Uganda ranked 89/197 by economy size with a GDP of $53.9B and 176/197 by GDP per capita at $1,078. Uganda has $27.8B in government debt, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 51.5%.
In 2024, Uganda made up 0.05% of the world's economy, compared to 0.03% in 1960.
Uganda GDP & GDP growth by year
| Year | GDP | GDP growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | $53,911,907,086 | 6.06% |
| 2023 | $48,768,955,863 | 5.34% |
| 2022 | $45,565,333,211 | 4.59% |
| 2021 | $40,529,788,749 | 3.54% |
| 2020 | $37,600,368,242 | 2.95% |
| 2019 | $35,353,061,003 | 6.44% |
| 2018 | $32,927,025,620 | 6.3% |
| 2017 | $30,744,473,841 | 3.13% |
| 2016 | $29,203,988,696 | 4.78% |
| 2015 | $32,387,183,730 | 5.19% |
| 2014 | $32,612,397,257 | 5.11% |
| 2013 | $28,915,786,517 | 3.59% |
| 2012 | $27,305,915,911 | 3.84% |
| 2011 | $27,871,725,241 | 9.39% |
| 2010 | $26,673,441,431 | 5.64% |
| 2009 | $25,127,805,567 | 6.8% |
| 2008 | $14,440,404,132 | 8.71% |
| 2007 | $11,902,564,495 | 8.41% |
| 2006 | $9,977,647,683 | 10.8% |
| 2005 | $9,239,221,763 | 6.33% |
| 2004 | $7,939,487,548 | 6.81% |
| 2003 | $6,606,884,275 | 6.47% |
| 2002 | $6,178,563,591 | 8.73% |
| 2001 | $5,840,503,869 | 5.18% |
| 2000 | $6,193,246,837 | 3.14% |
| 1999 | $5,998,563,258 | 8.05% |
| 1998 | $6,584,815,847 | 4.91% |
| 1997 | $6,269,333,313 | 5.1% |
| 1996 | $6,044,585,327 | 9.07% |
| 1995 | $5,755,818,842 | 11.5% |
| 1994 | $3,990,430,447 | 6.4% |
| 1993 | $3,220,439,044 | 8.33% |
| 1992 | $2,857,457,762 | 3.42% |
| 1991 | $3,321,729,160 | 5.55% |
| 1990 | $4,304,399,310 | 6.47% |
| 1989 | $5,276,480,799 | 6.36% |
| 1988 | $6,508,931,652 | 8.27% |
| 1987 | $6,269,522,042 | 3.96% |
| 1986 | $3,923,244,050 | 0.39% |
| 1985 | $3,519,695,444 | -3.31% |
| 1984 | $3,615,647,477 | -0.34% |
| 1983 | $2,240,333,333 | 5.74% |
| 1982 | $2,177,500,000 | - |
| 1981 | $1,337,300,000 | - |
| 1980 | $1,244,610,000 | - |
| 1979 | $2,139,025,000 | - |
| 1978 | $2,420,260,870 | - |
| 1977 | $2,936,470,588 | - |
| 1976 | $2,447,300,000 | - |
| 1975 | $2,359,555,556 | - |
| 1974 | $2,098,944,967 | - |
| 1973 | $1,701,829,789 | - |
| 1972 | $1,490,970,181 | - |
| 1971 | $1,417,191,656 | - |
| 1970 | $1,259,554,809 | - |
| 1969 | $1,168,556,629 | - |
| 1968 | $1,037,379,252 | - |
| 1967 | $967,240,655 | - |
| 1966 | $925,381,492 | - |
| 1965 | $884,502,310 | - |
| 1964 | $589,247,687 | - |
| 1963 | $516,315,231 | - |
| 1962 | $449,158,233 | - |
| 1961 | $441,667,335 | - |
| 1960 | $423,145,605 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/uganda | CC BY 
Uganda GDP per capita by year
| Year | Current $ | |
|---|---|---|
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $1,078 | $3,273 |
| 2023 | $1,002 | $3,098 |
| 2022 | $963 | $2,919 |
| 2021 | $883 | $2,685 |
| 2020 | $846 | $2,532 |
| 2019 | $822 | $2,441 |
| 2018 | $792 | $2,312 |
| 2017 | $765 | $2,158 |
| 2016 | $753 | $2,165 |
| 2015 | $863 | $2,190 |
| 2014 | $896 | $2,134 |
| 2013 | $818 | $2,045 |
| 2012 | $795 | $2,032 |
| 2011 | $836 | $2,268 |
| 2010 | $823 | $2,092 |
| 2009 | $799 | $2,015 |
| 2008 | $473 | $1,931 |
| 2007 | $401 | $1,795 |
| 2006 | $347 | $1,660 |
| 2005 | $330 | $1,497 |
| 2004 | $292.4 | $1,405 |
| 2003 | $250.7 | $1,320 |
| 2002 | $242 | $1,255 |
| 2001 | $236 | $1,173 |
| 2000 | $258.1 | $1,124 |
| 1999 | $257.9 | $1,100 |
| 1998 | $292.5 | $1,037 |
| 1997 | $286.8 | $1,007 |
| 1996 | $284.7 | $969 |
| 1995 | $278.5 | $897 |
| 1994 | $198.4 | $809 |
| 1993 | $165.6 | $770 |
| 1992 | $152.1 | $719 |
| 1991 | $183 | $703 |
| 1990 | $245 | $666 |
| 1989 | $310 | - |
| 1988 | $395 | - |
| 1987 | $393 | - |
| 1986 | $253.6 | - |
| 1985 | $234.3 | - |
| 1984 | $247.5 | - |
| 1983 | $157.5 | - |
| 1982 | $157 | - |
| 1981 | $98.6 | - |
| 1980 | $93.8 | - |
| 1979 | $164.5 | - |
| 1978 | $190.7 | - |
| 1977 | $237.6 | - |
| 1976 | $203.3 | - |
| 1975 | $201.2 | - |
| 1974 | $183.7 | - |
| 1973 | $152.7 | - |
| 1972 | $137 | - |
| 1971 | $133.5 | - |
| 1970 | $122 | - |
| 1969 | $116.7 | - |
| 1968 | $106.9 | - |
| 1967 | $102.8 | - |
| 1966 | $101.4 | - |
| 1965 | $100 | - |
| 1964 | $68.6 | - |
| 1963 | $62 | - |
| 1962 | $55.5 | - |
| 1961 | $56.2 | - |
| 1960 | $55.4 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/uganda | CC BY
Uganda has a GDP per capita of $1,078, ranking 176/197, a GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) of $3,273, ranking 176/197, and a median annual after tax income of $1,466, ranking 180/197.
Uganda GDP rankings by year
| Year | Rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | 88 | 165 | 162 |
| 2023 | 90 | 174 | 170 |
| 2022 | 91 | 177 | 171 |
| 2021 | 94 | 178 | 170 |
| 2020 | 94 | 175 | 170 |
| 2019 | 98 | 177 | 171 |
| 2018 | 101 | 178 | 171 |
| 2017 | 99 | 180 | 172 |
| 2016 | 99 | 177 | 172 |
| 2015 | 98 | 176 | 173 |
| 2014 | 99 | 177 | 171 |
| 2013 | 101 | 178 | 174 |
| 2012 | 100 | 177 | 171 |
| 2011 | 99 | 174 | 167 |
| 2010 | 97 | 171 | 170 |
| 2009 | 96 | 169 | 171 |
| 2008 | 113 | 187 | 171 |
| 2007 | 114 | 186 | 172 |
| 2006 | 115 | 184 | 176 |
| 2005 | 113 | 182 | 175 |
| 2004 | 112 | 183 | 176 |
| 2003 | 112 | 184 | 177 |
| 2002 | 112 | 182 | 175 |
| 2001 | 111 | 184 | 174 |
| 2000 | 108 | 179 | 175 |
| 1999 | 109 | 180 | 173 |
| 1998 | 100 | 174 | 171 |
| 1997 | 104 | 176 | 171 |
| 1996 | 104 | 175 | 170 |
| 1995 | 102 | 171 | 171 |
| 1994 | 111 | 172 | 170 |
| 1993 | 115 | 181 | 169 |
| 1992 | 121 | 178 | 170 |
| 1991 | 116 | 178 | 170 |
| 1990 | 106 | 169 | 169 |
| 1989 | 84 | 144 | - |
| 1988 | 79 | 139 | - |
| 1987 | 81 | 135 | - |
| 1986 | 87 | 142 | - |
| 1985 | 89 | 144 | - |
| 1984 | 88 | 141 | - |
| 1983 | 98 | 152 | - |
| 1982 | 97 | 152 | - |
| 1981 | 109 | 155 | - |
| 1980 | 112 | 155 | - |
| 1979 | 92 | 143 | - |
| 1978 | 88 | 134 | - |
| 1977 | 81 | 124 | - |
| 1976 | 83 | 122 | - |
| 1975 | 81 | 124 | - |
| 1974 | 80 | 122 | - |
| 1973 | 77 | 124 | - |
| 1972 | 76 | 123 | - |
| 1971 | 74 | 122 | - |
| 1970 | 75 | 124 | - |
| 1969 | 73 | 105 | - |
| 1968 | 74 | 105 | - |
| 1967 | 73 | 103 | - |
| 1966 | 72 | 104 | - |
| 1965 | 70 | 103 | - |
| 1964 | 75 | 109 | - |
| 1963 | 77 | 109 | - |
| 1962 | 79 | 109 | - |
| 1961 | 78 | 107 | - |
| 1960 | 76 | 105 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/uganda | CC BY
Compared with 2000, in 2024 Uganda is ranked 88th out of 182 by GDP (up from 108th), 165th by GDP per capita (up from 179th), and 162nd by GDP per capita PPP (up from 175th).
Economic indicators
Uganda
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$53.9B
2024 |
89/197 |
| GDP growth |
6.06%
2023-2024 |
22/194 |
| GDP per capita |
$1,078
2024 |
176/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$3,273
2024 |
176/197 |
| Government debt |
$27.8B
2024 |
92/185 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
51.5%
2024 |
103/185 |
| Government debt per person |
$555
2024 |
163/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,466
2026 |
180/197 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
34.5%
2019 |
18/169 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.4%
2019 |
112/169 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
18.7%
2024 |
167/195 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
3.3%
2023-2024 |
92/195 |
| Central bank interest rate |
9.75%
2024 |
29/106 |
| Unemployment rate |
3.42%
2021 |
141/196 |
| Population |
53170946
|
31/197 |
Government spending, deficit, and debt by year
| Year | % of GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Government spending | Government debt | Government deficit/surplus | |
| 2024 | 18.7% | 51.5% | -3.99% |
| 2023 | 19.3% | 50.5% | -4.87% |
| 2022 | 19.5% | 50.2% | -5.45% |
| 2021 | 22% | 50.3% | -7.76% |
| 2020 | 21.4% | 46.3% | -7.76% |
| 2019 | 18.3% | 37.5% | -4.82% |
| 2018 | 16.2% | 34.9% | -3.02% |
| 2017 | 16.3% | 33.6% | -3.83% |
| 2016 | 15.2% | 31.3% | -2.64% |
| 2015 | 14.9% | 28% | -2.59% |
| 2014 | 13.6% | 24.8% | -2.74% |
| 2013 | 13.3% | 22.1% | -3.19% |
| 2012 | 13.1% | 19.5% | -2.39% |
| 2011 | 13.2% | 18% | -2.04% |
| 2010 | 15.4% | 18.4% | -4.64% |
| 2009 | 11.8% | 14.8% | -1.61% |
| 2008 | 12.9% | 15.7% | -1.99% |
| 2007 | 13.2% | 17% | -0.82% |
| 2006 | 13.7% | 27.8% | -0.64% |
| 2005 | 14.5% | 42.6% | -0.17% |
| 2004 | 15.6% | 49% | 0.34% |
| 2003 | 16.5% | 55.1% | -0.97% |
| 2002 | 16.8% | 54.7% | -2.07% |
| 2001 | 16.2% | 51.4% | -0.99% |
| 2000 | 15.2% | 48.5% | -0.62% |
| 1999 | 14.7% | 47.7% | -1.24% |
| 1998 | 14% | 45.1% | -0.7% |
| 1997 | 13.9% | 44.2% | -0.83% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/uganda | CC BY
This chart shows Uganda's government spending, budget balance, and debt over time, each expressed as a share of GDP.
Over the past 28 years, Uganda recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of them, with an average annual deficit equal to 2.64% of GDP. In 2024, government spending reached $10.1B (18.7% of GDP), with a deficit of 3.99%.
The national debt reached $27.8B, ranking 92nd out of 185 countries by total size, with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 51.5%, ranking 103rd.
Inflation rate by year
| Year | Inflation |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 3.3% |
| 2023 | 5.4% |
| 2022 | 7.2% |
| 2021 | 2.2% |
| 2020 | 2.8% |
| 2019 | 2.1% |
| 2018 | 2.5% |
| 2017 | 5.6% |
| 2016 | 5.2% |
| 2015 | 3.7% |
| 2014 | 4.3% |
| 2013 | 5.5% |
| 2012 | 14% |
| 2011 | 18.7% |
| 2010 | 4% |
| 2009 | 13% |
| 2008 | 12% |
| 2007 | 6.1% |
| 2006 | 7.2% |
| 2005 | 8.6% |
| 2004 | 3.7% |
| 2003 | 8.7% |
| 2002 | -0.3% |
| 2001 | 1.9% |
| 2000 | 3.4% |
| 1999 | 5.8% |
| 1998 | 5.8% |
| 1997 | 7.7% |
| 1996 | 7.5% |
| 1995 | 6.8% |
| 1994 | 5.8% |
| 1993 | 30% |
| 1992 | 42.2% |
| 1991 | 20.8% |
| 1990 | 45.4% |
| 1989 | 130.8% |
| 1988 | 166.7% |
| 1987 | 215.4% |
| 1986 | 143.8% |
| 1985 | 100% |
| 1984 | 16.7% |
| 1983 | 150% |
| 1982 | 100% |
| 1981 | 100% |
| 1980 | 99.2% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1980–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/uganda | CC BY
Over the past 20 years, Uganda has had an average annual inflation rate of 6.67%. In 2024, inflation was 3.3%. The bar chart above shows consumer price inflation by year.
Balance of trade
|
Uganda
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$4.29B
2024 |
164/190 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-7.96%
2024 |
153/190 |
| Goods imports |
$11.7B
2024 |
103/189 |
| Goods exports |
$8.67B
2024 |
104/189 |
| Service imports |
$4.38B
2024 |
94/189 |
| Service exports |
$2.39B
2024 |
108/189 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
25.9%
2024 |
143/181 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
16.8%
2024 |
160/193 |
Uganda top 10 trading partners
Uganda's biggest trading partner accounting for 18.3% of all exports and imports is the United Arab Emirates, with a trade balance between the two of +$1.32B: Uganda exports $2.61B worth of goods and services to the United Arab Emirates and imports $1.29B.
Below is the list of the top 10 trade partners of Uganda.
| Rank | Country | Trade value | Share of total trade | Export to | Import from | Top export to | Top import from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
UAE
|
$3.9B | 18.3% | $2.61B | $1.29B | Precious metals & jewellery | Raw materials & minerals |
| 2 |
China
|
$2.81B | 13.2% | $92.6M | $2.72B | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 3 |
Tanzania
|
$1.85B | 8.68% | $165M | $1.69B | Raw materials & minerals | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 4 |
India
|
$1.73B | 8.13% | $459M | $1.27B | Precious metals & jewellery | Machinery & equipment |
| 5 |
Kenya
|
$1.41B | 6.63% | $590M | $824M | Raw agricultural goods | Raw materials & minerals |
| 6 |
Italy
|
$595M | 2.79% | $482M | $113M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
| 7 |
South Africa
|
$575M | 2.7% | $8.67M | $567M | Raw agricultural goods | Precious metals & jewellery |
| 8 |
South Sudan
|
$525M | 2.46% | $490M | $34.7M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Metals |
| 9 |
DR Congo
|
$500M | 2.35% | $478M | $21.6M | Processed food, beverages & tobacco | Metals |
| 10 |
Japan
|
$484M | 2.27% | $23M | $461M | Raw agricultural goods | Machinery & equipment |
Top 10 exports
|
Uganda
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Precious metals & jewellery | $3.38B | 35/190 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $2.15B | 56/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $1.43B | 105/188 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $859M | 87/192 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $386M | 131/193 |
| Animal & marine products | $261M | 85/192 |
| Metals | $255M | 107/192 |
| Machinery & equipment | $229M | 112/193 |
| Business & finance services | $228M | 105/188 |
| Government & miscellaneous services | $212M | 49/180 |
Top 10 imports
|
Uganda
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Precious metals & jewellery | $3.28B | 27/193 |
| Machinery & equipment | $2.84B | 109/193 |
| Raw materials & minerals | $2.63B | 105/193 |
| Transport & tourism services | $2.38B | 96/188 |
| Chemicals & pharma | $1.7B | 94/193 |
| Metals | $949M | 98/193 |
| Business & finance services | $916M | 92/188 |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $802M | 115/193 |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $687M | 113/193 |
| Raw agricultural goods | $637M | 100/193 |
Economic freedom indices
|
Uganda
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 52.4 | 149/197 |
| Property rights | 42.2 | 114/182 |
| Government integrity | 25.1 | 145/182 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 29.4 | 128/182 |
| Tax burden | 73.4 | 128/182 |
| Government spending | 89 | 35/180 |
| Fiscal health | 58.3 | 120/181 |
| Business freedom | 50.2 | 140/182 |
| Labor freedom | 55.9 | 95/182 |
| Monetary freedom | 77.1 | 51/180 |
| Trade freedom | 58 | 157/181 |
| Investment freedom | 30 | 158/181 |
| Financial freedom | 40 | 129/181 |
Economic freedom by year
| Year | Index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | Judicial effectiveness | Tax burden | Government spending | Fiscal health | |
| 2026 | 52.4 | 29.4 | 73.4 | 89 | 58.3 |
| 2025 | 51.3 | 29.2 | 73.6 | 87.7 | 35.5 |
| 2024 | 50.7 | 29.2 | 73.5 | 86.8 | 18.3 |
| 2023 | 51.4 | 24.3 | 73.5 | 87.4 | 23.3 |
| 2022 | 54.2 | 29.2 | 73.6 | 89.8 | 53.5 |
| 2021 | 58.6 | 36.5 | 73.2 | 91.6 | 63.2 |
| 2020 | 59.5 | 36.9 | 80.3 | 88.4 | 64.3 |
| 2019 | 59.7 | 38.5 | 73.3 | 88.7 | 68.6 |
| 2018 | 62 | 40.3 | 73 | 90.9 | 80.7 |
| 2017 | 60.9 | 34.6 | 73.7 | 91 | 78.1 |
| 2016 | 59.3 | - | 73.2 | 91.5 | - |
| 2015 | 59.7 | - | 73.3 | 89 | - |
| 2014 | 59.9 | - | 79.1 | 87.3 | - |
| 2013 | 61.1 | - | 80.6 | 84.3 | - |
| 2012 | 61.9 | - | 80.4 | 93 | - |
| 2011 | 61.7 | - | 80.6 | 90.5 | - |
| 2010 | 62.2 | - | 80.5 | 85.5 | - |
| 2009 | 63.5 | - | 80.4 | 86.9 | - |
| 2008 | 63.8 | - | 80.5 | 86 | - |
| 2007 | 63.1 | - | 80.6 | 83 | - |
| 2006 | 63.9 | - | 80.6 | 83.7 | - |
| 2005 | 62.9 | - | 80.7 | 81.1 | - |
| 2004 | 64.1 | - | 80.7 | 88.2 | - |
| 2003 | 60.1 | - | 80.9 | 78.5 | - |
| 2002 | 61 | - | 80.7 | 90.3 | - |
| 2001 | 60.4 | - | 81 | 92.3 | - |
| 2000 | 58.2 | - | 80.8 | 91.3 | - |
| 1999 | 64.8 | - | 80.8 | 92.1 | - |
| 1998 | 64.7 | - | 80.9 | 91.6 | - |
| 1997 | 66.6 | - | 81 | 89.6 | - |
| 1996 | 66.2 | - | 81.3 | 89.6 | - |
| 1995 | 62.9 | - | 81.5 | 89.6 | - |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).
GeoRank.org/economy/uganda | CC BY
Uganda is ranked 132/174 for economic freedom with a score of 52.4, compared to 50/162 and a score of 63.9 in 2006.
Other economic metrics
|
Uganda
|
Rank | |
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
43.1%
2024 |
166/191 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
24.9%
2024 |
89/194 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
24.6%
2024 |
21/193 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$50.9B
2024 |
90/194 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$3,190
2024 |
173/191 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$3.36B
2018 |
114/177 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$3.26B
2024 |
152/189 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$3.26B
2024 |
56/193 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$400K
2024 |
133/193 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
2.96%
2024 |
83/121 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
20.3%
2019 |
97/176 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
22.4%
2024 |
96/178 |
Compare Uganda vs other countries
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/uganda | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.