,218
1968 $10,178,705,992 $1,801,344,538
1967 $9,532,076,026 $1,859,465,021
1966 $8,712,528,095 $1,751,470,588
1965 $8,073,570,566 $1,698,319,328
1964 $7,172,430,304 $1,309,747,899
1963 $6,522,268,053 $1,240,672,269
1962 $6,078,186,245 $1,434,156,379
1961 $5,642,867,672 $1,444,327,731
1960 $5,172,811,442 $1,409,873,950

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/sri-lanka | CC BY

GDP per capita in Norway vs Sri Lanka by year

Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Norway Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $94,594 - $5,002 -
2024 $89,889 $102,038 $4,545 $15,633
2023 $90,984 $103,638 $3,815 $14,456
2022 $113,122 $125,490 $3,343 $14,194
2021 $96,443 $88,984 $3,997 $14,316
2020 $71,058 $67,111 $3,848 $12,941
2019 $79,329 $70,940 $4,082 $14,113
2018 $85,579 $70,254 $4,359 $14,178
2017 $78,771 $64,590 $4,399 $13,610
2016 $73,222 $59,280 $4,149 $13,079
2015 $77,221 $60,738 $4,058 $12,227
2014 $100,410 $66,332 $3,972 $11,721
2013 $106,333 $67,378 $3,739 $11,253
2012 $104,628 $65,774 $3,328 $10,249
2011 $103,545 $62,460 $3,225 $9,076
2010 $90,020 $58,213 $2,808 $8,234
2009 $81,940 $55,648 $2,027 $7,576
2008 $99,002 $62,073 $1,974 $7,317
2007 $86,600 $56,179 $1,579 $6,820
2006 $75,048 $54,358 $1,389 $6,261
2005 $67,358 $47,967 $1,207 $5,679
2004 $57,855 $42,667 $1,029 $5,216
2003 $50,208 $38,680 $946 $4,850
2002 $43,048 $38,056 $835 $4,522
2001 $38,458 $37,829 $804 $4,328
2000 $37,992 $36,994 $860 $4,368
1999 $36,151 $30,574 $829 $4,103
1998 $34,516 $28,200 $848 $3,952
1997 $36,324 $28,610 $827 $3,804
1996 $37,073 $26,826 $776 $3,582
1995 $34,659 $24,360 $742 $3,454
1994 $29,130 $23,027 $678 $3,260
1993 $27,793 $21,584 $607 $3,067
1992 $30,328 $20,623 $580 $2,851
1991 $28,427 $19,580 $546 $2,713
1990 $28,137 $18,461 $491 $2,527
1989 $24,185 - $430 -
1988 $24,112 - $434 -
1987 $22,430 - $420 -
1986 $18,822 - $407 -
1985 $15,704 - $385 -
1984 $14,943 - $391 -
1983 $14,877 - $336 -
1982 $15,178 - $312 -
1981 $15,463 - $292.5 -
1980 $15,708 - $271.1 -
1979 $12,998 - $230.8 -
1978 $11,421 - $191 -
1977 $10,230 - $292.1 -
1976 $8,896 - $260.3 -
1975 $8,171 - $279.8 -
1974 $6,783 - $268.7 -
1973 $5,664 - $220.2 -
1972 $4,395 - $199.4 -
1971 $3,721 - $188.8 -
1970 $3,291 - $186.9 -
1969 $2,881 - $163.6 -
1968 $2,667 - $153.5 -
1967 $2,519 - $162.3 -
1966 $2,321 - $156.6 -
1965 $2,168 - $155.6 -
1964 $1,941 - $122.9 -
1963 $1,779 - $119.4 -
1962 $1,670 - $141.4 -
1961 $1,563 - $145.9 -
1960 $1,444 - $145.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/sri-lanka | CC BY

Norway's GDP per capita is $94,594, ranking 9/197, compared to $5,002 in Sri Lanka, ranking 124/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Norway ranks 7th at $102,038, while Sri Lanka ranks 111th at $15,633.

Economic indicators

Norway Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$531B
2025
$109B
2025
GDP rank
32/197
2025
71/197
2025
GDP growth
1.09%
2024-2025
4.95%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$94,594
2025
$5,002
2025
GDP per capita rank
9/197
2025
124/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$102,038
2024
$15,633
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
7/197
2024
111/197
2024
Government debt
$239B
2025
$100B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
45%
2025
100.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$42,567
2025
$4,584
2024
Government debt per person rank
15/185
2025
90/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,036
2026
$2,830
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$296B
2019
$26.1B
2025
Number of millionaires
348,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
17
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.6%
2023
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.6%
2025
19.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.06%
2024-2025
-4.76%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
4.25%
2026
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.5%
2025
4.32%
2024
Population
5660666
21926160

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Norway
Spending

Debt
Sri Lanka
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Norway Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.6% 45% - -
2024 46.9% 52.8% 19.1% 100.8%
2023 44.2% 42.4% 19.5% 110.4%
2022 36.2% 34.8% 18.6% 115.9%
2021 44.7% 40.1% 20% 102.7%
2020 54.5% 44.3% 22.1% 96.9%
2019 48.4% 39% 19.5% 82.6%
2018 46.1% 38.1% 17.5% 83.6%
2017 47.6% 36.9% 17.9% 72.3%
2016 48.8% 36.7% 18.2% 75%
2015 46.7% 33.2% 19.3% 76.3%
2014 44% 28.8% 17.2% 69.6%
2013 42.3% 30.6% 16.6% 69.5%
2012 41.4% 30.2% 17.3% 67.5%
2011 42.3% 28.9% 19.1% 69.4%
2010 43.6% 42.1% 19.3% 68.7%
2009 44.7% 41.7% 21% 72.8%
2008 39.2% 46.8% 19.1% 68.8%
2007 40.5% 48.9% 19.9% 71.8%
2006 40.1% 52.2% 20.5% 74.3%
2005 41.6% 42.1% 20.1% 76.6%
2004 44.7% 43.8% 19.3% 86.5%
2003 47.7% 43.1% 19.3% 86.5%
2002 46.3% 34% 20.8% 96.3%
2001 43.4% 27.3% 22.4% 84.4%
2000 41.5% 28.8% 21.7% 79.2%
1999 46.7% 25.1% 20.5% 77.7%
1998 48.2% 23.8% 21.4% 74.2%
1997 45.9% 26% 21.4% 70.1%
1996 47.4% 28.6% 23.1% 76.2%
1995 49.6% 32.9% 24.8% 77.8%
1994 49.7% 51% 24.1% 77.9%
1993 50.5% 54% 23.2% 79.2%
1992 51.6% 45.3% 23% 77.9%
1991 50.3% 39.5% 26.4% 80.5%
1990 49.1% 29.1% 25.4% 78.9%
1989 52.2% 30.4% - -
1988 52.6% 30.5% - -
1987 50.5% 31.3% - -
1986 48.1% 37.8% - -
1985 44% 30.2% - -
1984 44.5% 27.8% - -
1983 46.4% 27.4% - -
1982 46.6% 29.7% - -
1981 46.1% 32.9% - -
1980 46.1% 36.8% - -
1979 47.2% 39.6% - -
1978 47.9% 49.9% - -
1977 46.5% 43.8% - -
1976 45.2% 38.5% - -
1975 43.5% 36.7% - -
1974 42.2% 35.4% - -
1973 42.3% 37.7% - -
1972 42.2% 38.9% - -
1971 40.7% 38.5% - -
1970 38.9% 38.6% - -
1969 38% 22.3% - -
1968 36.2% 22.5% - -
1967 34.9% 22.6% - -
1966 33.5% 22.4% - -
1965 32.9% 23% - -
1964 32% 24.2% - -
1963 31.9% 25.3% - -
1962 30.6% 26.7% - -
1961 20.4% 27.7% - -
1960 18% 29.8% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2025, Norway's government spending was $263B, accounting for 49.6% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka spent $19B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 45% in Norway and 100.8% in Sri Lanka, ranking 117/185 and 24/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Norway

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Norway Sri Lanka
2025 9.34% -
2024 12.8% -5.43%
2023 15.9% -8.32%
2022 24.7% -10.2%
2021 9.93% -11.7%
2020 -2.46% -13.4%
2019 6.28% -7.52%
2018 7.56% -4.96%
2017 4.79% -5.1%
2016 3.91% -5%
2015 5.8% -6.64%
2014 8.34% -5.99%
2013 10.3% -5%
2012 13.4% -5.44%
2011 13% -6.01%
2010 10.6% -6.73%
2009 10% -8.33%
2008 18.3% -5.93%
2007 16.8% -5.81%
2006 17.7% -5.91%
2005 14.7% -5.93%
2004 10.8% -6.32%
2003 7.21% -6.15%
2002 9.05% -6.9%
2001 13.2% -8.48%
2000 15.1% -7.78%
1999 5.75% -5.58%
1998 3.09% -6.79%
1997 7.41% -5.71%
1996 6.05% -6.89%
1995 2.98% -7.11%
1994 0.04% -7.41%
1993 -1.65% -5.77%
1992 -2.08% -4.95%
1991 -0.12% -7.97%
1990 1.96% -6.39%
1989 1.81% -
1988 2.65% -
1987 4.56% -
1986 5.87% -
1985 9.84% -
1984 6.97% -
1983 6.03% -
1982 3.96% -
1981 4.82% -
1980 5.38% -
1979 2.16% -
1978 0.94% -
1977 1.01% -
1976 2.2% -
1975 2.88% -
1974 4.06% -
1973 4.99% -
1972 3.93% -
1971 3.71% -
1970 2.83% -
1969 3.57% -
1968 3.38% -
1967 4.19% -
1966 3.59% -
1965 2.78% -
1964 3.08% -
1963 2.6% -
1962 4% -
1961 -0.7% -
1960 1.42% -
1959 1.89% -
1958 1.7% -
1957 1.55% -
1956 1.22% -
1955 0.82% -
1954 -0.54% -
1953 1.3% -
1952 2.15% -
1951 1.59% -
1950 -0.89% -
1949 -0.72% -
1948 -0.35% -
1947 -4.66% -
1946 -3.82% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -0.54% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 -0.16% -
1936 -0.7% -
1935 -1.1% -
1934 -0.59% -
1933 -1.29% -
1932 -1.14% -
1931 -1.15% -
1930 -0.46% -
1929 -0.83% -
1928 -0.81% -
1927 -0.76% -
1926 -1.59% -
1925 -1.92% -
1924 -2.96% -
1923 -3.58% -
1922 -4.28% -
1921 -5.47% -
1920 -1.15% -
1919 -2.11% -
1918 -1.17% -
1917 0.2% -
1916 -0.36% -
1915 -2.04% -
1914 -1.09% -
1913 -0.9% -
1912 -0.89% -
1911 -0.05% -
1910 0.3% -
1909 -0.52% -
1908 -0.06% -
1907 0.16% -
1906 -0.59% -
1905 -0.52% -
1904 -0.75% -
1903 -1.12% -
1902 -1.52% -
1901 -1.41% -
1900 -1.99% -
1899 -1.35% -
1898 -1.39% -
1897 -0.63% -
1896 -1.57% -
1895 -1.66% -
1894 -1.13% -
1893 -1.25% -
1892 -0.94% -
1891 -0.44% -
1890 -0.2% -
1889 -0.07% -
1888 -0.23% -
1887 -0.17% -
1886 -0.2% -
1885 -0.005% -
1884 -0.08% -
1883 -0.17% -
1882 -0.62% -
1881 -1.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Norway's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $64B, equivalent to 12.8% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of $5.4B, or 5.43% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Norway recorded a fiscal deficit in 4 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Norway posted an annual surplus equal to 8.6% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.84% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Norway

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Norway Sri Lanka
2025 3.06% -4.76%
2024 3.15% -0.43%
2023 5.52% 16.5%
2022 5.76% 49.7%
2021 3.48% 7.01%
2020 1.29% 6.15%
2019 2.17% 3.53%
2018 2.76% 2.14%
2017 1.88% 7.7%
2016 3.55% 3.96%
2015 2.17% 3.77%
2014 2.04% 3.18%
2013 2.12% 6.91%
2012 0.7% 7.54%
2011 1.28% 6.72%
2010 2.42% 6.22%
2009 2.2% 3.46%
2008 3.75% 22.6%
2007 0.71% 15.8%
2006 2.33% 10%
2005 1.53% 11.6%
2004 0.45% 7.58%
2003 2.49% 6.31%
2002 1.29% 9.55%
2001 3% 14.2%
2000 3.09% 6.18%
1999 2.37% 4.69%
1998 2.25% 9.36%
1997 2.57% 9.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/sri-lanka | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Norway has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.46%, compared with 8.86% in Sri Lanka. In 2025, inflation was 3.06% in Norway and -4.76% in Sri Lanka.

Top exports between countries

Norway
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $6.57M
Machinery & equipment $4.12M
Textiles & consumer goods $693K
Chemicals & pharma $677K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $300K
Raw materials & minerals $259K
Animal & marine products $245K
Metals $144K
Wood & paper products $29K
Precious metals & jewellery $22K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $39.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.85M
Raw materials & minerals $3.45M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.77M
Raw agricultural goods $1.4M
Animal & marine products $93K
Precious metals & jewellery $41K
Wood & paper products $16K
Chemicals & pharma $12K
Metals $6K

Balance of trade

Norway Sri Lanka
Current account balance
$74.1B
2025
$1.21B
2024
Current account balance ranking
10/190
2025
49/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14%
2025
+1.21%
2024
Goods imports
$105B
2025
$18.8B
2024
Goods exports
$177B
2025
$12.8B
2024
Service imports
$73.9B
2025
$3.48B
2024
Service exports
$63.5B
2025
$6.91B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.7%
2025
22.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
45.4%
2025
19%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Norway Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 78.8 50.3
Economic freedom ranking 9/197 162/197
Property rights 99.6 47.3
Government integrity 94.3 37.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 47.2
Tax burden 63.3 77
Government spending 42 89
Fiscal health 96.4 0
Business freedom 91.2 60.1
Labor freedom 69.3 54.3
Monetary freedom 72.4 65.9
Trade freedom 85.6 65.6
Investment freedom 75 30
Financial freedom 60 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Norway
Sri Lanka
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Norway Sri Lanka
2026 78.8 50.3
2025 78.3 49.4
2024 77.5 49.2
2023 76.9 52.2
2022 76.9 53.3
2021 73.4 55.7
2020 73.4 57.4
2019 73 56.4
2018 74.3 57.8
2017 74 57.4
2016 70.8 59.9
2015 71.8 58.6
2014 70.9 60
2013 70.5 60.7
2012 68.8 58.3
2011 70.3 57.1
2010 69.4 54.6
2009 70.2 56
2008 68.6 58.4
2007 67.9 59.4
2006 67.9 58.7
2005 64.5 61
2004 66.2 61.6
2003 67.2 62.5
2002 67.4 64
2001 67.1 66
2000 70.1 63.2
1999 68.6 64
1998 68 64.6
1997 65.1 65.5
1996 65.4 62.5
1995 - 60.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/sri-lanka | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Norway is 78.8, ranking 9/197, compared to 50.3 for Sri Lanka, ranking 162/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Norway Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
55%
2025
54.6%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
34.5%
2025
25.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.64%
2025
8.36%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$546B
2025
$102B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$107,770
2025
$16,750
2025
Total reserves including gold
$85.5B
2025
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
34/177
2025
96/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$8.93B
2025
-$651M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.1B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$5.62B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.96%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2021
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
29.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/norway/sri-lanka | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.