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Economy of Jordan vs Norway compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Jordan has a GDP of $61.6B compared to $531B for Norway, ranking 90/197 and 32/197 by economy size, respectively.

Jordan has $51B in government debt (82.8% of GDP), compared to $239B (45% of GDP) in Norway.

Jordan vs Norway GDP by year

Jordan
Norway
1x
Year GDP, current $
Jordan Norway
2025 $61,610,052,535 $530,755,719,439
2024 $58,618,380,563 $500,886,328,034
2023 $56,123,472,113 $502,197,633,323
2022 $53,516,930,141 $617,321,834,099
2021 $50,702,940,986 $521,592,200,233
2020 $47,931,770,986 $382,252,517,922
2019 $48,640,273,803 $424,244,886,364
2018 $47,435,850,423 $454,588,871,811
2017 $45,535,614,366 $415,673,181,543
2016 $43,688,498,732 $383,284,047,619
2015 $42,394,049,296 $400,669,174,331
2014 $40,535,098,592 $515,829,568,897
2013 $37,873,362,958 $540,132,255,319
2012 $34,854,017,887 $525,082,939,407
2011 $32,640,291,549 $512,868,581,628
2010 $30,202,773,521 $440,132,138,425
2009 $27,462,496,197 $395,664,488,017
2008 $25,651,620,831 $472,060,283,688
2007 $17,110,437,236 $407,813,774,161
2006 $15,056,981,664 $349,773,283,645
2005 $12,588,998,590 $311,417,306,946
2004 $11,411,706,629 $265,662,977,688
2003 $10,195,627,645 $229,192,678,173
2002 $9,582,510,578 $195,359,978,957
2001 $8,975,814,653 $173,590,978,347
2000 $8,460,789,845 $170,620,327,660
1999 $8,149,929,478 $161,304,620,987
1998 $7,912,270,804 $152,955,958,172
1997 $7,245,839,210 $160,013,571,974
1996 $6,927,503,526 $162,427,517,132
1995 $6,727,597,032 $151,083,627,983
1994 $6,236,295,978 $126,324,387,894
1993 $5,606,400,222 $119,841,699,440
1992 $5,310,833,194 $129,998,873,602
1991 $4,344,467,193 $121,149,331,318
1990 $4,160,087,508 $119,344,377,526
1989 $4,221,373,674 $102,226,808,603
1988 $6,277,451,829 $101,497,621,605
1987 $6,756,209,762 $93,913,320,965
1986 $6,402,050,485 $78,438,205,742
1985 $4,993,601,520 $65,211,464,198
1984 $4,967,162,160 $61,866,078,539
1983 $4,920,692,191 $61,417,685,434
1982 $4,681,240,993 $62,453,362,256
1981 $4,383,944,703 $63,392,804,251
1980 $3,910,044,474 $64,176,789,764
1979 $3,271,368,781 $52,935,763,512
1978 $2,602,208,589 $46,355,988,784
1977 $2,096,778,602 $41,362,637,363
1976 $1,708,521,219 $35,815,449,464
1975 $1,363,073,498 $32,742,543,381
1974 $1,197,483,949 $27,033,413,362
1973 $943,783,840 $22,433,660,550
1972 $788,479,685 $17,283,931,878
1971 $678,159,729 $14,523,306,736
1970 $639,519,744 $12,753,503,479
1969 $698,879,720 $11,083,505,596
1968 $561,119,776 $10,178,705,992
1967 $631,679,747 $9,532,076,026
1966 $657,999,737 $8,712,528,095
1965 $599,759,760 $8,073,570,566
1964 - $7,172,430,304
1963 - $6,522,268,053
1962 - $6,078,186,245
1961 - $5,642,867,672
1960 - $5,172,811,442

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/norway | CC BY

GDP per capita in Jordan vs Norway by year

Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Norway
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Jordan Norway
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,348 - $94,594 -
2024 $5,074 $10,821 $89,889 $102,038
2023 $4,906 $10,412 $90,984 $103,638
2022 $4,754 $9,927 $113,122 $125,490
2021 $4,582 $9,182 $96,443 $88,984
2020 $4,411 $9,579 $71,058 $67,111
2019 $4,558 $9,429 $79,329 $70,940
2018 $4,534 $9,042 $85,579 $70,254
2017 $4,449 $9,266 $78,771 $64,590
2016 $4,366 $8,748 $73,222 $59,280
2015 $4,442 $8,967 $77,221 $60,738
2014 $4,611 $9,145 $100,410 $66,332
2013 $4,739 $9,817 $106,333 $67,378
2012 $4,594 $9,739 $104,628 $65,774
2011 $4,363 $9,632 $103,545 $62,460
2010 $4,139 $9,417 $90,020 $58,213
2009 $3,845 $9,291 $81,940 $55,648
2008 $3,670 $8,983 $99,002 $62,073
2007 $2,506 $8,416 $86,600 $56,179
2006 $2,343 $8,046 $75,048 $54,358
2005 $2,088 $7,697 $67,358 $47,967
2004 $1,940 $7,074 $57,855 $42,667
2003 $1,776 $6,500 $50,208 $38,680
2002 $1,706 $6,256 $43,048 $38,056
2001 $1,632 $5,948 $38,458 $37,829
2000 $1,571 $5,641 $37,992 $36,994
1999 $1,545 $5,402 $36,151 $30,574
1998 $1,532 $5,264 $34,516 $28,200
1997 $1,436 $5,171 $36,324 $28,610
1996 $1,410 $5,055 $37,073 $26,826
1995 $1,416 $5,027 $34,659 $24,360
1994 $1,367 $4,830 $29,130 $23,027
1993 $1,289 $4,726 $27,793 $21,584
1992 $1,287 $4,654 $30,328 $20,623
1991 $1,110 $4,195 $28,427 $19,580
1990 $1,149 $4,317 $28,137 $18,461
1989 $1,260 - $24,185 -
1988 $1,966 - $24,112 -
1987 $2,217 - $22,430 -
1986 $2,200 - $18,822 -
1985 $1,797 - $15,704 -
1984 $1,871 - $14,943 -
1983 $1,939 - $14,877 -
1982 $1,929 - $15,178 -
1981 $1,885 - $15,463 -
1980 $1,750 - $15,708 -
1979 $1,519 - $12,998 -
1978 $1,249 - $11,421 -
1977 $1,039 - $10,230 -
1976 $873 - $8,896 -
1975 $718 - $8,171 -
1974 $651 - $6,783 -
1973 $531 - $5,664 -
1972 $460 - $4,395 -
1971 $412 - $3,721 -
1970 $409 - $3,291 -
1969 $474 - $2,881 -
1968 $409 - $2,667 -
1967 $497 - $2,519 -
1966 $558 - $2,321 -
1965 $546 - $2,168 -
1964 - - $1,941 -
1963 - - $1,779 -
1962 - - $1,670 -
1961 - - $1,563 -
1960 - - $1,444 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/norway | CC BY

Jordan's GDP per capita is $5,348, ranking 120/197, compared to $94,594 in Norway, ranking 9/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821, while Norway ranks 7th at $102,038.

Economic indicators

Jordan Norway
Gross domestic product
$61.6B
2025
$531B
2025
GDP rank
90/197
2025
32/197
2025
GDP growth
2.83%
2024-2025
1.09%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,348
2025
$94,594
2025
GDP per capita rank
120/197
2025
9/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$10,821
2024
$102,038
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
131/197
2024
7/197
2024
Government debt
$51B
2025
$239B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.8%
2025
45%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,430
2025
$42,567
2025
Government debt per person rank
91/185
2025
15/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,506
2026
$50,036
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$37.4B
2025
$296B
2019
Number of millionaires n/a
348,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
17
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27.4%
2010
21.6%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2010
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.7%
2025
49.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.77%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2025
4.25%
2026
Unemployment rate
16.8%
2024
4.5%
2025
Population
11538682
5660666

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Jordan
Spending

Debt
Norway
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Jordan Norway
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 33.7% 82.8% 49.6% 45%
2024 34.6% 82.1% 46.9% 52.8%
2023 33.9% 81% 44.2% 42.4%
2022 32.8% 80.7% 36.2% 34.8%
2021 33.8% 79.9% 44.7% 40.1%
2020 33% 77.9% 54.5% 44.3%
2019 32.7% 69.4% 48.4% 39%
2018 33.3% 67.9% 46.1% 38.1%
2017 31.7% 69.1% 47.6% 36.9%
2016 30% 70.7% 48.8% 36.7%
2015 32.3% 71.4% 46.7% 33.2%
2014 36.3% 68.2% 44% 28.8%
2013 34.5% 68.8% 42.3% 30.6%
2012 28.3% 64% 41.4% 30.2%
2011 29.3% 56.1% 42.3% 28.9%
2010 26.6% 53.4% 43.6% 42.1%
2009 30.7% 51.8% 44.7% 41.7%
2008 29.6% 47.9% 39.2% 46.8%
2007 32.4% 58.2% 40.5% 48.9%
2006 34% 60% 40.1% 52.2%
2005 36.6% 66.1% 41.6% 42.1%
2004 35.1% 73.8% 44.7% 43.8%
2003 35% 80.4% 47.7% 43.1%
2002 31.6% 85.9% 46.3% 34%
2001 30.6% 85.5% 43.4% 27.3%
2000 31.2% 89.9% 41.5% 28.8%
1999 31.8% 98.7% 46.7% 25.1%
1998 32.3% 96.3% 48.2% 23.8%
1997 30.7% 94.7% 45.9% 26%
1996 32.6% 101.2% 47.4% 28.6%
1995 32.1% 102.4% 49.6% 32.9%
1994 30.6% 112.1% 49.7% 51%
1993 32.5% 122.1% 50.5% 54%
1992 31.7% 134.7% 51.6% 45.3%
1991 39.6% 180.5% 50.3% 39.5%
1990 39.9% 197.7% 49.1% 29.1%
1989 42.5% 195.4% 52.2% 30.4%
1988 44.3% 129.3% 52.6% 30.5%
1987 42.1% 101.9% 50.5% 31.3%
1986 33.8% 84.3% 48.1% 37.8%
1985 42.4% 85.2% 44% 30.2%
1984 - - 44.5% 27.8%
1983 - - 46.4% 27.4%
1982 - - 46.6% 29.7%
1981 - - 46.1% 32.9%
1980 - - 46.1% 36.8%
1979 - - 47.2% 39.6%
1978 - - 47.9% 49.9%
1977 - - 46.5% 43.8%
1976 - - 45.2% 38.5%
1975 - - 43.5% 36.7%
1974 - - 42.2% 35.4%
1973 - - 42.3% 37.7%
1972 - - 42.2% 38.9%
1971 - - 40.7% 38.5%
1970 - - 38.9% 38.6%
1969 - - 38% 22.3%
1968 - - 36.2% 22.5%
1967 - - 34.9% 22.6%
1966 - - 33.5% 22.4%
1965 - - 32.9% 23%
1964 - - 32% 24.2%
1963 - - 31.9% 25.3%
1962 - - 30.6% 26.7%
1961 - - 20.4% 27.7%
1960 - - 18% 29.8%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Jordan's government spending was $20.8B, accounting for 33.7% of its GDP, while Norway spent $263B, or 49.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.8% in Jordan and 45% in Norway, ranking 39/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Jordan

Norway
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Jordan Norway
2025 -6.35% 9.34%
2024 -7.27% 12.8%
2023 -6.49% 15.9%
2022 -4.9% 24.7%
2021 -6.62% 9.93%
2020 -7.56% -2.46%
2019 -5.06% 6.28%
2018 -4.23% 7.56%
2017 -3.22% 4.79%
2016 -2.62% 3.91%
2015 -5.18% 5.8%
2014 -6.75% 8.34%
2013 -8.78% 10.3%
2012 -3.33% 13.4%
2011 -1.21% 13%
2010 0.19% 10.6%
2009 -2.28% 10%
2008 1.92% 18.3%
2007 2.76% 16.8%
2006 -1.86% 17.7%
2005 -2.2% 14.7%
2004 0.56% 10.8%
2003 -1.6% 7.21%
2002 -3.21% 9.05%
2001 -1.13% 13.2%
2000 -1.85% 15.1%
1999 -1.13% 5.75%
1998 -5.59% 3.09%
1997 -2.68% 7.41%
1996 -2.69% 6.05%
1995 -1.45% 2.98%
1994 -1.67% 0.04%
1993 -1.43% -1.65%
1992 2.07% -2.08%
1991 -8.1% -0.12%
1990 -6.82% 1.96%
1989 -6.89% 1.81%
1988 -13% 2.65%
1987 -13.4% 4.56%
1986 -2.39% 5.87%
1985 -6.9% 9.84%
1984 - 6.97%
1983 - 6.03%
1982 - 3.96%
1981 - 4.82%
1980 - 5.38%
1979 - 2.16%
1978 - 0.94%
1977 - 1.01%
1976 - 2.2%
1975 - 2.88%
1974 - 4.06%
1973 - 4.99%
1972 - 3.93%
1971 - 3.71%
1970 - 2.83%
1969 - 3.57%
1968 - 3.38%
1967 - 4.19%
1966 - 3.59%
1965 - 2.78%
1964 - 3.08%
1963 - 2.6%
1962 - 4%
1961 - -0.7%
1960 - 1.42%
1959 - 1.89%
1958 - 1.7%
1957 - 1.55%
1956 - 1.22%
1955 - 0.82%
1954 - -0.54%
1953 - 1.3%
1952 - 2.15%
1951 - 1.59%
1950 - -0.89%
1949 - -0.72%
1948 - -0.35%
1947 - -4.66%
1946 - -3.82%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -0.54%
1938 - 0.03%
1937 - -0.16%
1936 - -0.7%
1935 - -1.1%
1934 - -0.59%
1933 - -1.29%
1932 - -1.14%
1931 - -1.15%
1930 - -0.46%
1929 - -0.83%
1928 - -0.81%
1927 - -0.76%
1926 - -1.59%
1925 - -1.92%
1924 - -2.96%
1923 - -3.58%
1922 - -4.28%
1921 - -5.47%
1920 - -1.15%
1919 - -2.11%
1918 - -1.17%
1917 - 0.2%
1916 - -0.36%
1915 - -2.04%
1914 - -1.09%
1913 - -0.9%
1912 - -0.89%
1911 - -0.05%
1910 - 0.3%
1909 - -0.52%
1908 - -0.06%
1907 - 0.16%
1906 - -0.59%
1905 - -0.52%
1904 - -0.75%
1903 - -1.12%
1902 - -1.52%
1901 - -1.41%
1900 - -1.99%
1899 - -1.35%
1898 - -1.39%
1897 - -0.63%
1896 - -1.57%
1895 - -1.66%
1894 - -1.13%
1893 - -1.25%
1892 - -0.94%
1891 - -0.44%
1890 - -0.2%
1889 - -0.07%
1888 - -0.23%
1887 - -0.17%
1886 - -0.2%
1885 - -0.005%
1884 - -0.08%
1883 - -0.17%
1882 - -0.62%
1881 - -1.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/norway | CC BY

In 2025, Jordan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.91B, equivalent to 6.35% of GDP. This compares to Norway's surplus of $49.6B, or 9.34% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Jordan recorded a fiscal deficit in 36 of those years, while Norway ran a deficit in 4 years. On average, Jordan posted an annual deficit equal to 3.91% of GDP, compared to surplus of 8.17% of GDP for Norway.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Jordan

Norway
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Jordan Norway
2025 1.77% 3.06%
2024 1.56% 3.15%
2023 2.08% 5.52%
2022 4.23% 5.76%
2021 1.35% 3.48%
2020 0.33% 1.29%
2019 0.76% 2.17%
2018 4.46% 2.76%
2017 3.32% 1.88%
2016 -0.78% 3.55%
2015 -0.88% 2.17%
2014 2.9% 2.04%
2013 4.82% 2.12%
2012 4.52% 0.7%
2011 4.16% 1.28%
2010 4.85% 2.42%
2009 -0.74% 2.2%
2008 14% 3.75%
2007 4.74% 0.71%
2006 6.25% 2.33%
2005 3.49% 1.53%
2004 3.36% 0.45%
2003 1.63% 2.49%
2002 1.83% 1.29%
2001 1.77% 3%
2000 0.67% 3.09%
1999 0.61% 2.37%
1998 3.09% 2.25%
1997 3.04% 2.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/norway | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Jordan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.87%, compared with 2.46% in Norway. In 2025, inflation was 1.77% in Jordan and 3.06% in Norway.

Top exports between countries

Jordan
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $12.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.21M
Raw agricultural goods $410K
Machinery & equipment $48K
Textiles & consumer goods $46K
Chemicals & pharma $33K
Metals $9K
Precious metals & jewellery $9K
Norway
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $9.93M
Animal & marine products $6.44M
Machinery & equipment $3.73M
Miscellaneous $714K
Wood & paper products $311K
Raw materials & minerals $164K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $148K
Metals $104K
Textiles & consumer goods $56K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K

Balance of trade

Jordan Norway
Current account balance
-$3.13B
2024
$74.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
152/190
2024
10/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.33%
2024
+14%
2025
Goods imports
$23.9B
2024
$105B
2025
Goods exports
$13.3B
2024
$177B
2025
Service imports
$6.5B
2024
$73.9B
2025
Service exports
$9.45B
2024
$63.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
57.1%
2024
33.7%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.6%
2024
45.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Jordan Norway
Economic freedom 59.3 78.8
Economic freedom ranking 104/197 9/197
Property rights 52.3 99.6
Government integrity 51 94.3
Judicial effectiveness 44 96.4
Tax burden 84.1 63.3
Government spending 67.2 42
Fiscal health 5.2 96.4
Business freedom 62.7 91.2
Labor freedom 51.3 69.3
Monetary freedom 81.2 72.4
Trade freedom 82 85.6
Investment freedom 70 75
Financial freedom 60 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Jordan
Norway
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Jordan Norway
2026 59.3 78.8
2025 59.4 78.3
2024 58.3 77.5
2023 58.8 76.9
2022 60.1 76.9
2021 64.6 73.4
2020 66 73.4
2019 66.5 73
2018 64.9 74.3
2017 66.7 74
2016 68.3 70.8
2015 69.3 71.8
2014 69.2 70.9
2013 70.4 70.5
2012 69.9 68.8
2011 68.9 70.3
2010 66.1 69.4
2009 65.4 70.2
2008 64.1 68.6
2007 64.5 67.9
2006 63.7 67.9
2005 66.7 64.5
2004 66.1 66.2
2003 65.3 67.2
2002 66.2 67.4
2001 68.3 67.1
2000 67.5 70.1
1999 67.4 68.6
1998 66.8 68
1997 63.6 65.1
1996 60.8 65.4
1995 62.7 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/norway | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Jordan is 59.3, ranking 104/197, compared to 78.8 for Norway, ranking 9/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Jordan Norway
Services, % of GDP
56.8%
2025
55%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2025
34.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.56%
2025
1.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$60.6B
2025
$546B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,440
2025
$107,770
2025
Total reserves including gold
$26.6B
2025
$85.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
61/177
2025
34/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.58B
2024
$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.63B
2024
$12.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$54.1M
2024
$5.62B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.85%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.2%
2020
12.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23%
2021
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/jordan/norway | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1881–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.